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Insolation
Insolation = Incoming Solar Radiation
Energy in = Energy out
or,
Insolation In = Heat Out (Earth only emits heat)
Factors
1. Angle of insolation - direct or indirect
2. Length of Day - how much sunshine is available.
3. Type of Surface:-- light or dark-- rough or smooth
Angle of Insolation
Angle of Insolation
Axis Tilted
Earth’s axis tilts 23.50
Always tilts the same way = parallelism
Seasons result.
Parallelism
Seasons
Equinox
Equinox = when the sun is directly over the equator.
Day and night are equal = 12 hours long
Sun rises due East, sets due West
Vernal (spring) Equinox = March 20Autumnal (fall) Equinox = Sept. 22
Solstice
Solstice = sun stop
Summer Solstice ( 6/21) = Sun is directly over 23.50 N (Tropic of Cancer) = most daylight
Winter Solstice (12/21) = Sun is directly over 23.50 S (Tropic of Capricorn) = least daylight
Rotation
Daily Motion = stars and planets rise in the East and set in the West. Why?
Earth rotates counterclockwise at 15o / hr.
Evidence:- Foucault’s Pendulum- Coriolis Effect – all winds move rightward in the northern hemisphere
Length of DayHow long is a day?
Is it 24 hours or 23 hrs. 56 minutes?
Sidereal Day = actual time it takes to rotate 3600 (23h 56m).
But, earth revolves around sun 10 in a day. So, it takes an additional 4 minutes to complete turn.
Solar Day = Noon to Noon = Time it takes to rotate 3610 (24h).
Revolution
Earth revolves around Sun 1o / day.
Also counterclockwise.
Evidence:Seasons.Constellations change during year.