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Installation and Commissioning of the Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility
A. Nagler1, D. Berkovits1, Y. Buzaglo1, I. Gertz1, A. Grin1, I. Mardor1, L. Weissman1, F. Kremer2, K. Dunkel2, C. Piel2
1Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel2Accel Instruments, Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany
WAO 2007
September 25th, 2007
225/9/2007
Topics of the Talk
Brief overview of SARAF
The specialty of SARAF
The commissioning plan and its execution
Summary and Conclusions
325/9/2007
SARAF LayoutParameterParameter ValueValue CommentComment
Ion Species Protons/Deuterons M/q ≤ 2
Energy Range 5 – 40 MeV
Current Range 0.04 – 2 mA Upgradeable to 4 mA
Operation 6000 hours/year
Reliability 90%
Maintenance Hands-On Very low beam loss
Nagler et el., LINAC 2006
425/9/2007
SARAF Phase I – Detailed Design (2006)
EIS LEBT
RFQ PSM D-Plate
Beam Dump
MEBT
Extracted from a 3D model of SARAF developed under “Inventor 3D” (CAD application)
3D model was crucial for:
• The detailed design of infrastructure interfaces
• Installation of all accelerator components
525/9/2007
SARAF Phase I – As installed (2006)
PSM is temporarily off the beam line to enable parallel commissioning
625/9/2007
The specialty of SARAF (1)0.04 - 2 mA of protons and deuterons, CW, at energies 5 - 40 MeV, with hands-on maintenance
Flexible, independently phased design
Very low beam loss required (1 nA/meter)
Beam dynamics calculations focused on beam loss
40 MeV
31
725/9/2007
The specialty of SARAF (2)
Superconducting acceleration starting at 1.5 MeV/uSC Linac based on Half Wave Resonators (HWR)Separation of vacuum between beam line and cryostat4-Rod RFQ with a heat flux of 60 kW/m
Prototype Superconducting Module (PSM)
Beam
Novel design
Pekeler et el., LINAC 2006
825/9/2007
The Specialty of SARAF (3)
Accelerator – Accel Instruments (Germany)
Cryogenics – Linde Kryotechnik (Switzerland)
Building and Infrastructure – U. Doron (Israel)
Applications - Soreq
Overall Integration – Soreq
Construction and Commissioning of a (Beyond-)State-of-the-Art accelerator within an international business collaboration
925/9/2007
The Construction and Commissioning Group
SARAF engineering group members - SoreqSoreqElectrical EngineerElectrical Engineer (Control Systems, Infrastructure, RF)
Mechanical EngineerMechanical Engineer (Cryogenics, Vacuum)
Physicist Physicist (Accelerator, Diagnostics, Beam lines)
Industrial EngineerIndustrial Engineer (Maintenance, Documentation)
Safety SpecialistSafety Specialist (“online” safety, procedures for present and future)
Two techniciansTwo technicians (part time)
Installation and commissioning teams from Accel InstrumentsAccel Instruments and Linde-KryotechnikLinde-KryotechnikDetails in talk by I. Gertz tommorow
1025/9/2007
Installation and Commissioning of Auxiliary systems
Install as many auxiliary systems as possible (RF, Magnets power supplies, PLCs, Cryogenic Plant) in parallel and as soon as possible and commission with dummy loads
Cold Box LHe Dewar
Vaporizer
LEBT Rack MEBT
Rack
RFQ-RF System
PSM-RF PSM Control
D-Plate Rack
Beam Dump Rack
Cooling water
Floating floor
RF and control racks as installed
1125/9/2007
Installation of Cryogenic Plant
Beam Corridor
Energy Center
Accelerator Building
Service Corridor
Linde TCF50 Coldbox
1225/9/2007
Installation and Commissioning of Personal Safety System (PSS)
Controlled entry to the accelerator area
PSS Station at the Main Control Room
1325/9/2007
Installation and Commissioning of RFQ
Install RFQ (most rigid component) and perform RF conditioning
Control system application of RFQ-RFThe RFQ as installed in beam corridor
1425/9/2007
Installation and Commissioning of Ion Source and LEBT
Commissioning performed with Diagnostics and Faraday Cup in LEBT
20(40) keV, 5mA p(d) 100(200) W
Measure current, emittance and their stability using LEBT
Low power enables CW commissioning
Pulsed commissioning also needed for higher energy
ECRIon Source
Slits, Wires,Faraday Cup
LEBT
1525/9/2007
Preliminary Commissioning results of Ion Source and LEBT
Ion Beam Current [mA]
Emittance rms 100% beam
[π mm mrad]
Proton 5.0 0.20
Proton 2.0 0.18
Proton 0.04 0.14
Deuteron 5.0 0.15
Beam stability over 1 hour±2.5% at 6.3 mA protons
Beam current adjustmentBy variable aperture
Kremer et el., PAC 2007, ICIS 2007
Deuteron beam, 5mA, norm, rms,100% = 0.15x-x’ contour plot y-y’ contour plot
y’ [mrad
]
y [mm]x [mm]
1625/9/2007
Seforad 3He neutron spectrometer
Snoopy neutron monitor
Faraday Cup
First nuclear reactions at SARAF with deuterons (1)
Even 40 keV deuterons generate nuclear reactions
In our case, beam deuterons interact with deuterons that are adsorbed in the graphite Faraday Cup
d+D 3He+n (En=2.45 MeV)
At 5 mA, neutron flux was measure to be ~1.2×107 n/sec, corresponding to ~68 mrem/hr
Flux is about a factor of 7 less then original calculations which were the basis of the shielding design
Ion Source
LEBT
1725/9/2007
1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Detector energy (keV)
Co
un
ts (
a.u
.)
Thermal neutrons FWHM=20 keVQ
En+Q full peak
En elastic scattering on protons
3/4En elastic scattering on 3He
2.45 MeV neutrons FWHM=85 keV
First nuclear reactions at SARAF with deuterons (2)
Neutron reaction inside detector:
3He + n 3H + p + Q(764 keV)
Peak efficiency for 2.45 MeV neutrons is ~ 2.5 10-5
Full efficiency is ~ 1.5 10-3 (good agreement with Beimer NIM A245 (1986) 402)
1825/9/2007
Installation and Commissioning of MEBT and D-Plate
Install and commission MEBT and custom D-Plate (current, energy, transverse and longitudinal emittance, beam halo)
The SARAF Diagnostic Plate (D-Plate)
Beam
650 mm MEBT between RFQ (right) and D-Plate (left) including 3 quadrupoles, 3 sets of streerers, 2 sets of wire scanners, 2 BPM (phase probes)
Piel et el., PAC 2007
1925/9/2007
Protons Commissioning of RFQ usingD-Plate and custom beam dump (1)
1.5(3.0) MeV, 2mA p(d) 3(6) kW
Maximum beam on diagnostics – 200W. High power requires pulsed beam
Pulsing established by combining low DF Ion Source pulses with shifted high DF (99%) RFQ pulsing, in order to test RFQ rods at CW power
Piel et el., PAC 2007
2025/9/2007
Protons Commissioning of RFQ usingD-Plate and custom beam dump (2)
Beam Energy Measurement using TOFbetween 2 BPMs sum signals, 145 mm
apart, E = 1.504 ± 0.012 MeVE = 1.504 ± 0.012 MeV
X and Y transverse beam profiles as measured by wire scanners in D-Plate There is no effect of the RFQ power duty cycle on beam position or shape
Piel et el., PAC 2007
2125/9/2007
Protons Commissioning of RFQ usingD-Plate and custom beam dump (3)
INPUT Raw Data Sampling rate: 20GS/s, Pfor = 58.3 kW (M3)
-5,00E-03
0,00E+00
5,00E-03
1,00E-02
1,50E-02
5,E-07 5,E-07 5,E-07 5,E-07 5,E-07 6,E-07
Time [s]
Am
pl [
mV
]
FFC measurement after averaging @ Pfor=58.3 kW
-0,002
0,000
0,002
0,004
0,006
0,008
0,010
0,012
0,0E+00 1,0E-09 2,0E-09 3,0E-09 4,0E-09 5,0E-09 6,0E-09
Time [s]
Am
plit
ud
e [
mV
]After FFT corrected [mV]
Fast Faraday Cup (FFC) raw data of measured longitudinal beam profiles. The overall bandwidth is 6 GHz which allows measurement of bunch length > 26 psec
Measured longitudinal beam profile after averaging of up to 100 bunches of one macro-pulse and a Fourier correction. The FFC can be used in combination with a superconducting. cavity operated as a buncher for longitudinal emittance measurements.
Piel et el., PAC 2007
2225/9/2007
Installation of Prototype Superconducting Module (PSM)
Installation period
Helium pipes
RF Connections
PSM interfaces
2325/9/2007
Integration of PSM and Cryogenic PlantEstablished the very stringent pressure stability requirement (1200.0 ± 1.5 mbar),which is needed for operating a high-Q superconducting cavities
LHe Pressure
LHe Level
Linde Kryotechnik AG control system screen
2425/9/2007
Commissioning of the Control System
Most applications are being developed and upgraded during commissioning and used mainly by experts
Overview of the SARAF Main Control Room Main accelerator vacuum control screen
2525/9/2007
Further actions in commissioning plan
Perform PSM RF conditioning and establish quality curves (Q vs. E)
PSM beam commissioning using D-plate and custom beam dump
4-5 MeV, 2 mA p/d 8-10 kW
Main Control System operating screens for operators will be finalized at the end of commissioning
Final Acceptance Test
Beam Characterization, towards Phase II of SARAF
2625/9/2007
Construction and Commissioning Time Table (1)
Cryogenic plant and RFQ-RF (11/2005)
Standard systems, custom designed for SARAF
Installation + commissioning ~6 months for each system - within schedule
PSM RF and LLRF (4/2006)
Special developments for SARAF, technology is well known
Installation + commissioning ~2 months - within schedule
2725/9/2007
Construction and Commissioning Time Table (2)
Ion Source, LEBT, RFQ, MEBT, PSM, D-Plate (6/2006)
Advanced technology, part of it beyond the existing state of the art
Combined installation time of all components 4 months - within schedule
Planned commissioning time 6 months
Probable commissioning time > 18 months
2825/9/2007
Reasons for delays in accelerator commissioning
Ion SourceDelays in achieving the required performance, especially for H2
+ (used for mimicking deuterons and enhancement of proton flux on targets)
RFQSeveral component failures
RF conditioning much longer than expected
Vacuum leaks
Cryogenic plantInstabilities in control system
Helium impurities
2925/9/2007
Installation and Commissioning Documentation
Installation and commissioning plans laid out very roughly. Detailed plans compiled on a monthly or weekly basis
Acceptance of systems performed according to detailed protocols
3025/9/2007
Summary
Phase I of SARAF is now under commissioning
Commissioning will end by mid 2008
Full operation should commence by 2012
The specialty of SARAF and its commissioning process were presented
We hope to report on successful commissioning and operation in the next WAO’s