Installing and Upgrading Windows

© 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+® Guide to 802:

Managing and Troubleshooting PCs

Fourth Edition (Exam 220-802)

Installing and Upgrading Windows

Chapter 5





Overview

• In this chapter, you will learn how to

– Identify and implement pre-installation tasks

– Install and upgrade Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7

– Troubleshoot installation problems

– Identify and implement post-installation tasks





Installing and Upgrading

• Accomplished in three main steps– Step one: Prepare for installation– Step two: Install– Step three: Perform post-installation tasks





Preparing for Installation or Upgrade

1. Identify hardware requirements2. Verify hardware and software compatibility3. Decide: Clean install or upgrade? 4. Back up data5. Select an installation method6. Identify partition and file systems to use7. Determine computer’s network role8. Decide on language and locale settings9. Plan for post-installation tasks





Identify Hardware Requirements

Core resources−CPU−RAM−Free hard disk space

Miscellaneous−Video adapter−Display−Storage devices





Verify Compatibility

• Verify hardware and software compatibility

• Windows Logo’d Product List (previously known as HCL)– Tested and verified to work with your OS– Products not listed may also be supported





Verify Compatibility (continued)

• Several sources for hardware compatibility information– The Setup Wizard that runs during the installation

does a quick check of your hardware.– A free utility (usually called Upgrade Advisor) can

be run on a system to see if the hardware and software will work with a newer version of Windows.

– Microsoft provides Web sites where you can search by model number of hardware or by a software version to see if it is compatible with Windows—they evolved from the HCL text file to the Windows Logo’d Product list to the current Windows 7 Compatibility Center.






• Several sources for hardware compatibility information (continued)– The manufacturer of the device or software will

usually provide some form of information, either on the product box or on their Web site, concerning Windows compatibility.






Figure 1: Upgrade Advisor






Figure 2: Windows Compatibility Center






Figure 3: Untested device in Windows XP





Clean Install or Upgrade

• Clean install– Usually done on an empty hard disk or one on

which you’re completely replacing an existing installation

– All applications must be installed (or reinstalled)

• Upgrade– New OS installs on top of the old one– Many previous settings and capabilities retained– Applications don’t need to be reinstalled– Microsoft uses the term “in-place upgrade” to

define an upgrade installation





Clean Install or Upgrade (continued)

• Multiboot– Doing a clean install side by side with another OS.– Enables you to boot to more than one OS.– Windows XP can be installed in a separate folder

from an existing older copy of Windows, enabling you to put two operating systems on the same partition.

– Neither Windows Vista nor Windows 7 allows you define the install folder, so multibooting using Windows Vista or 7 requires you to put each installation on a different partition.





Clean Install or Upgrade (continued)

• Multiboot (continued)– Windows Vista and Windows 7 enable you to shrink

the C: partition, so if you want to dual-boot but have only a single drive, use Disk Management to shrink the volume and create another partition in the newly unallocated space. Install another copy of Windows to the new partition.





Other Installation Methods

• Other installation methods– Not only CD-ROM—also DVD, USB, or special

CD-ROMS– Can be installed over the network (called a remote

network installation) – An unattended installation is done when scripts are

included to configure the installation without any user intervention

– Can use imaging using tools such as Norton Ghost, PowerQuest’s Drive Image, or Acronis’s True Image—often used when you have a lot of computers with identical hardware





Other Installation Methods (continued)

• Other installation methods (continued)– Remote Installation Services (RIS, proprietary to

Microsoft) was implemented with Windows 2000, but it was replaced by Windows Deployment Services (WDS) in Windows Server 2008 and 2008 R2.





Determine How to Back Up Data

• If data saved to central server, skip this step

• If data exists on local drive, back it up

• Back up to network server, DVD, USB, hard drive, etc.– Will need to restore data from this location after

upgrade or reinstall





Select an Installation Method

• Two basic choices

– Optical disc (CompTIA A+ focus)• Boot from CD or DVD and start installation

– Over the network • More for CompTIA Network+ techs and network

administrators





Determine Partition and File System

• Partition– Create when drive first created (or use third-party

tools to repartition)– If multiboot, use one partition for each OS

• File system– Use NTFS whenever possible—security features are

valuable– Most multiboot systems and OSs support NTFS, so

FAT or FAT32 should not be necessary





Network Role

• Determine your computer’s network role– Standalone (in a single-member workgroup)– Workgroup (also known as a peer-to-peer network)– Domain (central domain controller exists)– Windows 7 can also belong to a homegroup in a

home network environment





Language, Locale, andPost-Installation Tasks

• Decide on your computer’s language and locale settings.

• Plan for post-installation tasks (for instance, do you need Internet access for patching or accessing backed-up data?).– Install service packs, hotfixes, etc.– Update drivers.– Reconfigure settings such as network settings.– Install applications.





The Installation and Upgrade Process





Installing or Upgrading to Windows XP Professional

• Upgrade paths– Can upgrade from Windows 98 , Me, NT 4.0

(Service Pack 5 and up), Windows 2000 Pro, and XP Home





Installing or Upgrading to Windows XP Professional (continued)

Component Minimum for a

Windows XP Computer

Recommended for a

Windows XP Computer

CPU Any Intel or AMD 233

MHz or higher processor

Any Intel or AMD 300

MHz or higher processor

Memory 64 MB of RAM (though

Microsoft admits XP will

be somewhat crippled

with only this amount)

512 MB of RAM or higher

Hard disk 1.5 GB of available hard

drive space

4 GB of available hard

drive space

Network None Modern network card

Display Video card that supports

SVGA with at least

800×600 resolution

Video card that supports

DirectX with at least

1024×768 resolution

Optical drive Any CD- or DVD-media

drive

Any CD- or DVD-media

drive

Table 1: Windows XP Hardware Requirements





Hardware and Software Compatibility with XP

• Upgrade Advisor

– First process that runs from setup.exe

– Provides list of devices and software known to have issues with XP

– Can be run by itself • From Microsoft’s Web site• Or winnt32 /checkupgradeonly

– On the installation CD or can be downloaded for free





Windows XP Installation

• Bootable CD-ROM boots into Setup– May need to set boot order in BIOS

• Registration—optional

• Activation (Microsoft Product Activation or MPA)– Mandatory within 30 days– Antipiracy mechanism– System disabled after 30 days if not activated– Via Internet or phone





Activation

Figure 4: Activation takes just seconds with an Internet connection.





Windows Vista Installation

• Upgrade paths to Vista are complicated

– Windows 2000 to Vista requires clean installation

– Variables• Version of XP (Professional, 32-bit, etc.)• Version of Vista

– Must start the upgrade process from within the older operating system





Windows Vista Installation (continued)

Vista Home

Basic

Vista Home

Premium

Vista

Business

Vista

Ultimate

XP

Professional

Clean Install Clean Install Upgrade

Install

Upgrade

Install

XP Home Upgrade

Install

Upgrade

Install

Upgrade

Install

Upgrade

Install

XP Media

Center

Clean Install Upgrade

Install

Clean Install Upgrade

Install

XP Tablet

PC

Clean Install Clean Install Upgrade

Install

Upgrade

Install

XP

Professional

x64

Clean Install Clean Install Clean Install Clean Install

Table 2: Vista’s Labyrinthine Upgrade Paths





Windows Vista Installation (continued)

Component Minimum for a Windows Vista Computer Recommended for a Windows Vista

Computer

CPU 1 GHz 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor Any dual-core Intel or AMD processor or better

Memory 512 MB of RAM for Vista Home Basic (for all

other editions, 1 GB of RAM)

2 GB of RAM or higher

Hard disk 20-GB hard drive with 15 GB of available hard

drive space for Vista Home Basic (for all other

editions, 40-GB hard drive with 15 GB of free

space)

100-GB hard drive or greater

Network Modern network card with Internet access Modern network card with Internet access

Display Support for DirectX 9 graphics and 32 MB of

graphics memory for Vista Home Basic (for all

other editions, 128 MB of graphics memory,

plus pixel shader 2.0 support, the WDDM

driver, and 32 bits per pixel)

DirectX 10 capable graphics card with at least

512 MB of graphics memory

Optical drive Any DVD-media drive Any DVD-media drive

Table 3: Windows Vista Hardware Requirements





Installing or Upgrading to Windows 7

• The upgrade path to Windows 7 is available only from Windows Vista.– Must be 32-bit to 32-bit or 64-bit to 64-bit– All XP editions require a clean installation to

upgrade to 7.

• Upgrading to a higher edition with more features can be done with the built-in Windows Anytime Upgrade feature.





Installing or Upgrading to Windows 7 (continued)

Existing OS Can Upgrade To… Can Clean Install To…

32-bit Vista (any

edition)

32-bit Windows 7 only Any edition of Windows

7

64-bit Vista (any

edition)

64-bit Windows 7 only Any edition of Windows

7

Any pre-Vista

Windows

Not allowed Any edition of Windows

7

Table 4: Installing or Upgrading to Windows 7






• Hardware Requirements for Windows 7– With Windows 7, Microsoft released a single list of

system requirements, broken down into 32-bit and 64-bit editions

– 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor

– 1 gigabyte (GB) RAM (32-bit) or 2 GB RAM (64-bit) – 16 GB available hard disk space (32-bit) or 20 GB

(64-bit) – DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher

driver






• Additional requirements for some games and performance options may require additional or higher-level hardware– Aero desktop requires a video card with 128 MB of

graphics memory.– Some games and programs may require a DirectX

10-compatible graphics card (most newer graphics cards are compatible with DirectX 10).

– HomeGroup requires a network and PCs running Windows 7.

– Windows XP Mode requires an additional 1 GB of RAM and an additional 15 GB of available hard disk space.






• Additional requirements (continued)– The 32-bit editions of Windows 7 can handle up to

32 processor cores, and the 64-bit editions of Windows 7 support up to 256 processor cores.

– Windows 7 Professional, Ultimate, and Enterprise can handle two physical CPUs, but Windows 7 Starter and Home Premium support only one physical CPU.





For Upgrades, Follow These Pre-Upgrade Steps

1. Remember to check hardware and software compatibility.

2. Back up data and configuration files.

3. Perform “spring cleaning.”

4. Perform disk scan (error checking) and defragmentation.

5. Uncompress all files, folders, and partitions.

6. Perform virus scan and disable or remove virus-checking software.

7. Disable CMOS virus checking.

8. Be prepared to do clean install.





Windows XP Clean Install

• Start by booting to CD-ROM• Text mode

– Can partition drive in this mode– Choose file system (usually NTFS)





Windows XP Clean Install (continued)

Figure 5: Windows Setup text screen






Figure 6: Welcome text screen






Figure 7: Partitioning text screen






Figure 8: Choosing NTFS






• Graphical mode– Enter product key.– Enter computer name and administrator password.– Choose network settings.– Wait for completion.






Figure 9: Beginning of graphical mode






Figure 10: Product key






Figure 11: Computer name and administrator password






Figure 12: Selecting typical network settings






Figure 13: The Big Copy






Figure 14: Windows XP desktop with Bliss background





Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process

• Fully graphical installation process—both Vista’s and 7’s installation processes are virtually identical.

• Insert the Vista/7 DVD and reboot the computer to the DVD.





Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued)

Figure 15: Windows 7 and Vista splash screens






Figure 16: Windows Vista language settings screen






Figure 17: The Windows Vista setup Welcome screen






• The product key – Comes early in Vista, much later in the process for 7.– All editions of Vista or 7 come on their respective

discs.– Product key not only verifies the legitimacy of

purchase; it also tells the installer which edition you purchased.

– With Vista, leaving the product key blank allows you to install a trial (30-day) version of any edition. With 7, leaving the product key blank enables you to install a trial version of only the edition named on the box or disc label.






Figure 18: The Windows Vista product key screen






Figure 19: Choose the edition of Vista you want to install






• Agree to the EULA.• If you’re installing over a copy of another

OS, you can get the option to install an upgrade copy.– Most likely, you’ll get the Custom option and your

option will be to install a new copy.

• Partitioning screen. Press F6 to load drivers for the hard drive controller if necessary.

• Big copy phase.






Figure 20: The Vista EULA






Figure 21: Choose your installation type






Figure 22: The partitioning screen






Figure 23: Browse for drivers






• Customization options for user name, password, profile picture, and so on– Windows 7 asks for the product key at this stage of

the process.

• Automatic Update settings• Setting the time zone• Network security level






Figure 24: Choose a user picture






Figure 25: Choose your computer name

Figure 25: Choose your computer name.






Figure 26: The automatic updates screen







Figure 27: Vista pities the fool who doesn’t know what time it is.







Figure 28: Tell Windows what kind of network you’re on.







Figure 29: Aw, shucks, Microsoft Windows Vista. Don’t mention it.






Lab – Installing Vista

1. Insert Vista DVD.

2. Reboot the computer.

3. Boot to the installation DVD.– You might need to

make changes in CMOS to boot to the optical drive first.

4. Follow the setup wizard.

5. Do not put in a product key.

6. Install Windows Vista Ultimate.

7. Insert a user name.

8. Skip the performance test.





Automating the Install

• Scripting Windows XP installations with Setup Manager (download from Microsoft or locate on installation disc in the \Support\Tools folder)– Allows creation of text files (called answer files)

used for unattended installations– Can be created for many different types of

operating systems– Can be fully automated or partially automated





Automating the Install (continued)

Figure 30: Extracting Setup Manager from the DEPLOY cabinet file







Figure 31: Setup Manager can create answer files for three types of setups.







Figure 32: Setup Manager can create answer files for five versions of Windows.







Figure 33: Setup Manager can create several kinds of answer files.







Figure 34: Choose where to store the installation files.







Figure 35: Don’t forget to accept the license agreement.







Figure 36: Enter the product key.







Figure 37: Running additional commands







Figure 38: Running a program once







Figure 39: Pick your computer names.







• Automated Installation Kit (AIK) in Windows Vista and Windows 7– Very complicated tool that replaces Setup Manager– Can create a Master Installation and answer files by

using a tool called the Windows System Image Manager for rolling out Vista/7 onto one or many machines

– Used most commonly for new rollouts over a network






Figure 40: The Automated Installation Kit







Figure 41: The list of components in the Image Monitor







• Disk cloning – Exact copy of drive with fully installed and

configured OS– Works great with standardized systems

• Sysprep– Sysprep sanitizes many unique settings on

a computer– Can help create an automated installation that

requires select user input






Figure 42: Sysprep, the System Preparation Tool






Installing Windows over a Network

• Network installation is ideal for deploying Windows to multiple workstations across a network without having to visit each PC individually.– Installation image is hosted on a network server

that all clients can contact.– Windows Server 2003 uses Remote Installation

Services (RIS).– Windows Server 2008 and 2008 R2 use Windows

Deployment Services (WDS).





Installing Windows over a Network (continued)

• Clients will need to use the Preboot Execution Environment (PXE).– PXE uses multiple protocols such as DHCP so your

computer can boot from a network location.– PXE is enabled in the BIOS System Setup, and the

boot order must specify PXE/Network boot.– Not every NIC supports PXE—you may have to

create boot media so your PC can boot from a network location.

– Multiple installation images may be installed on a server, requiring you to choose from them in a menu. If there is only one image, you’ll see the Windows installation screen begin





Installing Windows over a Network (continued)

Figure 43: Network boot






Troubleshooting Installation Problems





Text Mode Errors

• RAID Array Not Detected– Get the driver disc from the manufacturer and run

setup again.– Press F6 when prompted very early in the Windows

XP installation process.

• No boot device present when booting off the startup disk– Replace startup disc.– Set CMOS to boot off CD.





Text Mode Errors (continued)

• Windows Setup requires xxxx amount of available drive space– Verify C: is formatted and accessible.– Verify enough space is available for OS.

• Not-ready error on optical drive– May be able to wait for drive to catch up: press R.– May need new disc or faster drive.

• A stop error (Blue Screen of Death) after reboot at the end of text mode– Usually points to hardware incompatibility.





Graphical Mode Errors

• Hardware detection errors– Could be hardware incompatibility.– If noncritical hardware, find and install correct

drivers.

• Can’t read CAB files– Check the CD-ROM for scratches.– Try copying i386 files onto hard drive.– Replace the optical disc.





Lockups During Install

• Unplug it– Unplug system and restart– Will automatically start where it left off

• Optical drive, hard drive– Try another disc or another CD-ROM drive

• Log files—track progress of install– Setuplog.txt– Setupapi.log





• SETUPLOG.TXT−Tracks the complete installation process.−Logs success or failures of file copying, registry

updates, reboots, etc.

• SETUPAPI.LOG−Tracks the hardware installed.−Uses PnP codes, so not very easy to read.

Lockups During Install (continued)





Lockups During Install (continued)

• Windows Vista and Windows 7 create about 20 log files each, organized by the phase of the installation.– Each phase creates a setuperr.log file to track any

errors during that phase of the installation





Post-Installation Tasks

• Apply fixes for the OS– Patches fix specific problems– Service packs are collections of patches

• Upgrade drivers• Restore user data files

– Windows Backup (Windows 2000/XP)– Backup and Restore Center (Windows Vista/7)– Copy files and folders manually

• Migrate data and retire the old computer





Migrating and Retiring

• Files and Settings Transfer Wizard (FSTW) for Windows XP– Run the utility on new computer– Create the Wizard Disk– Run the Wizard Disk on old computer

• Can select files and folders to migrate• Doesn’t do program files, just data

– Transfer files via network or removable media





Migrating and Retiring (continued)

Figure 44: The Files and Settings Transfer Wizard’s initial screen







Figure 45: Is this the new computer or your old one?







Figure 46: Creating a Wizard Disk







Figure 47: Where are the files and settings?







Figure 48: How will you transfer the files?







Figure 49: The files and settings you’re going to transfer







Figure 50: Customizing the transfer







• User State Migration Tool (USMT)

– Functions similarly to the FSTW

– Requires a Windows domain

– More of a business or enterprise tool

– Useful for migrating many users






• Windows Easy Transfer– Upgraded FSTW for Windows Vista/7– Functions similarly to the FSTW– Adds security for network transfer– Can use a special Easy Transfer cable to migrate

via USB






Figure 51: Start a new transfer or continue a previous one?






Migration Practices

• What do you do with the old drive?

– Follow these principles

• Migrate in a secure environment• Remove data remnants from drive• Recycle old equipment; don’t trash it





Migration Practices (continued)

• Migrate in a secure environment

– Until passwords protect the new system, don’t bring it online.

– Don’t walk away from the migration if in a nonsecure space.





Data Destruction

• Data Destruction– When recycling/disposing of an older PC, it must be

sanitized of data.– Even data in the Recycle Bin remains on your

storage device until new data overwrites it—that data can be recovered by others.

– Completely sanitize a drive by physically destroying it or using a software utility that “wipes” the drive with patterns of ones or zeros.

– Low-level formatting writes zeros to every location on the disk.

– Data sanitizing utilities “wipe” free space on an in-use drive, erasing deleted files.





Data Destruction (continued)

Figure 52: Piriform’s CCleaner showing files to be removed






Recycle

• Recycle– Clear computer of any data.– Don’t throw away in regular garbage—computers

contain hazardous materials. Take to a proper recycling facility.

OR– Donate to an organization that refurbishes and uses

older PCs in schools, etc.

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