Energy efficient office appliancesFrans Oosterhuis
Workshop on Innovation dynamics induced by environment policy, Brussels, 21 June 2006
Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM)
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Outline
• Introduction
• Innovation dynamics
• Policy instruments and other drivers(focus on public procurement)
• Conclusions and prospects
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Introduction
• Concern about growing energy use for ICT
• Response by industry:– Power management (computers)– Reducing warm-up time (copiers)
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Progress in energy efficiency
Source:Gehl et al., 2005; original source: American Electronics Association, Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI), 2002).
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Innovation dynamics (1)
Market penetration of Top Runner compliant computers
Source: Naturvårdsverket (2005); original source: JEITA (Japan Electronics & Information Technology Industries Association).
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Innovation dynamics (2)
Development of costs and prices:
– Costs of energy efficiency improvement cannot be isolated (but probably often close to zero)
– Dynamic market; quick decrease in prices of innovative products
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Policy instruments
• (a) labels, market incentives (e.g. Energy Star)• (b) minimum efficiency standards• (c) R&D subsidies etc. (e.g. ‘Copier of the Future’)
Source: IEA, 2000
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Use of energy efficiency criteria in public tenders for PCs, printers and/or copiers, March-April 2006
Use of energy efficiency requirements Country Number of
respondents Referring to Energy Star
Referring to Ecolabel
Other None
Belgium 3 1 1 1 Germany 2 1 1 Denmark 1 1 Spain 1 1 Finland 2 1 1 France 2 1 1 UK 1 1 Norway 4 2 1 1 Poland 1 1 Sweden 1 1 Total 18 4 3 4 7
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Expert views on effectiveness of policy instruments
• Ranking of effective policy instruments:(1) Mandatory public procurement(2) Mandatory energy performance standards(3) Voluntary labelling(4) Higher energy prices
• Criteria should not be too stringent• Technological possibilities should be taken into
account• Measuring procedures and enforcement important
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Conclusions and prospects
• Public procurement can be a powerful instrument for market transformation
• In the EU, the potential of this instrument is not yet fully exploited
• Criteria should be specified (and updated) carefully in order to achieve ‘optimum’ part of the market able to comply
• User behaviour determines final effectiveness