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With dedication, with wisdom, for a safer world! INSTITUTE of PUBLIC SAFETY RESEARCH April 30, 2018
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Page 1: INSTITUTE of PUBLIC SAFETY RESEARCH - wpi.edu · 89 KPa t 68 KPa r 35 KPa e 32 KPa l 32 KPa h Turbulent to laminar Flame base turned blue ... Report DOT/FAA/CT-90/10, July 1994. 22.

With dedication, with wisdom, for a safer world!

INSTITUTE of PUBLIC SAFETY RESEARCH

April 30, 2018

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Tsinghua University

In the past

Founded as a preparatory school in 1911

Established university section in 1925

Became a polytechnic university in 1952

Restored science, economics, law…etc in 1978.

At present (top 3 in China)

7800 of faculty and staff

13,000 undergraduates

12,800 Master students

5,700 Ph.D students

Goal for the future

…into a world-class university

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IPSR (Institute of Public Safety Research)

Institute of Safety Science and Technology (Engineering Physics)

State Administration of Work Safety Key Lab on Fire Safety (Eng. Physics)

Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Engineering Physics)

Center for Nuclear Safety (Nuclear Technology)

Institute of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (Civil Engineering)

Department of Construction Safety Management (Civil Engineering)

Institute of Hydraulic and Hydropower Engineering (Civil Engineering)

Center for Crisis Management Research (Public Policy & Management)

Center for Chemical Processing Safety (Chemical Engineering) Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems (Automotive Eng.)

Center for Safety Eng. and Technology Research (Aeronautic & Aerospace)

Institute of Thermal Engineering (Thermal Engineering)

Institute of building Environment and Facility Eng. (Architecture Science)

Institute of Software Theory and System (Software)

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Commendation from Chinese President Xi Jinping:“A key research base for strategically crucial issue of national safety, which is a fitting undertaking for the prestige of Tsinghua University.”

Government Think Tank

Premier Li visited C2 centre - Command and control center,

using IPSR technologies

President Xi visited IPSR- “IPSR has already been the

national base for public safety

research and engineering…”

President Xi visited ECU911- Ecuador public safety

management system, using IPSR

technologies

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Chairman/secretary general of Asia-Pacific Association of PublicSafety Science and Technology

Chairman/secretary general of Chinese Association of Public Safety

Beijing Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Emergency Response Science

Key Laboratory of Work Safety State Administration of Work Safety

Academic Influence

5

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Risk & Resilience, Disaster Modeling

Chain-event modelingForest fire Hazmat spill

Crime hotspotHuman evacuationWater pollutionRisk Analysis

Vulnerability Analysis

6

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Large Experiment Facility

Human behavior and safety protection Disaster coupling wind tunnel Wind spd:1-80 m/s;

Temp:-40-70ºC;

Humidity:RH 10%-95%;

Shake freq:0.1-100 Hz;

Shake acc:6g;

Rain:0-250mm/h;

Snow:0-150mm/h;

Sun:500-1200W/m2;7

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Resource

Allocation

Disaster

Site

Rescue &

Relief

Force

DispatchDisaster

Development

InterdisciplinaryTrans-

regional

Cross-

agency

Emergency

shelter & housing

Critical

Infrastructure

Resource

dispatch station

Disaster

scene

Field Task Force

Dynamic

command &

control

Real-time

feedback

District / Department

Platform

National Centre

• Text

• voice

• video

• collaborative plotting

8

Safety Technology Provider for Disaster Response & Rescue - Command & Coordination

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9

Safety Technology Provider for Disaster Response & Rescue - Command & Coordination

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Safety Operation System for All Nuclear Plants in China

济南

郑州

合肥

南京上海

台北福州

南昌杭州

广州

长沙

南宁

贵阳

昆明

武汉重庆成都

兰州

银川

呼和浩特

西宁

拉萨

乌鲁木齐

西安

太原

石家庄

北京

沈阳

长春

天津

哈尔滨

香港澳门

海口

Emergency Response

Maintaince Suggestion

Operation Monitoring

Risk Assessment

10

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Smart Safe City

Mobile

Phone Camera RFID

Sensor

Network

Visual

Telephone Internet

Call

Center

Wireless

Gateway

Sensing

Layer

Awareness

Layer Risk

Analysis

Forecast and

Early-waning

Consequence

Analysis

Transmission

Layer

Safe

Community

Safety

Campus

Smart

Firefighting

Safe

Lifeline

Smart

Health

Safe

Transportation

Safety

Management

Decision

Making

Flood

Protection

Communication

Network IoTInternet

Application

Layer

11

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Smart Firefighting

12

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Infrastructure Safety – Gas Pipeline, Bridge, Water Pipeline

13

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Social Security

Intelligence Sources

Analysis & Decision

Crime Hotspot Terrorist Network

Command & Control Centre

Intelligence

Integration

Intelligent

Decision-making

Assistance

Advantages

Telecom Network behaviorBank

consumptionTraffic record AccommodationSurveillance video

Data Center

Network

RelationshipSocial Relationship

14

Crowd Gathering

Detection

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Safe Petroleum & Petrochemical Industry Park

• Full coverage of crucial safety “hot spots”

• Combination of routine monitoring and emergency response

• Grade-based safety management

Key Areas

Crucial Operation

Surrounding

HSE ManagementOperation Safety

ManagementSurveillance & Monitoring Simulation & Training

Predictive Analysis

& Early-warning

Digital Contingency Plan Collaborative Consultation

Information

CollectionDecision Support

Emergency

Response

Capability

Evaluation

15

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16

Fire Safety

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KangDing Airport - Altitude 4290m

Heat Release Rate

Calorimeter

Simulated Cargo

Compartment

KangDing High Altitude Fire Testing Laboratory

17

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(b) Internal pressure control system

Simulated leakagesystem

Pressure controlsystem

(a) Simulated cargo compartment

Pressure variable range:

24 KPa~110 kPa (30000 ft~sea level)

Pressure variable rate : 3~30 kPa/min

Door: 2 m(W)×1.67 m(H)

Main Technical Parameters

Inner dimension: 8.11 m×4.16 m×1.67 m

Volume: 56.6 m3 Weight: 20 t

Full-Scale Standard Simulated Cargo Compartment

18

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Yin J, Yao W, Liu Q, et al. Experimental study of n-Heptane pool fire behavior in an altitude chamber[J].

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013, 62: 543-552.

89 KPa

Turbulent

68 KPa

More laminar

35 KPa

Blue base

32 KPa

Swirl

32 KPa

Extinguish

Turbulent to laminar

Flame base turned blue

Polyhedral and swirled flame

Plume temperature correlated with axial height and pressure

Mass burning rate under different static pressures (6 and 10 cm pool fire)

Liquid Pool Fire Behavior

19

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80kPa 46kPa

36.7cm

102.7cm

46kPa

100.3 cm

105kPa

67.44 cm

60.8kPa

80.8 cm

B1 B2 DCA

-360 -240 -120 0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

Vari

ab

le p

ress

ure

in

co

mp

art

men

t (k

Pa)

Time (s)

Variable pressure in compartment

A

B1

C

D

B2

Variable pressure rate 15 kPa/min

Maximum external temperature 754℃.

Radiative heat flux identify with pressure.

0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800 1920 2040 2160 2280

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Hea

t F

lux

(K

W/m

2)

Time (s)

HF1

HF2

HF3

15:14 15:16 15:18 15:20 15:22 15:24 15:26 15:28 15:30 15:32 15:34 15:36 15:38 15:40 15:42 15:44 15:46 15:48 15:50

Day Time (24h)

0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800 1920 2040 2160 2280

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Te

mp

era

ture

(℃

)

Time (s)

T 3

T 5

T 7

T 11

T 15

T 18

15:14 15:16 15:18 15:20 15:22 15:24 15:26 15:28 15:30 15:32 15:34 15:36 15:38 15:40 15:42 15:44 15:46 15:48 15:50

Day Time (24h)

0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800 1920 2040 2160 2280

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

舱内气压

(kP

a)

时间 (s)

舱内气压

15:14 15:16 15:18 15:20 15:22 15:24 15:26 15:28 15:30 15:32 15:34 15:36 15:38 15:40 15:42 15:44 15:46 15:48 15:50

当日时间 (24h)

Ignition

Door open

Depressurization

Pressurization

Suppression

• Liquid fire could not be put out

• Near-Real pressure environment

Lower pressure, higher evaporation capacity

and diffusion rate. Higher flame height and

temperature, greater potential risk.

Liquid Pool Fire - Depressurization and Pressurization

20

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Variable pressure rate 5.0 kPa/min

Dynamic Pressure Effect on Solid Fire

0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800 1920 2040 2160

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

Varia

ble

pre

ssu

re in

co

mpa

rtm

ent

(kP

a)

Time (s)

Variable pressure in compartment

12:22 12:24 12:26 12:28 12:30 12:32 12:34 12:36 12:38 12:40 12:42 12:44 12:46 12:48 12:50 12:52 12:54 12:56

Day Time (24h)

Re-ignition

Suppression60.9KPa

80 KPa

105 KPa

60.9 KPa

46KPa

Indoor temperature: 10.2℃Humidity: 81.3%

Ignition

Initial Mass : 2100.4 g

Ash Mass : 557.9 g 26.5%

Variable pressure rate 20 kPa/min

• Depressurization suppress fire, but

cannot eliminate smoldering

• Re-ignition with increasing air pressure

Contribute to insufficiency combustion

Increase the flammable gas concentration

Additional flashover possibilities21

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Cargo Liners

Airflow

Aluminum SkinThermal-acousticInsulationBatting

Sidewall Panel

Baseboard Return Air Grill

Floor PanelFloor Vent

Timothy R. Marker, 1999 (FAA)

Vulnerable Area during Cargo Fire

Cargo liners -- effective and practical burn-through barrier

Cheek area -- likely pathway for fire penetration

Cargo smoke detection -- decreased soot formation, high false detection rate

TR Marker, JW Reinhardt , “Water Spray as a Fire Suppression Agent for Aircraft Cargo Compartment Fires” Federal Aviation Administration, Report DOT/FAA/AR-TN01/1, June 2001.

Cargo Compartment

Ceiling Liners

Cabin Interior

Cabin Ceiling

Conditioned Air

Air Conditioning System

Seats

Outflow Valve

Cheek Area

Cargo

Compartment

Webster, H., “Fuselage Burnthrough From Large Exterior Fuel Fires,” Federal Aviation Administration, Report DOT/FAA/CT-90/10, July 1994. 22

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76 kPa 46 kPa 30 kPa

Case-80-30

3 min 4 min 4.5 min 5 min

Flame Morphology

Panels Structural Variation under Fire

Dilation and Delamination

Comprised of fiberglass encased in film bagging 23

Flame Morphology and Post-fire Panels

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Low pressure, wider dilation area and carbonization area

Low pressure, cargo liners burn through more easily

76 kPa 46 kPa30 kPa

Dilation area

Carbonization area

Dilation areaDilation area

76 kPa 46 kPa 30 kPa

Depressurization could not put out the flammable liquid fire, and

increases the potential burn through threat.

Post-fire Panel

24

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Low Pressure Two-fluid Water Mist Water Mist Nozzle

Case 1 Case

2Case

3

Particle Size Distribution

N2

Water, 0.2 MPa, 180 ml/min

0.3 MPa 0.4 MPa 0.5 MPa

25

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Smoke Permeate into Passenger Cabin

Air Crash Investigation, Getting Out Alive, S13E11, 2014

26

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Cargo Smoke Detection

Halon Replacement: Onboard Water Mist System

Next Steps

Lithium Battery Thermal Runaway

MPS Fire Test Scenarios 27

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28

Campus Safety

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Background Analysis of Campus Safety

Hazard Vulnerability

Management

RISK

Natural disasters

Unsafe behaviors

Unsafe state

Unsafe environment

Resources

Training and drills

Rules and regulations

Organizational structure and competence

· · ·

Unsafe state

Equipment equipping

Monitoring system

Unit use and maintenance

Vulnerability of buildings

Material vulnerability

Vulnerability of operational system

Human vulnerability

29

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Local Street office

Department of logistics management

Administration office

Property management company

Public security department

Laboratory and equipment

Information centre

Canteen service centre

Students' affairs office

Housing management service centre

30

"Information islands" joined together

Campus Safety Information Collection and Database

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Campus Safety Information Collection and Database

Collect safety related information

Laboratory equipment

Campus facilities

Hazard Resourceprotection

9

Campus safety information

collection and database

Systematically review

campus risk and identify

the key problems

Establish monitoring and

warning system using

new technologies, e.g.,

video/camera, smart

phone, face/license plate

recognition system

Connect to the

neighborhood and to the

city

Establish campus safety

protection system 31

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Campus security comprehensive

protection platform

Full control of the school situation

Fire extinguishing system

Information monitor and reporting system

IoTmonitor

voice call public opinion monitor

related organization

information system

crowds collect image and

report

security system

Videomonitoring

grid patrol

door access system

fire extinguishing mainframe

fire extinguishing water supply

monitoring system

Campus Safety Information Collection and Database

32

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System Userage

school leadership

student and staff

safety grid manager

emergency response coordination

resource management

Enhanced public security

awareness

Easy access to security

information

Public safety knowledge training

Conveniently report security information

Intuitive understanding of campus operation

Quickly respond campus emergency decision

routine patrol

monitoring warning

33

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34

System Framework

Dynamic risk information collection

human

behaviour

monitor

hazard

factor

detection

environment

elements

monitor

logistic

equipment

monitor

Identification of risk assessment indexClassification of monitoring elementsSensors installation and deploymentInformation collection and access

risk identification and analysis

identification of campus security risk incident

complete rick index system construction

Campus risk prevention, control and emergency coordination platform

information integration and analysis technique

combination of IoT and GIS/BI

cross impact chain analysis

Real-time risk assessment and visualization

dynamic

risk

monitoring

multi-source information access technique

classification of monitoring information

multi-source heterogeneous information integration and

access

emergency coordination

emergency coordination and command

resource management and scheduling

situation comprehend

situation

of incident

analyzed

emergency

coordinati

on scheme

Campus BIM、GIS modeling

building

information

modelling

function

information

modelling

geographic

information

modelling

campus security platform front platform

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System Framework

RFIDSatellite

positioning

Video

supervision

Infrared

sensing

Dangerous

chemicals

detection

Quick Mark

Grid

man

Sensing

means

outer netEducation

private netinternet wireless net satellite intranet

Basic GIS and a graph system

Three-dimensional visualization system

Smart firefighting subsystem

Risk prevention and warning subsystem

Operation management

and performance appraisal system

Campus emergency management

subsystem

Large screen PC Cellphone PAD Alarm terminal Broadcast

Sta

ndard

Specific

atio

n S

yste

m

Security

assu

rance sy

stem

Campus safety education training

subsystem

basic information

base

Data exchange and sharing platform

Sense

Spread

Know

Use

Web portals

Comprehensive information distribution subsystem

Mobile-

end

system

Central

terminal

Mobile

terminal

Geo-database

IoTdatabase

Event information

base

Component

information

base

Emergency knowledge

base

Case base

Security Resource

s base

Campus security comprehensive security and emergency command center

Campus security grid management

subsystem

Human and vehicle access management

subsystem

Hot zone comprehensive

control subsystem

Public opinion monitoring subsystem

Phase I

Phase II

Counter-terrorism subject

Major event protection

subject

Dangerous chemicals

subject

Experimental equipment

subject

interior andExterior

environmentComprehensive

security

Fire

monitoringschool staff

managed

object Underground

pipe network

……

Production

equipment

Integratedcontrol system

35

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Targeting

· Initial objectives

· Latent objectives

· Target revising

Planning

· Risk/opportunity analyzing

· Objective setting

· Lessons learning

Scenario/Exercise

· Fit/gap analyzing

· Exercise testing

· Lessons learning

Internal/external assessment

· Planning

· Data collecting/analyzing

· Lessons learning

· Recommendations

Capability Assessment Report

Implementation

· Person preparation

· Material preparation

· Monetary preparation

· Implementation

New Mission

Mission

Plan Scenario/Exercise Gap/Improving steps Implementation

Scenario Development

37

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Daily Supervision

Grid manager

Grid manager

Grid manager

Grid manager

Grid manager Grid manager

Grid manager

Grid manager

Grid manager

Daily inspection

Information collection

Information reporting

Instant sign in

Incident report

Mobile video

1538

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Campus Security Comprehensive Protection Platform

Daily Supervision and Early Warning

50km/h Leave

On-campus speed monitoring

School teachers & students photo upload

**roadmanhole cover lost

Photo upload

Report

Repair

License plate recognitionLicense plate recognition

38

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Campus Map

Important Event Management and Early Warning

Campus Traffic Network39

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Emergency Management

Digital plan Information collection Resource scheduling Emergency coordination

Comprehensive managementInformation reception& report

Information statistics

Related plan

Implement campus emergency response

One-clickSMS, fax

Monitoring, early warning

and emergency coordination

platform

One-touch

calling

Video conference

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Emergency Management

Live feedback (audio, video,

pictures)

Event information (Location, Disaster,

Measures Taken)

Monitoring information

(event progress)

Cellphone PADTelephon

eFax

Personnel monitoring

Equipment monitoring

Relevant leaders and responsible

persons

Verify the information, inform the emergency response team

One-touch calling, text messaging, fax

Telephoneconference

Videoconsultation

Emerg

ency

Emergencyinformation

Emergencydisposalscheme

On-site commandRescue

All stakeholders involved in emergency prevention and closed-loop information

Preplan automatic extraction

Remote power off, open

access control system

Information confirmation and prior disposal

Early warning information release (large screen mobile

broadcast, etc.)

Level confirmation

Command

Rescue

Protection

Accident type confirmation

Platform

system

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Leadership special version

Information retrieval

Information collection

Information report

Gridman version

Campus Safety Information Client

Cellphone APP Info portalLeadership exclusive page

Tsinghua

******

Teachers&studentsupload photo

log in

P u b l i c v e r s i o n

Information retrievalInformationretrieval

Information collection

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THANK YOU

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