With dedication, with wisdom, for a safer world!
INSTITUTE of PUBLIC SAFETY RESEARCH
April 30, 2018
Tsinghua University
In the past
Founded as a preparatory school in 1911
Established university section in 1925
Became a polytechnic university in 1952
Restored science, economics, law…etc in 1978.
At present (top 3 in China)
7800 of faculty and staff
13,000 undergraduates
12,800 Master students
5,700 Ph.D students
Goal for the future
…into a world-class university
IPSR (Institute of Public Safety Research)
Institute of Safety Science and Technology (Engineering Physics)
State Administration of Work Safety Key Lab on Fire Safety (Eng. Physics)
Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Engineering Physics)
Center for Nuclear Safety (Nuclear Technology)
Institute of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (Civil Engineering)
Department of Construction Safety Management (Civil Engineering)
Institute of Hydraulic and Hydropower Engineering (Civil Engineering)
Center for Crisis Management Research (Public Policy & Management)
Center for Chemical Processing Safety (Chemical Engineering) Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems (Automotive Eng.)
Center for Safety Eng. and Technology Research (Aeronautic & Aerospace)
Institute of Thermal Engineering (Thermal Engineering)
Institute of building Environment and Facility Eng. (Architecture Science)
Institute of Software Theory and System (Software)
Commendation from Chinese President Xi Jinping:“A key research base for strategically crucial issue of national safety, which is a fitting undertaking for the prestige of Tsinghua University.”
Government Think Tank
Premier Li visited C2 centre - Command and control center,
using IPSR technologies
President Xi visited IPSR- “IPSR has already been the
national base for public safety
research and engineering…”
President Xi visited ECU911- Ecuador public safety
management system, using IPSR
technologies
Chairman/secretary general of Asia-Pacific Association of PublicSafety Science and Technology
Chairman/secretary general of Chinese Association of Public Safety
Beijing Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Emergency Response Science
Key Laboratory of Work Safety State Administration of Work Safety
Academic Influence
5
Risk & Resilience, Disaster Modeling
Chain-event modelingForest fire Hazmat spill
Crime hotspotHuman evacuationWater pollutionRisk Analysis
Vulnerability Analysis
6
Large Experiment Facility
Human behavior and safety protection Disaster coupling wind tunnel Wind spd:1-80 m/s;
Temp:-40-70ºC;
Humidity:RH 10%-95%;
Shake freq:0.1-100 Hz;
Shake acc:6g;
Rain:0-250mm/h;
Snow:0-150mm/h;
Sun:500-1200W/m2;7
Resource
Allocation
Disaster
Site
Rescue &
Relief
Force
DispatchDisaster
Development
InterdisciplinaryTrans-
regional
Cross-
agency
Emergency
shelter & housing
Critical
Infrastructure
Resource
dispatch station
Disaster
scene
Field Task Force
Dynamic
command &
control
Real-time
feedback
District / Department
Platform
National Centre
• Text
• voice
• video
• collaborative plotting
8
Safety Technology Provider for Disaster Response & Rescue - Command & Coordination
9
Safety Technology Provider for Disaster Response & Rescue - Command & Coordination
Safety Operation System for All Nuclear Plants in China
济南
郑州
合肥
南京上海
台北福州
南昌杭州
广州
长沙
南宁
贵阳
昆明
武汉重庆成都
兰州
银川
呼和浩特
西宁
拉萨
乌鲁木齐
西安
太原
石家庄
北京
沈阳
长春
天津
哈尔滨
香港澳门
海口
Emergency Response
Maintaince Suggestion
Operation Monitoring
Risk Assessment
10
Smart Safe City
Mobile
Phone Camera RFID
Sensor
Network
Visual
Telephone Internet
Call
Center
Wireless
Gateway
Sensing
Layer
Awareness
Layer Risk
Analysis
Forecast and
Early-waning
Consequence
Analysis
Transmission
Layer
Safe
Community
Safety
Campus
Smart
Firefighting
Safe
Lifeline
Smart
Health
Safe
Transportation
Safety
Management
Decision
Making
Flood
Protection
Communication
Network IoTInternet
Application
Layer
11
Smart Firefighting
12
Infrastructure Safety – Gas Pipeline, Bridge, Water Pipeline
13
Social Security
Intelligence Sources
Analysis & Decision
Crime Hotspot Terrorist Network
Command & Control Centre
Intelligence
Integration
Intelligent
Decision-making
Assistance
Advantages
Telecom Network behaviorBank
consumptionTraffic record AccommodationSurveillance video
Data Center
Network
RelationshipSocial Relationship
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Crowd Gathering
Detection
Safe Petroleum & Petrochemical Industry Park
• Full coverage of crucial safety “hot spots”
• Combination of routine monitoring and emergency response
• Grade-based safety management
Key Areas
Crucial Operation
Surrounding
HSE ManagementOperation Safety
ManagementSurveillance & Monitoring Simulation & Training
Predictive Analysis
& Early-warning
Digital Contingency Plan Collaborative Consultation
Information
CollectionDecision Support
Emergency
Response
Capability
Evaluation
15
16
Fire Safety
KangDing Airport - Altitude 4290m
Heat Release Rate
Calorimeter
Simulated Cargo
Compartment
KangDing High Altitude Fire Testing Laboratory
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(b) Internal pressure control system
Simulated leakagesystem
Pressure controlsystem
(a) Simulated cargo compartment
Pressure variable range:
24 KPa~110 kPa (30000 ft~sea level)
Pressure variable rate : 3~30 kPa/min
Door: 2 m(W)×1.67 m(H)
Main Technical Parameters
Inner dimension: 8.11 m×4.16 m×1.67 m
Volume: 56.6 m3 Weight: 20 t
Full-Scale Standard Simulated Cargo Compartment
18
Yin J, Yao W, Liu Q, et al. Experimental study of n-Heptane pool fire behavior in an altitude chamber[J].
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013, 62: 543-552.
89 KPa
Turbulent
68 KPa
More laminar
35 KPa
Blue base
32 KPa
Swirl
32 KPa
Extinguish
Turbulent to laminar
Flame base turned blue
Polyhedral and swirled flame
Plume temperature correlated with axial height and pressure
Mass burning rate under different static pressures (6 and 10 cm pool fire)
Liquid Pool Fire Behavior
19
80kPa 46kPa
36.7cm
102.7cm
46kPa
100.3 cm
105kPa
67.44 cm
60.8kPa
80.8 cm
B1 B2 DCA
-360 -240 -120 0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
Vari
ab
le p
ress
ure
in
co
mp
art
men
t (k
Pa)
Time (s)
Variable pressure in compartment
A
B1
C
D
B2
Variable pressure rate 15 kPa/min
Maximum external temperature 754℃.
Radiative heat flux identify with pressure.
0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800 1920 2040 2160 2280
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Hea
t F
lux
(K
W/m
2)
Time (s)
HF1
HF2
HF3
15:14 15:16 15:18 15:20 15:22 15:24 15:26 15:28 15:30 15:32 15:34 15:36 15:38 15:40 15:42 15:44 15:46 15:48 15:50
Day Time (24h)
0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800 1920 2040 2160 2280
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Te
mp
era
ture
(℃
)
Time (s)
T 3
T 5
T 7
T 11
T 15
T 18
15:14 15:16 15:18 15:20 15:22 15:24 15:26 15:28 15:30 15:32 15:34 15:36 15:38 15:40 15:42 15:44 15:46 15:48 15:50
Day Time (24h)
0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800 1920 2040 2160 2280
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
舱内气压
(kP
a)
时间 (s)
舱内气压
15:14 15:16 15:18 15:20 15:22 15:24 15:26 15:28 15:30 15:32 15:34 15:36 15:38 15:40 15:42 15:44 15:46 15:48 15:50
当日时间 (24h)
Ignition
Door open
Depressurization
Pressurization
Suppression
• Liquid fire could not be put out
• Near-Real pressure environment
Lower pressure, higher evaporation capacity
and diffusion rate. Higher flame height and
temperature, greater potential risk.
Liquid Pool Fire - Depressurization and Pressurization
20
Variable pressure rate 5.0 kPa/min
Dynamic Pressure Effect on Solid Fire
0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800 1920 2040 2160
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
Varia
ble
pre
ssu
re in
co
mpa
rtm
ent
(kP
a)
Time (s)
Variable pressure in compartment
12:22 12:24 12:26 12:28 12:30 12:32 12:34 12:36 12:38 12:40 12:42 12:44 12:46 12:48 12:50 12:52 12:54 12:56
Day Time (24h)
Re-ignition
Suppression60.9KPa
80 KPa
105 KPa
60.9 KPa
46KPa
Indoor temperature: 10.2℃Humidity: 81.3%
Ignition
Initial Mass : 2100.4 g
Ash Mass : 557.9 g 26.5%
Variable pressure rate 20 kPa/min
• Depressurization suppress fire, but
cannot eliminate smoldering
• Re-ignition with increasing air pressure
Contribute to insufficiency combustion
Increase the flammable gas concentration
Additional flashover possibilities21
Cargo Liners
Airflow
Aluminum SkinThermal-acousticInsulationBatting
Sidewall Panel
Baseboard Return Air Grill
Floor PanelFloor Vent
Timothy R. Marker, 1999 (FAA)
Vulnerable Area during Cargo Fire
Cargo liners -- effective and practical burn-through barrier
Cheek area -- likely pathway for fire penetration
Cargo smoke detection -- decreased soot formation, high false detection rate
TR Marker, JW Reinhardt , “Water Spray as a Fire Suppression Agent for Aircraft Cargo Compartment Fires” Federal Aviation Administration, Report DOT/FAA/AR-TN01/1, June 2001.
Cargo Compartment
Ceiling Liners
Cabin Interior
Cabin Ceiling
Conditioned Air
Air Conditioning System
Seats
Outflow Valve
Cheek Area
Cargo
Compartment
Webster, H., “Fuselage Burnthrough From Large Exterior Fuel Fires,” Federal Aviation Administration, Report DOT/FAA/CT-90/10, July 1994. 22
76 kPa 46 kPa 30 kPa
Case-80-30
3 min 4 min 4.5 min 5 min
Flame Morphology
Panels Structural Variation under Fire
Dilation and Delamination
Comprised of fiberglass encased in film bagging 23
Flame Morphology and Post-fire Panels
Low pressure, wider dilation area and carbonization area
Low pressure, cargo liners burn through more easily
76 kPa 46 kPa30 kPa
Dilation area
Carbonization area
Dilation areaDilation area
76 kPa 46 kPa 30 kPa
Depressurization could not put out the flammable liquid fire, and
increases the potential burn through threat.
Post-fire Panel
24
Low Pressure Two-fluid Water Mist Water Mist Nozzle
Case 1 Case
2Case
3
Particle Size Distribution
N2
Water, 0.2 MPa, 180 ml/min
0.3 MPa 0.4 MPa 0.5 MPa
25
Smoke Permeate into Passenger Cabin
Air Crash Investigation, Getting Out Alive, S13E11, 2014
26
Cargo Smoke Detection
Halon Replacement: Onboard Water Mist System
Next Steps
Lithium Battery Thermal Runaway
MPS Fire Test Scenarios 27
28
Campus Safety
Background Analysis of Campus Safety
Hazard Vulnerability
Management
RISK
Natural disasters
Unsafe behaviors
Unsafe state
Unsafe environment
Resources
Training and drills
Rules and regulations
Organizational structure and competence
· · ·
Unsafe state
Equipment equipping
Monitoring system
Unit use and maintenance
Vulnerability of buildings
Material vulnerability
Vulnerability of operational system
Human vulnerability
29
Local Street office
Department of logistics management
Administration office
Property management company
Public security department
Laboratory and equipment
Information centre
Canteen service centre
Students' affairs office
Housing management service centre
30
"Information islands" joined together
Campus Safety Information Collection and Database
Campus Safety Information Collection and Database
Collect safety related information
Laboratory equipment
Campus facilities
Hazard Resourceprotection
9
Campus safety information
collection and database
Systematically review
campus risk and identify
the key problems
Establish monitoring and
warning system using
new technologies, e.g.,
video/camera, smart
phone, face/license plate
recognition system
Connect to the
neighborhood and to the
city
Establish campus safety
protection system 31
Campus security comprehensive
protection platform
Full control of the school situation
Fire extinguishing system
Information monitor and reporting system
IoTmonitor
voice call public opinion monitor
related organization
information system
crowds collect image and
report
security system
Videomonitoring
grid patrol
door access system
fire extinguishing mainframe
fire extinguishing water supply
monitoring system
Campus Safety Information Collection and Database
32
System Userage
school leadership
student and staff
safety grid manager
emergency response coordination
resource management
Enhanced public security
awareness
Easy access to security
information
Public safety knowledge training
Conveniently report security information
Intuitive understanding of campus operation
Quickly respond campus emergency decision
routine patrol
monitoring warning
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34
System Framework
Dynamic risk information collection
human
behaviour
monitor
hazard
factor
detection
environment
elements
monitor
logistic
equipment
monitor
Identification of risk assessment indexClassification of monitoring elementsSensors installation and deploymentInformation collection and access
risk identification and analysis
identification of campus security risk incident
complete rick index system construction
Campus risk prevention, control and emergency coordination platform
information integration and analysis technique
combination of IoT and GIS/BI
cross impact chain analysis
Real-time risk assessment and visualization
dynamic
risk
monitoring
multi-source information access technique
classification of monitoring information
multi-source heterogeneous information integration and
access
emergency coordination
emergency coordination and command
resource management and scheduling
situation comprehend
situation
of incident
analyzed
emergency
coordinati
on scheme
Campus BIM、GIS modeling
building
information
modelling
function
information
modelling
geographic
information
modelling
campus security platform front platform
System Framework
RFIDSatellite
positioning
Video
supervision
Infrared
sensing
Dangerous
chemicals
detection
Quick Mark
Grid
man
Sensing
means
outer netEducation
private netinternet wireless net satellite intranet
Basic GIS and a graph system
Three-dimensional visualization system
Smart firefighting subsystem
Risk prevention and warning subsystem
Operation management
and performance appraisal system
Campus emergency management
subsystem
Large screen PC Cellphone PAD Alarm terminal Broadcast
Sta
ndard
Specific
atio
n S
yste
m
Security
assu
rance sy
stem
Campus safety education training
subsystem
basic information
base
Data exchange and sharing platform
Sense
Spread
Know
Use
Web portals
Comprehensive information distribution subsystem
Mobile-
end
system
Central
terminal
Mobile
terminal
Geo-database
IoTdatabase
Event information
base
Component
information
base
Emergency knowledge
base
Case base
Security Resource
s base
Campus security comprehensive security and emergency command center
Campus security grid management
subsystem
Human and vehicle access management
subsystem
Hot zone comprehensive
control subsystem
Public opinion monitoring subsystem
Phase I
Phase II
Counter-terrorism subject
Major event protection
subject
Dangerous chemicals
subject
Experimental equipment
subject
interior andExterior
environmentComprehensive
security
Fire
monitoringschool staff
managed
object Underground
pipe network
……
Production
equipment
Integratedcontrol system
35
Targeting
· Initial objectives
· Latent objectives
· Target revising
Planning
· Risk/opportunity analyzing
· Objective setting
· Lessons learning
Scenario/Exercise
· Fit/gap analyzing
· Exercise testing
· Lessons learning
Internal/external assessment
· Planning
· Data collecting/analyzing
· Lessons learning
· Recommendations
Capability Assessment Report
Implementation
· Person preparation
· Material preparation
· Monetary preparation
· Implementation
New Mission
Mission
Plan Scenario/Exercise Gap/Improving steps Implementation
Scenario Development
37
Daily Supervision
Grid manager
Grid manager
Grid manager
Grid manager
Grid manager Grid manager
Grid manager
Grid manager
Grid manager
Daily inspection
Information collection
Information reporting
Instant sign in
Incident report
Mobile video
1538
Campus Security Comprehensive Protection Platform
Daily Supervision and Early Warning
50km/h Leave
On-campus speed monitoring
School teachers & students photo upload
**roadmanhole cover lost
Photo upload
Report
Repair
License plate recognitionLicense plate recognition
38
Campus Map
Important Event Management and Early Warning
Campus Traffic Network39
Emergency Management
Digital plan Information collection Resource scheduling Emergency coordination
Comprehensive managementInformation reception& report
Information statistics
Related plan
Implement campus emergency response
One-clickSMS, fax
Monitoring, early warning
and emergency coordination
platform
One-touch
calling
Video conference
40
Emergency Management
Live feedback (audio, video,
pictures)
Event information (Location, Disaster,
Measures Taken)
Monitoring information
(event progress)
Cellphone PADTelephon
eFax
Personnel monitoring
Equipment monitoring
Relevant leaders and responsible
persons
Verify the information, inform the emergency response team
One-touch calling, text messaging, fax
Telephoneconference
Videoconsultation
Emerg
ency
Emergencyinformation
Emergencydisposalscheme
On-site commandRescue
All stakeholders involved in emergency prevention and closed-loop information
Preplan automatic extraction
Remote power off, open
access control system
Information confirmation and prior disposal
Early warning information release (large screen mobile
broadcast, etc.)
Level confirmation
Command
Rescue
Protection
Accident type confirmation
Platform
system
41
Leadership special version
Information retrieval
Information collection
Information report
Gridman version
Campus Safety Information Client
Cellphone APP Info portalLeadership exclusive page
Tsinghua
******
Teachers&studentsupload photo
log in
P u b l i c v e r s i o n
Information retrievalInformationretrieval
Information collection
42
THANK YOU
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