CESSE Session 7: Adding Value to Your Publications Process

Institutional Identifiers in Practice

Christine Orr@chrissorr @ringgoldinc

16 July 2015

Today’s Agenda

1. Ringgold Introduction2. Entity Management: People, Places,

and Things3. Identifiers in the Scholarly Space4. Open Access Case Study5. Recommendations & Best Practices

Provide structured, authoritative data about two

entity types

Institutions

• Identify Database• Identify Audit Service: data

normalization• Consortia Directory Online

Scholarly Works

Books & ebooks: Abstracts and bibliographic data to drive discovery, purchase, and use

Ringgold’s Vision

A scholarly supply chain

where information and data

about subscribers, authors,

readers, and content is able

to flow easily and without

confusion. Trust in data

increases, and more

confident decisions can be

made.

Founded 2005

Identify & Ringgold ID:Broad Adoption by Publishers &

Intermediaries…

• Copyright Clearance Center – RightsLink for Open Access• Aries Editorial Manager• ScholarOne Manuscripts (coming soon)• ORCID – Identify used for institutional affiliation module• Advantage Computing Systems – multiple client integrations• SalesForce – multiple client integrations• 50+ scholarly publishers such as Elsevier, OUP, CUP,

ProQuest, PLOS, Sage, T&F, Wolters Kluwer, Kudos…

…and by Associations• AAAS• American Academy of Pediatrics• American Chemical Society• American College of Physicians• American Institute of Aeronautics

and Astronautics• American Institute of Physics• American Medical Association• American Psychological Association• American Society for Microbiology• American Society of Hematology• American Thoracic Society• ASTM International

• British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery

• Institute of Engineering and Technology (IET)

• IOP Publishing• Massachusetts Medical Society (NEJM)• Radiological Society of North America• RCN Publishing• The Royal Society• Royal Society of Chemistry• SAO/NASA Astrophysical Data System• Society for Exploration Geophysicists• Society for Neuroscience

ENTITY MANAGEMENT IN SCHOLARLY RESEARCH

People, Places, and Content

What do we need

to identify &

describe?

Authors, Members,

Editors, Readers, Researchers

Licensees, Publishers, Funders,

Intermediaries, Affiliations

Books, Journals, Articles, Grants, Citations

What are standard identifiers?• Numeric or alpha-numeric persistent designations associated

with a single entity• Entities can be an institution, person, or piece of content

Disambiguate aka enforce uniqueness

Institutions that have the same name, but are actually different…

Ringgold ID 1848Northeastern University (Boston,

USA)

Ringgold ID 12434Northeastern University (Shenyang, China)

Standard Identifiers contribute to interoperability*

*This means data that can be linked together through unambiguous identification and exchanged with others

GovernedTrustedTransparentAnd link to appropriate metadata

In order to be effective, identifiers must be:

What can high quality data help us to achieve?

Tactical support for day to day operations

Strategic planning

Develop new information

IDENTIFIERS: A SAMPLING

Differences in scope & purpose

Personal Identifiers

International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI) www.isni.org

Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID) www.orcid.org

And many proprietary IDs: Scopus Author ID - ElsevierResearcherID - Thomson Reuters

ORCID: Open Researcher & Contributor

ID

ISNI: International Standard Name Identifier

• ISO Standard 27729

• ISNI is designed to be a “bridge identifier” to join other data sets.

• Covers any type of entity that might appear in a library catalogue record: person or institution.

ISNI Number

Party ID 2Ringgold ID

Identify Metadata & Hierarchies

Proprietary Information

and/orMetadata

ISNI – Personal Record

Institutional Identifiers

• ISNI• Ringgold

Identifier• FundRef

ISNI – Institutional Record

Ringgold Identifier: Institutions currently active in the scholarly

supply chain

• Numerical ID applied to each record in the Identify Database

• Format is 4-6 digits• Created by Ringgold’s team of

researchers (manual process)• Global coverage• All sectors: .edu, .gov., .com, .org• All roles: licensees, publishers,

funders, intermediaries• 415K institutions and growing

Identify Database in 3:

Identifies unique institutions…..

Catalogs & describes each using Identify Data Elements

Current• Ringgold Identifier• Name: official & alternatives• Location• URL/domain• Size metrics• Tier assignments: JISC, Carnegie,

Ringgold• Authentication: Athens, IPs• Ringgold Type: sector & subject• Links: Hierarchical & consortia

• ISNI matched to each Identify record

• Expanded descriptive metadata: – Granular subjects– Reach, sites– Economic model, governance– Level within hierarchy– Mission, description– Activity status

Organizes them into hierarchies (aka “family trees”)

….of institutions

FundRef

IDENTIFIERS IN SUPPORT OF OPEN ACCESS

CCC’s RightsLink for Open Access

Challenge: Correct Application of APC Discounts / Waivers

• Multiple systems & data sources involved• Lack of standard references• Complex criteria + complex institutional

relationships

Solution: Get everyone speaking the same language

RightsLink for Open Access: Typical Workflow

Publisher

•Provides CCC a list of eligible institutions with Ringgold IDs, per Ringgold Identify Audit or CCC mapping

Author

•Chooses affiliation from Ringgold-enabled list via•MSS submission (Aries, ScholarOne) OR

•CCC RightsLink for Open Access

CCC

•Captures author affiliation and Ringgold ID

•Compares affiliation to list of eligible institutions using Ringgold IDs and hierarchies

•Calculates proper APC

Author view: CCC

Discounts can be triggered via Identify hierarchy or other metadata elements

• Correct APC discounts & waivers applied

• Publisher’s business rules supported

• Records enhanced with key metadata and Ringgold IDs

• Reporting fueled by accurate data

Elements of Best Practice at Work

Data integration & linking Free text entries for

affiliations are minimized in webforms

Single institutional authority file

Hierarchical links provide relational authority

Powers business intelligence

Free text is the death of good data

Individual + Institution IDs =

Benefits for Stakeholders

• Funders – Want to track areas of interest, identify worthwhile pursuits, and see where their money goes

• Institutions – Demonstrate research output more accurately and precisely describe the institution’s contribution and who is affiliated with that work

• Publishers – Facilitate transactions of all types from content discovery to delivery of author royalties. Improved market analysis and targeted advertising. Accurately deliver content, calculate APCs

• Societies – Understand their membership, total constituency, and institutional impact

RECOMMENDATIONS & CONSIDERATIONS

Practical advice about what to do when approaching identifiers

Recommendations

• Create the most complete metadata possible – for all entity types & roles

• Adhere to standards and identifiers which are broadly adopted (e.g. ORCID, ISBN, ISSN, DOIs, Ringgold ID, ISNI)

• Require authors & members to establish an ORCID profile

• Minimize manual entry of data• Improve data capture to require an ID

upon record creation

Considerations

• Which records & entities require IDs? – Old vs new

• How to apply them? – In-house resources required to join existing records to IDs or authority

file– Outside partners to help w metadata development, application of IDs,

data strategy

• How to leverage them?– New reporting & analysis tools to leverage newly linked datasets

THANK YOU

Christine OrrSales Director, North Americachristine.orr@ringgold.com Tel: 540.359.6620http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-3330

www.ringgold.com @ringgoldinc

Clean Data. Confident Decisions.