Instr 12107 Instrument Drawings and Documents

8/13/2019 Instr 12107 Instrument Drawings and Documents

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Module 12197-01----------------------

Instrument Drawings and Documents,

Part One


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COURSE MAP

This course map shows all of the modules in the first level of theInstrumentation curriculum. The suggested training order begins atthe bottom and proceeds up. Skill levels increase as advance on thecourse map. The local Training Program Sponsor may adjust thetraining order.

INSTRUMENTATION LEVEL ONE

Instrumentation Level OneTrainee !odule "#"$%

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MODULE 12107 CONTENTS

1.0.0 INTRODUCTION &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&'

2.0.0 INSTRUMENT SYMBOLS AND IDENTIFICATION&&&&&&&'

#.".$ Instrument Symbols

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. '#.#.$ Instrument Tag (umbers and Identification )bbreviations

Instrument *rawings and *ocuments+ Part OneTrainee !odule "#"$% 3


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&&&&&. %2.2.1 Area Designation in Tag Numbers&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. ,2.2.2 First Letters in Tag Numbers&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ,

2.2.3 Succeeding Letters in Tag Numbers&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. "$2.2.4 Loop Identification in Tag Numbers&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& "-#.-.$ raphic or Pictorial Instrument Symbols&&&&&&&&&&&&.."-#./.$ Line Symbols&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& "%

3.0.0 INSTRUMENT INDEX&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&... ",4.0.0 GENERAL INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATIONS&&&&&&&&&.. #"5.0.0 GENERAL NOTES AND DETAILS&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.. ##6.0.0 INSTALLATION DETAIL DRAWINGS&&&&&&&&&&&&... ##7.0.0 LOCATION DRAWINGS&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. #/.0.0 CONTROL LOOPS&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&... #'SUMMARY &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..

#0REVIEW !UESTIONS &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.

#%GLOSSARY &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.

-$REFERENCES &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..

-"


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Instrument Drawings and Documents,Part One

OB"ECTIVES

When you have completed this module, you will be able todo the following:

". Identify and describe standard Instrument Society of )merica1IS)2 instrument symbols and abbreviations.

#. 3ead and interpret instrument inde4es.-. 3ead and interpret general instrument specifications.

/. 3ead and interpret general notes and details included oninstrument drawings and documents.

'. 3ead and interpret installation detail drawings.0. 3ead and interpret location drawings.

P#$#$%&'(')$(

5efore you begin this module+ it is recommended that yousuccessfully complete the following modules6 7ore 7urriculum8Instrumentation Level One+ !odules "#"$" through "#"$0.

R$%&'#$* T#+',$$ M+)$#'+-(

". Pencil and paper#. )ppropriate personal protective e9uipment



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1.0.0 INTRODUCTION

The information needed to identify+ locate+ install+ repair+ maintain+and troubleshoot instrument systems and e9uipment is included inseveral types of drawings and documents. To safely and effectivelyperform 9uality instrument work+ you need to be able to read andunderstand these drawings and documents.

5eing able to 9uickly and effectively use instrument drawings anddocuments takes a combination of knowledge and on:the:jobe4perience. Those who master the art are valuable contributors tothe success of projects. This training module covers instrumentsymbols and abbreviations+ ',()+--+)'/, *$)+'- *#+',(-/+)'/, *#+',( general notes and details+ ',()#&$,)',*$$( and $,$#+- ',()#&$,) ($''+)'/,(. Later modulesin your training program will e4pand on what you learn in thisprogram.

2.0.0 INSTRUMENT SYMBOLS AND IDENTIFICATION

The Instrument Society of )merica 1IS)2 has established a standardset of symbols and identification techni9ues that are widely used forinstrument drawings and documents. IS) symbols+ abbreviations+and identification techni9ues are published in IS) Standard S'."+entitled Instrumentation Symbos and Identification. It is rec:ommended that you have a copy of this standard+ or access to it+ soyou can look up information that you may need when readinginstrument diagrams and documents.

;hile most companies use IS) standards as the basis for preparingtheir drawings and documents+ a company may make some


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modifications to satisfy particular needs. It is always important tomake sure that you understand the terminology+ symbols+ andabbreviations used in drawings and documents for each project.

2.1.0 I,()#&$,) S89/-(

) circle+ often called an instrument balloon or instrument bubble+has traditionally been used to represent an instrument on drawings.


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Figure 7ommon instrument symbols.

%omputer function $ )n action controlled by or performed by a

computer. Discrete instrument $ ) specific type of instrument such as a

pressure or temperature gauge. Distributed control system !D%S# $ ) functionally integrated

system that consists of subsystems which may be physicallyseparate and remotely located from one another.

Programmable ogic controer !&L%# $ ) controller+ usually withmultiple inputs and outputs+ that can be programmed to performa variety of functions.

S"ared contro $ ) single controller that can process information

from a number of different (/$(. !hared display " ) single display that can display information


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from a number of different sources.

;ith some practice reading and interpreting instrument symbols likethose shown in Figure 1' you should be able to identify severalimportant points about an instrument simply by looking at its

symbol.

E$#'($ O,$

!atch the type of instrument and?or function listed here to thecorrect symbol 1) through @2 shown in Figure 2.

". Symbol AAAAAAA identifies a discrete instrumentwith freeBeprotection.

#. Symbol AAAAAAA identifies a computer function in a primarylocation.

-. Symbol AAAAAAA identifies a discrete instrument mounted behindthe panel located in a central control room.

/. Symbol AAAAAAA identifies a '$-*:mounted discrete instrument.'. Symbol AAAAAAAidentifies a shared:display instrument mounted in

an au4iliary location.0. Symbol AAAAAAA identifies a field:mounted programmable logic

control function.%. Symbol AAAAAAA identifies a field:mounted shared control device.,. Symbol AAAAAAA identifies a distributed control system function

mounted in a primary location.

C. Symbol AAAAAAA identifies an instrument mounted behind a -/+-+,$-."$. Symbol AAAAAAA identifies an instrument that is measuring two

variables.

Figure # Symbols for D4ercise One

2.2.0 I,()#&$,) T+ N&9$#( +,* I*$,)''+)'/,A99#$:'+)'/,(

Instruments are identified on drawings and documents by

'*$,)''+)'/, ,&9$#( or tag numbers. Tag numbers consist ofnumbers and letters usually placed inside the instrument balloon.



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These numbers6

*esignate the plant area where the instrument is located Identify the function of the instrument Indicate the instrument loop in which the instrument is located

3egardless of how many instruments are used on a project+ eachwill have a different tag number. Figure 3 shows the place within aninstrument bal:loon where specific tag number information iscommonly placed.

2.2.1 Area Designation in Tag Numbers

;hen a project includes instruments in more than one building orarea+ the tag number may include an area designation number.Some companies place the area designation number above thefunctional identification number+ while others place it in front ofthe functional identification number 1prefi42 as shown in Figure 4.

Figure $ Placement of instrument tap numbers.

Figure % )rea designation in tag number.

If all the tag numbers for instruments on a drawing are located inthe same area+ the area number is often not included in theinstrument balloons on the drawing. In such cases+ a note is usuallyplaced on the drawing indicating that all tag numbers are precededby the same area number+ such as "#+ unless otherwise noted.

2.2.2 First Letters in Tag Numbers


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The first letter of the tag number identifies the measured orinitiating variable in the loop. =or e4ample+ in Figure (' the firstletters represent6 FEflow rate & E pressure or vacuum TEtemperature LElevel

The following is a list of letters commonly used as the first letter intag numbers to identify the measured or initiating variable in theloop in which the instrument is installed.

A:analysis ): burner+ combustion %: conductivity 1electrical2 or user>s choice D: density 1mass2 or specific gravity or user>s choice *:voltage F" flow rate + : gauging 1dimensional2 ,: hand 1manually initiated2 I: current 1electrical2 - : power : time+ time schedule L :level /: moisture or humidity or user>s choice N: user>s choice 0 : user>s choice &: pressure or vacuum : 9uantity or event : radiation or radioactivity S:speed or fre9uency

Figure & =irst letters in tag numbers.

T : temperature F : multi:variable G : vibration+ mechanical analysis 1also viscosity2



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; : weight or force H : unclassified : event+ state+ or presence J : position or dimension

N/)$Sometimes first:letter designations are modified to reflect the needsof a particular project. ou will need to check the -$$,* on theinstrument drawings and documents for each project to verify theuse of each first:letter designation for the instrument tag numbers.

The first letters %' D' /' N' and 0+ which are classified as usersc"oice' are normally used to identify unlisted measured or initiatingvariables that are used repetitively on a project. =or e4ample+ N thickness or 0 stress.

;hen user>s choice letters appear on instrument drawings for aproject+ their meanings are generally defined only once in thelegend to indicate how they are being used. ) user>s choice lettermay also have one meaning as a first letter and another meaning asa second letter. Their definitions as to position must be defined onthe drawings.

The first letter H+ which is designated as uncassified' is also used forunlisted measured or initiating variables. It is normally used only

once+ or to a limited e4tent+ to identify a particular variable.

The first letter H may also be used to identify a number of differentunlisted variables on instrument drawings for the same project.;hen the first letter H is used in this manner+ an e4planation of itsmeaning is generally defined on the drawing+ outside the taggingballoon.

2.2.3 Succeeding Letters in Tag Numbers

The succeeding letter or letters in a tag number 1letters that follow

the first letter in a tag number2 may have different functions ordesignations+ depending on their location in the tag number.(ormally the second letter in a tag number that only contains twoletters is used to identify the function of the instrument. =orinstance+ an instrument with a tag number of #$ P3 #-% wouldindicate that this instrument is a pressure instrument as indicatedby the letter P+ and its function is to record+ as indicated by thesecond letter+ 3. =or e4ample+ in Figure 5 the letter I in FI describesthe function of the flow instrument as indicating or indicator8however+ the letter I in &I% identifies the passive function of this

instrument as indicating or indicator+ while the letter 7 identifies theoutput function as control or controller. TTrepresents a temperature


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http://controller.tt/http://controller.tt/


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instrument 1first letter denotes process as temperature2 with thesecond letter T identifying the function as transmitting ortransmitter.

If the tag number contains more than two letters+ the second letter

may be used to modify or better define the first letter in the tagnumber+ or it may also identify the function of the instrument. Thethird letter may also denote function or it may modify or betterdescribe the second letter function. =or e4amples+ an instrumentwith a tag number of #$ P*T #-% would identify a Pressure*ifferential Transmitter. The second letter+ D' in this case modifiesor better describes the pressure instrument as a differentialpressure instrument. The third letter+ T+ in this case now describesthe function of the instrument as transmitting. In a situation wherean instrument has a tag lettering of P)L 1Pressure )larm Low2+ thesecond letter identifies the function of the instrument as an alarm+while the third letter modifies or better describes the second letterfunction as a low alarm.

Special tag numbers containing more than three letters may evenbe re9uired in certain installations to better identify or describe aninstrument in a loop+ but the succeeding letter designations shouldfollow the same general pattern as those tag numbers containingtwo or three letter designations. The grammatical form of thesucceedingletter definitions may be modified as needed. =ore4ample+ indicator may be applied as indicate or indicating' while

transmitter may be applied as transmit or transmitting.

Figure ' Succeeding letters in tag numbers.

Tabe I gives a list of letters that are typically used as succeedingletters in tag numbers. The columns in the table identify the usageof the letter depending on its location in the tag number. )s shown+the letter may have a different meaning depending on its location inthe tag number. 3emember+ process modifiers or descriptors aretypically found as the second letter in a tag number8 however+ thesecond letter may also describe a function of the instrument. The

third letter may identify a function of the instrument or it may be amodifier or descriptor of the function found in the second position.



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)lso note in Tabe 1 that the letters 5 and ( are designated as userchoices for functions or functions modifiers only.

;hen used as a first:letter modifier+ the letter S 1safety2 applies onlyto emergency protective #'+#8 $-$$,)( and emergency

protective final /,)#/- $-$$,)(. If the device is intended to pro:tect against emergency conditions+ the letter S is used to modify thefirst letter. This is true even if the normal function of the device isnot emergency protection. =or e4ample+ a pressure control valve1P7G2 which controls the flow of fluid in a system would bedesignated as PSG 1pressure safety valve2 if+ in addition to itscontrol function+ it was also intended to protect against emergencyconditions+ such as high pressure.

T+9-$ 1 7ommon *esignations for Tag (umber Succeeding Letters

S&$$*', L$))$#

F'#();L$))$#M/*''$#

R$+*/&)


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7hange2L Light 1Pilot2 Low! !omentary !iddle( FserKs 7hoice FserKs 7hoice FserKs

7hoiceO Orifice 3estrictionP Point 1Test

7onnection2M Integrate+

TotaliBe3 3ecord or PrintS Safety Switch

T TransmitF !ultifunction !ultifunction !ultifunctio

nG Galve+ *amper+

Louver; ;ellH H )4is Fnclassified Fnclassified Fnclassifie

d

)4is 3elay+ compute+or 7onvertJ J )4is *river+ )ctuator+

Fnclassified =inal7ontrol Dlement

N/)$Sometimes succeeding:letter designations are modified to reflectthe needss of a particular project. ou must check the legend onthe instrument drawings and documents for each project to verifythe designation of each succeeding letter used for the instrumenttag numbers.

Fser>s choice letters ) and N and unclassified letter H designationsfor succeeding letters on instrument drawings and documents areused in the same manner e4plained for first letters. Succeedingletters ) and N 1user>s choice2 are normally used to identify unlistedfunctions or modifiers that are used repetitively on a project. =ore4ample+ N oscilloscope. If used+ user>s choice letters may haveone meaning for a first letter and a different meaning for succeedingletters in the tag number. ;hen user>s choice letters appear oninstrument drawings for a project+ their meanings are generallydefined only once in the legend to indicate how they are being used.

The succeeding letter H+ which is designated as uncassified' is alsoused for unlisted modifiers or functions. It is normally used onlyonce+ or to a limited e4tent+ to identify a particular modifier orfunction. The succeeding letter H may also be used to identify anumber of different unlisted modifiers or functions on instrumentdrawings for the same project. ;hen the succeeding letter H is usedin this manner+ an e4planation of its meaning is generally definedne4t to each instrument symbol that it is being used to identify.

2.2.4 Loop Identification in Tag Numbers



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)n instrument loop consists of one or more interconnectedinstruments arranged to measure and?or control a process variable.

To identify all instruments in a particular loop+ a loop identificationnumber is assigned. This loop number becomes part of the tagnumber.

Loop numbering may be parallel or serial. In parallel numbering+instrument numbering involves starting a numerical se9uence foreach new first letter8 for e4ample+ TI7:#$$+ =37:#$$+ or LI7:#$$. Inserial numbering+ instrument numbering can be set up using asingle se9uence of numbers for a project or for relatively large sec:tions of a project+ regardless of the first:letter of the loopidentification+ for e4ample+ TI7:#$$+ =37:#$"+ LI7:#$#+ etc. Figure 6shows a typical instrument loop using parallel tag numbers for eachinstrument.

If more than one of a similar type instrument is used in a loop+ asuffi4 letter is added at the end of the loop number of each similarinstrument as shown in Figure 7.

Figure ( Loop identification numbers.

Figure ) Suffi4 letter in loop number.

2.3.0 G#+=' /# P')/#'+- I,()#&$,) S89/-(

In addition to general instrument symbols that appear on drawings+numerous graphic or pictorial instrument symbols are also used torepresent specific types of e9uipment or devices. ;ith practice+ youwill learn to recogniBe graphic or pictorial instrument symbols whenreading drawings. The most commonly used graphic or pictorial


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instrument symbols are shown in Figure 8. (ote that the slashesshown on the signal lines for some symbols represent the type ofsignal line+ such as electric or pneumatic. Signal lines are coveredlater in this section.

Figure * Instrument symbols 1" of /2



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Figure * Instrument symbols 1# of /2


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Figure * Instrument symbols 1- of /2



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M'($--+,$/&( P#'+#8 E-$$,) S89/-(

Figure * Instrument symbols 1/ of /2

2.4.0 L',$ S89/-(

There are several types of line symbols used on instrumentdrawings. They identify such things as process piping+ processconnections+ and signal lines. Process piping lines are usually darkand bold as shown in Figure 19.

Process piping lines represent the piping that carries workingprocess fluids such as steam+ water+ or gases. )lso shown in Figure"$ is a process connection line. Process connection lines are finelines used to represent different types of connections such asmechanical links between two parts of an instrument system+ aconnection between an instrument and the process+ or a connectionindicating the supply line to an instrument.


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Figure + Process piping and connection lines.

=or an instrument system to function+ different types of signals aresent from one instrument to another. Figure 11 shows the symbolsfor common types of instrument signal lines.

3.0.0 INSTRUMENT INDEX

The instrument inde4 !Figure 12# is one of the most used and mostimportant documents in instrumentation. It lists every instrument

used on a project by tag number. It also provides a means to locaterelated drawings and documents containing information needed forinstallation+ service+ troubleshooting+ or maintenance ofinstruments. ;ithout an instrument inde4+ locating the informationneeded to do instrumentation work would be difficult.



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Figure Symbols for instrument signal lines.

In addition to listing all the instruments used for a project by tagnumber+ a typical instrument inde4 includes information such as thefollowing6 Instrument service function Location !anufacturer Specification sheet number PNI* number Loop diagram number Location and routing or panel drawing number Installation detail drawing number

P'', *#+', number Dlectrical drawing number Gendor drawing number (otes relating to each instrument

ou may use an instrument inde4 often in your work+ so becomefamiliar with how it is organiBed for each project. It is an importantdocument that you will use to identify instruments+ locate instru:ments+ find appropriate drawings+ identify specifications+ referencedocuments+ and find other information relating to specificinstruments used on a project.

The following is an e4planation of the information included in each


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of the columns on the sample instrument inde4.

Tag no. $ Lists the tag number for every instrument used on the

project.

Ser:ice $ Identifies the instrument and the type of process in whichit is being used.

Location $ Lists the code describing where the instrument isinstalled. ) location legend is sometimes included at the bottom ofeach page of the instrument inde4.

Figure # D4ample of an instrument inde4.

/F $ Identifies the manufacturer of the instrument.

Spec s"eet no. $ Identifies the specification sheet number for theinstrument that describes the physical characteristics of theinstrument. Some instruments do not have a specification sheet.

&;ID no. $ Identifies the '', +,* ',()#&$,) *#+', numberon which the instrument appears.

Loop s"eet d


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Location and routing or pane d


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7ontrol valves are to be located at grade. Pressure gauge connections to piping and e9uipment will be /:

inch threadolet or sockolet. Temperature instrument connections to piping and e9uipment

will be " inch threadolets. ;hen the flow sheet calls for a flanged

connection+ it will be inch:long welding neck. The instrumentdepartment will purchase the companion flange with thethermowell welded in. The piping department will supply the boltsand gaskets.

The minimum re9uirement for meter runs for orifice flanges willbe computed according to )merican as )ssociation 1))2standards. ) $.%':diameter ratio will be used for determining theupstream and downstream straight pipe re9uirements.

Orifice flange taps will be vertical for vapor service and horiBontalfor li9uid service. Taps can be /' degrees to the vertical. Piping

will furnish the two valves and nipples connected to the orificeflange. These valves will not show on the piping plans andelevations+ but will show on the isometric drawings.

Instruments shall be located so as to be accessible for repair+calibration+ and adjustment from the ground or permanent ladderor platform. It is not intended that this re9uirement apply totransmitters close coupled to the points of measurement.

;herever possible+ locally mounted instruments shall bemounted at appro4imately / feet 0 inches above the floor+

ground+ or platform in an accessible and visible position.

N/)$)lways consult the general instrument specifications for yourspecific project.

5.0.0 GENERAL NOTES AND DETAILS

(otes and details are included on most instrument drawings toprovide special information or directions about the process orinstruments in the drawings. ou need to pay close attention to thenotes or details appearing on any drawing. This information is oftenvital to the safe and successful completion of the work. Sometimesnotes and details are included in a special section of a drawing+ orthey may be presented on the drawing itself.

6.0.0 INSTALLATION DETAIL DRAWINGS

Installation detail drawings !Figure "-2 provide the information andre9uirements for proper mounting of an instrument+ connecting theinstrument to the process+ and?or positioning the instrument for

correct operation. Installation detail drawings usually include amaterials list that describes items and parts needed to install the



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instrument. These items may include tubing+ fittings+ bolts+ andflanges.

ou can use an installation detail drawing to determine the positionof the instrument in reference to the process line+ such as mounted

above or below the process line+ or to find any special instructionsrelated to the installation. (otes included on installation detaildrawings present any special information or directions for installingthe instrument. ) list of reference drawings and documents relatingto the instrument or any installation specifications may also belisted on an installation detail drawing.

The callout numbers on installation detail drawings relate to thenumbered items on the materials list. =or e4ample+ in Figure 13'callout (o. # refers to item (o. # on the materials list. In thise4ample+ there are two stainless steel+ compression:type+ teefittings 1siBe : inch2 used to make these connections.

The notes and references on installation detail drawings and otherdrawings provide important information. =or e4ample+ (ote " inFigure 13 describes the correct position for mounting thetransmitter 1below the flow $-$$,)>.

3eferences listed on installation detail drawings allow you to locateapplicable drawings and documents that may be needed during theinstallation of the instrument.

If additional information is needed+ you should also check theinstrument inde4 for the specific tag number of the instrument orthe general instrument specifications for the project.


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Figure $ Instrument installatin drawing.



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7.0.0 LOCATION DRAWINGS

=inding the e4act location where an instrument is to be installedmay re9uire that you look at several different drawings anddocuments. ) location drawing+ sometimes referred to as a location

and routing drawing+ is helpful in determining where an instrumentis to be installed. Location drawings may show where an instrumenttap should be located in the process piping or the location of thevessel on which the instrument is to be mounted.


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Figure % Location drawing.

.0.0 CONTROL LOOPS

) control loop is a combination of two or more instruments orcontrol functions arranged so that signals pass from one to anotherfor the purpose of measurement or control of a process variable.

The top of Figure "' shows a block diagram of a control loop. Thebottom of the figure shows the same control loop as it might bedrawn on a loop drawing for a specific facility. =or the control loopshown+ the flow in the process line is the measured and controlledproperty.

There are four instruments or control functions in the control loop



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shown. The primary element represents an orifice plate 1=D#2mounted in the process line downstream from the flow control valve1=D#2. =D# provides the input to a flow transformer 1=T#2 thatcontrols the signal to control valve =G# according to a desired setpoint on the controller 1=I7#2. =G# operates to regulate the flow in

the process line+ which is again monitored and measured by =D#+which continues to supply the loop. This arrangement is referred toas a feedback loop since all four devices in the loop depend on thepreceding device in the loop for feedback 1information2 to allow it tofunction. (otice that controller =I7# is the only discreet instrumentlocated in a primary location+ probably in the control room.

Figure & D4ample of a typical feedback control loop.

S&+#8

In this training module+ you were introduced to the following6 Instrument symbols and abbreviations Instrument inde4es


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eneral instrument specifications eneral notes and details that appear on drawings and indocuments Installation detail drawings Location drawings Loop drawings

These drawings and documents+ along with others that will becovered in later modules+ provide information needed to performsafe and high 9uality instrument work. In your day:to:day activities+take time to analyBe the drawings for each project. It takes practice+study+ and plenty of on:the:job e4perience to be able to effectivelyread and interpret all of the drawings and documents related toinstrument work.

R$:'$ !&$()'/,(

". The organiBation that established a standard set of symbols andidentification techni9ues that are widely used for instrumentdrawings and documents isa. )(SIb. S)Dc. IS)d. )SID

#. ) single solid line drawn through the instrument balloonindicates that AAAAAAA.

a. the instrument is in a primary location+ normally accessible tothe operator

b. the instrument is mounted in an au4iliary location+ normallyaccessible to the operator

c. the instrument is field:mounted+ near the point ofmeasurement or a final control element

d. the instrument accepts a digital input signal

-. ) programmable logic controller 1PL72 and a AAAAAAAAA sharethe same instrument symbol+ which is a he4agon.a. shared control device 1S7*2b. distributed control system 1*7S2c. motoriBed control valve 1!7G2d. self:contained pressure regulator 1SP32

/. )1n2AAAAAletter may have one meaning as a first letter andanother meaning as a second letter.a. user>s choiceb. unclassifiedc. safetyd. succeeding

'. If the first letter of the tag number for all the instruments in a



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loop is =+ the measured or initiating variable is AAAAAA.a. burner flameb. pressurec. temperatured. flow rate

0. ) succeeding letter I may be defined as all of the followinge>cepta. indicateb. indicatorc. indicatingd. inversing

%. ;hen used as a first:letter modifier+ the letterAAAAAAAAappliesonly to emergency protective elements and emergencyprotective final control elements.a. Db. Pc. Td. S

,. Sometimes succeeding:letter designations are modified toreflect thea. needs of a particular projectb. choices of the installer

c. e9uipment manufacturerd. international standards

C. Loop numbering may be parallel or

a. randomb. selectivec. optionald. serial

"$. ) primary flow element symbol that looks like a s9uare bo4with an inverted L in it is used to represent a AAAAAA.

a. flow noBBleb. pitot tubec. vorte4 sensord. venturi tube

"". The instrument signal line symbol that consists of a singlesolid line with Ls drawn through it represents a1n2AAAAAAAsignal.a. pneumaticb. hydraulicc. internal system link 1software or data link2

d. electric


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"#. AAAA lines represent the piping that carries working processfluids.a. 7apillary tubeb. Pneumatic binaryc. Process piping

d. Signal

"-. AAAAAsignal line symbols have groups of three slashes across themain line.a. Processb. Pneumaticsc. Dlectricd.


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"C. The elevation at which an instrument is to be installed is likelyto be found on the AAAAAAAAa. loop sheetb. location drawing

c. PNI*d. instrument inde4

#$. ) drawing that illustrates the interconnection of devices fromthe primary element in the field+ to the board:mountedinstruments on the control panel+ to the final control devices iscalled a1n2AAAAAAA.a. instrument inde4b. location drawingc. detail drawingd. loop drawing

rade erms Introduced in his -odule

Balloon: The circular symbol used to denote and identify thepurpose of an instrument or function. It may contain a tagnumber. )lso referred to as a bubbe.

Behind the panel: ) term applied to a location containing theinstrument panel and its associated rack:mounted hardware.

These devices can either be behind the panel+ enclosed within thepanel+ or both. *evices mounted behind the panel are notnormally accessible for the operator>s use. )lso referred to as

be"ind t"e board.Board: ) structure that has a group of instruments mounted on it.)lso referred to aspane.

Digital: ) term applied to a signal or device that uses binary 1$+"2digits to represent continuous values or discrete states.

Distributed control system !D%S#@ ) functionally integratedsystem that consists of subsystems which may be physicallyseparate and remotely located from one another.

.lement: ) component of a device or system.Field:The location of an instrument that is neither in nor on a panel

or console+ nor is it mounted in a control room. Local or field

instruments are commonly in the vicinity of the primary elementor final control element. )lso referred to as oca.


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Final control element:The device that directly changes the valueof the manipulated variable of a control loop. ) control valve isoften the final control element in a loop.

Function:The purpose of+ or an action performed by+ a device./eneral instrument specifications: ) written description of the

general criteria for installing instruments for a particular project.Identification number:The se9uence of letters or digits+ or both+

used to designate an individual instrument and?or loop. )lsoreferred to as tag number.

Initiating variable: ) 9uantity+ property+ or condition that ismeasured 1such as temperature+ pressure+ flow+ etc.2. )lsoreferred to as measured :ariabe.

Installation detail drawing: ) drawing that shows how a device ismechanically installed+ and includes a materials list.

Instrument Inde0: ) document that lists all pertinent informationregarding each separate instrument on a project by tag number.It is also a directory for locating the necessary drawings anddocuments associated with each instrument.

Instrument specification sheet: ) document that outlines thefunctional and process re9uirements of an instrument along withphysical and chemical specifications.

1egend: ) section of a drawing that provides e4planatoryinformation such as lists of symbols+ abbreviations+ locationcodes+ and other designations used on the drawing.

1ocal panel: ) panel that is not a central or main panel. Localpanels are commonly in the vicinity of plant sub:systems or sub:

areas.1ocation drawing: ) drawing showing general locations of

instruments in relation to physical plant layouts. Sometimes usedto route wire and other utilities to the general area of the plant.Fsually includes elevation+ column grid line coordinates+ and(orth orientation. )lso referred to as ocation and routingdra


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Piping and instrument drawing: ) detailed drawing that showse9uipment+ piping+ and instrumentation re9uired on a project.)lso referred to as &;ID' &;I dra


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3dditional 4esources

This module is intended to present thorough resources for tasktraining. The following reference works are suggested for further

study. These are optional materials for continued education ratherthan for task training.

ISA Standards. 3esearch Triangle Park+ (76 Instrument Society of)merica. IS) Standard S(.1 $ Instrumentation Symbos and Identification IS) Standard S'.# : )inary Logic Diagrams for &rocess 0perations IS) Standard S'.- : +rap"ic Symbos for Distributed %ontro

S"ared Dispay Instrumentation' Logic' and %omputer Systems IS) Standard S'./ : Instrument Loop Diagrams IS) Standard S'"." : &rocess Instrumentation Terminoogy

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