2. Definition Instructional design is define basically as the
person who teaches, designs or develops instructions. Instructional
designers use abstract tools and physical tools to create
instructions for educators, hospitals, military installations,
businesses, and to train others.
3. Models Researched ARCS Dick and Carey Models
4. ARCS Model
5. ARCS Model Description It was created by John Keller and was
used to help educators by guiding and analyzing the concepts, and
designing different strategies to help and motivate the learners
out.
6. ARCS Brief History Before ARCS Model was made, there was no
instruction for educators on how to motivate the student nor a
method or model to follow. Educators were not motivating their
students enough nor was there instructional design tools or
programs for it. John Keller, who was an Educational Researcher
from Florida, took the task to research and develop a model for
educators to enhance the motivation of their learners.
7. How is ARCS Used ARCS model is used by assisting
instructional designers or educators with their objective lessons
by developing activities and use of strategies as a guide to teach
or motivate their learners to promote learning. ARCS model is
divided into 4 steps: Attention Relevance Confidence
Satisfaction
8. ARCS Model - Attention Is a strategy to help the learner by
giving them different activities to keep them interested. Attention
methods can be from giving specific examples, up to putting them in
group work to do the activity.
9. ARCS Model - Relevance Is a strategy to help the learner by
telling them the benefits that can be gained if they do the
activity, and how it will help them in their daily lives.
10. ARCS Model - Confidence Is a strategy to help the learner
or motivate them to what they will expect from doing this activity.
By giving them an objective or benefit to pursue, the learner will
have the desire to want to study.
11. ARCS Model - Satisfaction Is a strategy to help the learner
by giving them the experience of this activity once they are
done.
12. ACRS Model Strength & Weakness Strengths: Model is easy
to follow. Enough time to complete student research and to have
student complete the assignment. Allows the learner to choose the
material to learn and the teachers to help out if they have
problems. Teacher s accountability.
13. ARCS Model Strength & Weakness Weakness: The attendants
who are the people youre trying to teach. If the teacher does not
know who the audience is then its going to be difficult to grasp
their attention. This by itself is very important factor because
without motivation there is no interest. Teacher traits if the
teacher is willingly to help these students with the subject. In
order for a teacher to motivate the student, they must be creative
with the subject. Financial constraints if there is no money to pay
the teacher or the educator to teach the student. In other words,
to be able to help the educator to teach the student they need to
have money to pay the teacher to do so.
14. Dick and Carey Model
15. Dick and Carey Model Brief HistorySince 1968, several
versions of Dick and Carey model has beendeveloped. As years
passed, this model has been modify so it canbe used in businesses,
and industry related jobs. In 1996, themodel of Dick and Carey
changed once again with somemodifications that helped with
procedures and concepts of themodel. Now days, parts of Dick and
Carey model is still used andhas helped shape another model like
Kirkpatrick model. Howeverin spite of that, instructional design
and educators teaches Dickand Carey along with ADDIE, ARCS, and
other models to designersand educators among others today.
16. Dick and Carey Model Description Dick and Carey model can
be described as an organized model. It gives educators or designers
step-by-step instructions of what the purpose of their objective
is, and the learners to learn up to the end-result.
17. Dick and Carey Model Nine Stages
18. How Dick and Carey Model is Used Dick and Carey Model is
used by nine stages: Stage I: Identify instructional goals What is
the purpose of this goal? What do you want the learner to
accomplish when they reached their objective goal. Stage II:
Conduct instructional analysis Provide the learner a systematic
process on how to reach the desire goal, and give out the knowledge
or skills they need to achieve the goal.
19. How the Dick & Carey Model is Used (Cont) Stage III:
Analyze learners and contexts Find out the strength and skills of
the learner on the topic. Also, find out what is the learners
approach to the topic and the attitude towards the topic. Stage IV:
Write performance objectives You want to write a goal objective so
the learner can know what he/she is supposed to reach at the end of
their objective goal.
20. How the Dick & Carey Model is Used (Cont) Stage V:
Develop assessment instruments. You want to create an assessment or
test that goes with the goal of the objective. This will
demonstrate if your lesson plans objective has been achieved. Stage
VI: Develop instructional strategy. You want to create a strategy
on how to teach it in order for the learner to reach their goal
objective. You can teach it by demonstrating how to do it and have
the learner follow, etc.
21. How the Dick & Carey Model is Used (Cont) Stage VII:
Develop and select instruction What are the best materials needed
to accomplish the objective goal. Stage VIII: Design and conduct a
formative evaluation Use collected information that was used
previously, so you can improve the instruction objective.
Basically, you are evaluating your instruction to see if it is
going to work while doing it.
22. How the Dick & Carey Model is Used (Cont) Stage IX:
Revised instruction If you need to change your instruction in order
for the learner to reach their goal more effectively. Stage X:
Design and Conduct a Summative Evaluation Did the instruction of
the goal objective work? Basically, youre trying to see if your
objective goal work and can the learner do the same objective goal
later after completed it.
23. Dick and Carey Model Strength & Weakness Strengths:
This model gives a lot of planning of the objectives, so the
learner can complete it successfully. The model works as a whole.
The educator needs to do all the stages in order for the objective
goal to work. This model can be used with either large or small
audience and can be taught to any person.
24. Dick and Carey Model Strength & Weakness Weakness: This
model gives a lot of emphasis on the objective or instruction on
how to reach the goal, and planning the objective to reach that
goal. Another weakness of this model is that you need time to
complete each stage and have good coordination in order to be
successful.
25. Comparison and Contrast of Both Models
26. Compare and Contrast of Both Models Comparison: Both models
need to have an audience to work. Both models use objective plan
for the students to learn. Both models have different steps to
follow in order to achieve the final goal. Both models need time to
assess their processes in order to see if they work properly. Both
models need the student to be motivated in order to be successful.
Both models instruct the learner what to expect at the end of the
lesson. Both models need an instructor to teach the lesson for the
model to work. Both models require the learner to achieve the
intended goal and end experience. Both models give the learner the
experience to learn from the lesson.
27. Compare and Contrast of Both Models Contrast: ARCS model is
used to motivate the learners contrary to the Dick and Carey Model
that is used for organizing your objective, so the learner reaches
its goals. Time is a primary factor for both models; but the Dick
and Carey Model seems to have more steps to follow in order to
complete the lesson plan objective properly. ARCS model is very
clear to follow on the contrary of Dick and Carey which is more
complex to understand because of the many steps to follow. In ARCS
model the teacher personality is a big factor for the student to
learn the subject while the Dick and Carey model is the student own
desire to learn. In ARCS model, not having the finance to pay a
teacher to teach or motivate the learner can be a issue, but not
with Dick and Carey Model.