Instructional Focus Document Notes Grade 8/Social Studies UNIT: 03 TITLE: American Revolution Part...

Instructional Focus Document Instructional Focus Document NotesNotes

Grade 8/Social StudiesGrade 8/Social StudiesUNIT: 03 TITLE: American RevolutionUNIT: 03 TITLE: American RevolutionPart 1: British Restrictions and Colonial Part 1: British Restrictions and Colonial

ProtestProtestCause & EffectCause & Effect

Pontiac’s RebellionPontiac’s Rebellion

ExplanationExplanation

Pontiac, chief of the Ottawa did not Pontiac, chief of the Ottawa did not recognize the Treaty of Paris 1763, and recognize the Treaty of Paris 1763, and tried to drive settlers out. tried to drive settlers out.

CauseCause

Settlers moving into the areas that the Settlers moving into the areas that the French had surrendered in the Treaty of French had surrendered in the Treaty of Paris 1763. Paris 1763.

EffectEffect

British crushed the rebellion, and issued British crushed the rebellion, and issued the Proclamation of 1763. the Proclamation of 1763.

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763


Decision by the British to close off the area Decision by the British to close off the area west of the Appalachian Mountains to west of the Appalachian Mountains to settlement. No one could purchase lands.settlement. No one could purchase lands.

CauseCause

Pontiac’s Rebellion showed that it would Pontiac’s Rebellion showed that it would be too costly to protect such a large area. be too costly to protect such a large area. It was designed to protect the colonistsIt was designed to protect the colonists

EffectEffect

Colonists became angry because they felt Colonists became angry because they felt their government was holding back what their government was holding back what they rightfully won. they rightfully won.

Sugar ActSugar Act


Items like sugar, molasses, coffee and Items like sugar, molasses, coffee and other products were taxed before they other products were taxed before they could enter the colonies.could enter the colonies.

CauseCause

Parliament (The governing body of Great Parliament (The governing body of Great Britain) needed to raise money to run the Britain) needed to raise money to run the colonies, so it began to tax the colonists. colonies, so it began to tax the colonists.

EffectEffect

Colonists did not want to pay new taxes to Colonists did not want to pay new taxes to Parliament. They complained. They Parliament. They complained. They claimed that it claimed that it was was “Taxation without “Taxation without representation!”representation!”

Stamp ActStamp Act


A law passed in 1765 which taxed all A law passed in 1765 which taxed all printed material. Newspapers, land printed material. Newspapers, land ordinances, marriage licenses, playing ordinances, marriage licenses, playing cards, etc. cards, etc.

Stamps had to purchased and applied to Stamps had to purchased and applied to the product before it could be sold. the product before it could be sold.

CauseCause

Since there were little more than Since there were little more than complaints over the Sugar Act and complaints over the Sugar Act and Parliament still needed more money due Parliament still needed more money due to the high debt Britain ran up when to the high debt Britain ran up when fighting the French and Indiansfighting the French and Indians

EffectEffect

Colonists were outraged. They formed the Colonists were outraged. They formed the Stamp Act Congress and passed 14 Stamp Act Congress and passed 14 resolutions in opposition to the Stamp Act. resolutions in opposition to the Stamp Act.

Sons of Liberty began to organize.Sons of Liberty began to organize.

Riots began to occur throughout the Riots began to occur throughout the colonies and colonists refused to buy colonies and colonists refused to buy anything from England until the law was anything from England until the law was repealed. (Boycott)repealed. (Boycott)

Declaratory ActDeclaratory Act


A statement that claimed that the colonies A statement that claimed that the colonies were subordinate to Parliament. were subordinate to Parliament.

Parliament could pass any law it wanted.Parliament could pass any law it wanted.

CauseCause

Due to the repeal of the Stamp Act, which Due to the repeal of the Stamp Act, which seemed like a surrender to colonists seemed like a surrender to colonists demands. demands.

EffectEffect

Colonists mostly ignored the statement, Colonists mostly ignored the statement, but it set the stage for further conflict. but it set the stage for further conflict.

Townshend ActsTownshend Acts


Indirect taxes placed on goods that made Indirect taxes placed on goods that made the prices much higher.the prices much higher.

CauseCause

Since colonists felt that direct taxes were Since colonists felt that direct taxes were beyond Parliament’s authority, Parliament beyond Parliament’s authority, Parliament issued out issued out indirectindirect taxes. taxes.

EffectEffect

Colonists organized a boycott and sent out Colonists organized a boycott and sent out a circular letter to all the colonies urging a circular letter to all the colonies urging them to boycott British goods as well. them to boycott British goods as well.

British minister Hillsborough moved two British minister Hillsborough moved two regiments of British soldiers into Bostonregiments of British soldiers into Boston

Boston MassacreBoston Massacre


An angry mob taunted a squad of soldiers An angry mob taunted a squad of soldiers who were guarding the customs house. who were guarding the customs house.

British soldiers fired into the crowd.British soldiers fired into the crowd.

CauseCause

The mob was filled with mostly drunks who The mob was filled with mostly drunks who were looking for a fight.were looking for a fight.

They began throwing balls of ice and rocks They began throwing balls of ice and rocks at the soldiersat the soldiers

EffectEffect

The soldiers were arrested and put on The soldiers were arrested and put on trial.trial.

Many people now did not trust the soldiers Many people now did not trust the soldiers of Britain.of Britain.

Some radicals even began to hint at Some radicals even began to hint at independence. independence.

Tea ActTea Act


Parliament granted the East India Tea Parliament granted the East India Tea Company total control of the tea market in Company total control of the tea market in the colonies.the colonies.

Taxes were placed on the tea, even Taxes were placed on the tea, even though…though…

Prices on tea fell.Prices on tea fell.

CauseCause

The East India Tea Company had gone The East India Tea Company had gone bankrupt and needed financial help, so bankrupt and needed financial help, so Parliament decided to help them by Parliament decided to help them by making them the sole tea company. making them the sole tea company.

EffectEffect

Colonists were angered and colonial Colonists were angered and colonial merchants were hurt financially since the merchants were hurt financially since the monopoly created by Parliament was monopoly created by Parliament was taking away all the business and money.taking away all the business and money.

Boston Tea Party was the result. Boston Tea Party was the result.

Though the tax was low, Colonists still had Though the tax was low, Colonists still had no say on taxes being placed on themno say on taxes being placed on them

Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party


Several colonists and members of the Several colonists and members of the Sons of Liberty disguised as Mohawk Sons of Liberty disguised as Mohawk Indians snuck aboard several ships and Indians snuck aboard several ships and dumped the tea into the harbor.dumped the tea into the harbor.

This action was an example of Civil This action was an example of Civil Disobedience.Disobedience.

CauseCause

The Tea Act which had driven money The Tea Act which had driven money away from local merchants and shippers.away from local merchants and shippers.

EffectEffect

About 15,000 pounds worth of tea was About 15,000 pounds worth of tea was destroyed. destroyed.

England became enragedEngland became enraged

Parliament began to pass punishing acts Parliament began to pass punishing acts to force the colonists to pay for the tea. to force the colonists to pay for the tea.

Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)


A series of laws that were passed by A series of laws that were passed by Parliament, designed to punish the Parliament, designed to punish the colonies for the Boston Tea Party. colonies for the Boston Tea Party.

They included the Boston Port Act, They included the Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Governing Act, Quartering Massachusetts Governing Act, Quartering Act, and the restriction on the right to Act, and the restriction on the right to assembly.assembly.

CauseCause

The Boston Tea Party proved that the The Boston Tea Party proved that the colonists needed to be controlled.colonists needed to be controlled.

Parliament decided to pass laws that Parliament decided to pass laws that would limit the colonists’ freedoms. would limit the colonists’ freedoms.

EffectEffect

Many people became frightened.Many people became frightened.

Even those who had disagreed with the Even those who had disagreed with the Boston Tea Party felt that Parliament had Boston Tea Party felt that Parliament had gone too far.gone too far.

Delegates from all of the colonies (except Delegates from all of the colonies (except Georgia) met at the First Continental Georgia) met at the First Continental Congress to decide action. Congress to decide action.

First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress


A group of delegates from all the colonies A group of delegates from all the colonies (except Georgia) met in Philadelphia to (except Georgia) met in Philadelphia to discuss the harsh British acts.discuss the harsh British acts.

CauseCause

The Coercive Acts had frightened the The Coercive Acts had frightened the colonists into taking some kind of action to colonists into taking some kind of action to protect themselves from further restrictions protect themselves from further restrictions and acts. and acts.

EffectEffect

The Congress condemned the “Intolerable The Congress condemned the “Intolerable Acts” (Coercive Acts)Acts” (Coercive Acts)

They passed resolutions that repealed They passed resolutions that repealed many British laws.many British laws.

They attacked the policy of maintaining an They attacked the policy of maintaining an army during peace time.army during peace time.

They enforced a ban on all British imports.They enforced a ban on all British imports.

Part 2: Declaring Independence and the Part 2: Declaring Independence and the American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

American Colonists had American Colonists had always enjoyed a sense always enjoyed a sense of independence because of independence because the British usually left the British usually left them alone.them alone.

The enlightenment had The enlightenment had helped spread new ideas, helped spread new ideas, new philosophies, and new philosophies, and new political thought. new political thought.

The American Colonists had always resented The American Colonists had always resented England’s policy of MercantilismEngland’s policy of Mercantilism and how they and how they used it to exploit the colonies in order to become used it to exploit the colonies in order to become wealthy with a favorable balance of trade to wealthy with a favorable balance of trade to other European countriesother European countriesWith the British clamping down on many of the With the British clamping down on many of the Colonists’ previous freedoms, they had Colonists’ previous freedoms, they had expanded the already existing gap between the expanded the already existing gap between the Colonists and mother England.Colonists and mother England.When the British had outlawed the meeting of When the British had outlawed the meeting of assemblies, the Colonial legislatures (law assemblies, the Colonial legislatures (law makers) could no longer meet and keep affairs makers) could no longer meet and keep affairs in order. This gave rise to more extreme groups in order. This gave rise to more extreme groups known as the Patriots. known as the Patriots.

Radical and Moderate PatriotsRadical and Moderate Patriots

Patriots began spreading word of independence Patriots began spreading word of independence throughout the colonies trying to persuade all throughout the colonies trying to persuade all the colonists to their viewthe colonists to their view

Moderate Patriots wanted a peaceful resolution Moderate Patriots wanted a peaceful resolution between England and the Colonies. (Thomas between England and the Colonies. (Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Ben Franklin)Jefferson, John Adams, Ben Franklin)

Radical Patriots wanted immediate Radical Patriots wanted immediate independence at any cost. (Sam Adams, John independence at any cost. (Sam Adams, John Hancock, Paul Revere)Hancock, Paul Revere)

Moderate PatriotsModerate Patriots((Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Ben Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Ben

Franklin)Franklin)

Radical PatriotsRadical Patriots((Sam Adams, John Hancock, Paul Revere)Sam Adams, John Hancock, Paul Revere)

LoyalistsLoyalists

Loyalists (Tories) Loyalists (Tories) were colonists who were colonists who worked to convince worked to convince the colonies to remain the colonies to remain loyal to Great Britain.loyal to Great Britain.

Most loyalists Most loyalists belonged to the belonged to the wealthy class. wealthy class. (Aristocracy)(Aristocracy)

Common SenseCommon Sense

Thomas Paine wrote Thomas Paine wrote Common SenseCommon Sense expressing a expressing a philosophy that philosophy that attacked monarchy attacked monarchy and supported a new and supported a new democratic style of democratic style of government. government. Common Sense Common Sense inspired many to join inspired many to join the Patriot cause.the Patriot cause.

MinutemenMinutemen

Radical patriots Radical patriots formed armed militia formed armed militia groups known as groups known as minutemen to protect minutemen to protect them from British them from British troops.troops.Minutemen earned Minutemen earned their name because their name because they could be ready they could be ready for combat at a for combat at a minutes noticeminutes notice

Lexington & ConcordLexington & Concord

The British heard that the minutemen were The British heard that the minutemen were stockpiling weapons in Concord. stockpiling weapons in Concord.

They sent 700 regulars to seize the They sent 700 regulars to seize the “illegal” weapons and to arrest any Patriots “illegal” weapons and to arrest any Patriots they might encounter. (Namely Sam they might encounter. (Namely Sam Adams and John Hancock.Adams and John Hancock.


What the British did What the British did not know was that not know was that their movements were their movements were being watched by being watched by patriot spies. patriot spies.

Paul Revere rode out Paul Revere rode out in the middle of the in the middle of the night to warn the night to warn the towns of the British towns of the British troop’s approach.troop’s approach.


Around 70 minutemen Around 70 minutemen met the British at met the British at Lexington.Lexington.When the minutemen When the minutemen raised their weapons, raised their weapons, the British soldiers the British soldiers opened fire and opened fire and cleared the way to cleared the way to Concord. Concord. First shots First shots of the American of the American RevolutionRevolution


Minutemen and Minutemen and Colonial volunteers Colonial volunteers who had heard about who had heard about Lexington, rushed to Lexington, rushed to intercept the British in intercept the British in Concord.Concord.

At the North Bridge, At the North Bridge, minutemen attacked minutemen attacked the British army. the British army.


As the British began their As the British began their retreat back to retreat back to Charlestown in Boston, Charlestown in Boston, American snipers picked American snipers picked off soldiers along the off soldiers along the way.way.

By the time the British By the time the British reached Charlestown, reached Charlestown, around 270 British around 270 British soldiers had been killed.soldiers had been killed.

Bunker (Breeds) HillBunker (Breeds) Hill

The British had been based in Boston.The British had been based in Boston.

American militias rushed to secure Bunker American militias rushed to secure Bunker Hill and Breeds Hill, because they both Hill and Breeds Hill, because they both overlooked British positions in Boston. overlooked British positions in Boston.

Time was short, so the American militias Time was short, so the American militias quickly built a small bunker made of dirt quickly built a small bunker made of dirt and wood on top of Breeds hill.and wood on top of Breeds hill.

Bunker (Breeds) HillBunker (Breeds) Hill

Ethan Allen who Ethan Allen who commanded “The commanded “The Green Mountain Green Mountain Boys” brought in Boys” brought in cannons that he had cannons that he had captured from Ft. captured from Ft. Ticonderoga.Ticonderoga.From Breeds hill, the From Breeds hill, the American militia could American militia could now bombard British now bombard British positions. positions.

Breeds HillBreeds Hill

General Howe landed 1500 British General Howe landed 1500 British regulars at the base of Breeds Hill. The regulars at the base of Breeds Hill. The British surrounded the hill and steadily British surrounded the hill and steadily marched to the topmarched to the top

Militiamen fired as the British drew close Militiamen fired as the British drew close causing them to retreat.causing them to retreat.



William Prescott and William Prescott and Israel Putnam were in Israel Putnam were in command of the command of the militia on top of militia on top of Breeds HillBreeds HillSince ammunition Since ammunition was low, they had was low, they had given the orders “not given the orders “not to fire until you see to fire until you see the whites of their the whites of their eyes”. eyes”.


The British got The British got reinforcements and reinforcements and marched up the hill marched up the hill for a third time. They for a third time. They took the hill when the took the hill when the American militias ran American militias ran out of ammunition, out of ammunition, but lost over 1,000 but lost over 1,000 men. Over 100 men. Over 100 Americans were Americans were killed.killed.

Second Continental CongressSecond Continental Congress

The fighting alarmed The fighting alarmed the moderate Patriots the moderate Patriots who feared British who feared British retaliation.retaliation.

Delegates sent the Delegates sent the Olive Branch Petition Olive Branch Petition to King George III to King George III asking for protection asking for protection from Parliamentfrom Parliament


Knowing that the Knowing that the British would most British would most likely attack anyway, likely attack anyway, they decided to form they decided to form a Continental Army a Continental Army made up of the made up of the different militiasdifferent militiasThey appointed They appointed George Washington George Washington as overall as overall commander.commander.


The Second Continental Congress also wrote The Second Continental Congress also wrote the Articles of Confederation. This was an early the Articles of Confederation. This was an early framework of government which would unite the framework of government which would unite the colonies under one governing body and help colonies under one governing body and help keep them together during the Revolution. keep them together during the Revolution.

The most important accomplishment, though, of The most important accomplishment, though, of the Second Continental Congress was the the Second Continental Congress was the writing of the Declaration of Independence.writing of the Declaration of Independence.

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

Thomas Paine’s Thomas Paine’s Common SenseCommon Sense had had inspired the Patriots to give up any chance inspired the Patriots to give up any chance of resolution as did his second book: of resolution as did his second book: The The Crisis.Crisis.Patriots decided to declare the Patriots decided to declare the independence of the 13 colonies from independence of the 13 colonies from Great Britain. Great Britain. Thomas Jefferson was the primary author Thomas Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence.of the Declaration of Independence.


John Adams and John Adams and Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin advised Jefferson as he advised Jefferson as he wrote the document. wrote the document. The Declaration of The Declaration of Independence was a list Independence was a list of grievances (or of grievances (or complaints) of policies complaints) of policies that England had placed that England had placed over the colonists that over the colonists that had infringed upon their had infringed upon their natural rightsnatural rights


In the Declaration of In the Declaration of Independence, The Independence, The unalienable rights of Life, unalienable rights of Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness are listed. Happiness are listed. On July 2nd On July 2nd 1776,1776, the the colonial delegates colonial delegates approved the Declaration, approved the Declaration, and sent it to the King. and sent it to the King. The Declaration of The Declaration of Independence Independence established the United established the United States of AmericaStates of America


King George III was King George III was furious when he furious when he received the received the Declaration of Declaration of Independence. Independence.

Loyalists were Loyalists were disgusted and disgusted and opposed, and labeled opposed, and labeled the Patriots as traitors the Patriots as traitors to the crown. to the crown.

Early Years of the RevolutionEarly Years of the Revolution

From the start, the British From the start, the British dominated the conflict. dominated the conflict. General Howe humiliated General Howe humiliated General Washington at General Washington at the battle of Long Island.the battle of Long Island.

The British also brought The British also brought in mercenaries from in mercenaries from Germany called HessiansGermany called Hessians

Part 3: The Tide TurnsPart 3: The Tide Turns

TrentonTrenton

Washington needed a victory to raise Washington needed a victory to raise morale.morale.The Americans were on the verge of The Americans were on the verge of surrender by Christmas. surrender by Christmas. Washington kept the army together to Washington kept the army together to launch a surprise attack against the launch a surprise attack against the Hessian forces on Christmas when he Hessian forces on Christmas when he crossed the Delaware river during the crossed the Delaware river during the night. night.

Washington crosses the DelawareWashington crosses the Delaware

TrentonTrenton

Washington was Washington was successful in catching the successful in catching the Hessians completely by Hessians completely by surprise. Not one surprise. Not one American was killed.American was killed.

Washington then moved Washington then moved on to Princeton to take on on to Princeton to take on the British. Though the the British. Though the Americans suffered Americans suffered heavy losses, they forced heavy losses, they forced the British army to retreat.the British army to retreat.

At the battle of At the battle of Brandywine, British Brandywine, British General William General William Howe once again Howe once again defeated Washington.defeated Washington.

Again, though, Again, though, Washington not only Washington not only managed to avoid managed to avoid capture, he held the capture, he held the army together as well.army together as well.

SaratogaSaratoga

Saratoga was the Saratoga was the turning point in the turning point in the Revolution.Revolution.

British general John British general John Burgoyne led an Burgoyne led an advance of soldiers advance of soldiers into Philadelphia with into Philadelphia with little preparation.little preparation.

SaratogaSaratoga

American Generals American Generals Horatio Gates and Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold surrounded the British surrounded the British and engaged and engaged Burgoyne. Burgoyne.

The British army The British army suffered heavy suffered heavy losses.losses.

SaratogaSaratoga

The British surrendered the field at Saratoga The British surrendered the field at Saratoga giving a huge victory to the Americans. giving a huge victory to the Americans.

Saratoga became the turning point in the Saratoga became the turning point in the Revolution.Revolution.

SaratogaSaratoga

After the American army’s victory at After the American army’s victory at Saratoga, European countries became Saratoga, European countries became convince that with more help, the convince that with more help, the Americans would be able to defeat the Americans would be able to defeat the British.British.France officially recognized the United France officially recognized the United States and formed an alliance. States and formed an alliance. Spain also began to help the United Spain also began to help the United States.States.

American AlliesAmerican Allies

Marquis de Lafayette Marquis de Lafayette came from France to came from France to give aid to give aid to Washington’s army.Washington’s army.Bernardo Galvez, the Bernardo Galvez, the governor of Spanish governor of Spanish held Louisiana held Louisiana supported the supported the Americans with food, Americans with food, ammunition and ammunition and supplies. supplies.

Valley ForgeValley Forge

It was a terrible winter for the Americans camped at It was a terrible winter for the Americans camped at Valley Forge. They had little food, little clothing, scant Valley Forge. They had little food, little clothing, scant supplies, and no medicine.supplies, and no medicine.

Many became sick and died of disease, starvation, or Many became sick and died of disease, starvation, or hypothermia. Soldiers suffered from frostbite. hypothermia. Soldiers suffered from frostbite.

Valley ForgeValley Forge

A Prussian captain A Prussian captain named Baron Von named Baron Von Steuben came to Steuben came to Valley Forge and Valley Forge and taught the Americans taught the Americans the proper way to the proper way to fight during combat. fight during combat. (especially in hand to (especially in hand to hand combat)hand combat)

At Valley Forge, the American army At Valley Forge, the American army became a more professional and became a more professional and

dedicated army.dedicated army.

Tide turnsTide turns

After the winter, most of the northern After the winter, most of the northern colonies came back under American colonies came back under American control.control.

The British began focusing on the The British began focusing on the southern colonies because they knew southern colonies because they knew there were more loyalists in the southern there were more loyalists in the southern colonies.colonies.


General Lord General Lord Cornwallis assumes Cornwallis assumes command of the command of the entire British army in entire British army in the south. the south.

The American army The American army slowly begins taking slowly begins taking key points throughout key points throughout the colonies including the colonies including the south. the south.


At the battle of King’s At the battle of King’s Mountain, Nathaniel Mountain, Nathaniel Greene defeated Greene defeated British forces.British forces.

He defeats the British He defeats the British army again at the army again at the battle of Cowpensbattle of Cowpens

American NavyAmerican Navy

The French gave the The French gave the Americans a refitted Americans a refitted warship “Bonhomme warship “Bonhomme Richard” to the Richard” to the Americans. Americans.

John Paul Jones John Paul Jones became commander became commander of the American navyof the American navy

American NavyAmerican Navy

John Paul Jones took John Paul Jones took on the much larger on the much larger British warship British warship “Serapis”. In the battle “Serapis”. In the battle Jones famously says: Jones famously says: “I have not yet begun “I have not yet begun to fight!” when to fight!” when ordered to surrender ordered to surrender is vessel.is vessel.

Both ships were lost. Both ships were lost.

People of the RevolutionPeople of the Revolution

Molly PitcherMolly Pitcher (Mary (Mary Hays) brought water Hays) brought water to Americans in the to Americans in the field of battle.field of battle.

She even manned She even manned cannons after a battle cannons after a battle in which her husband in which her husband was wounded.was wounded.


Deborah Sampson-Deborah Sampson- disguised herself as a disguised herself as a man and fought in the man and fought in the Revolution.Revolution.

Comte de Comte de RochambeauRochambeau - -commanded the commanded the French forces in French forces in AmericaAmerica


Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton was Washington’s was Washington’s chief aid during the chief aid during the Revolution. He Revolution. He handled all the handled all the paperwork to be done paperwork to be done in the army.in the army.

His nickname was the His nickname was the “Pen” of the army. “Pen” of the army.


Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin spent his time during spent his time during the Revolution in the Revolution in France attempting to France attempting to convince the French convince the French to support and lend to support and lend aid to the Americansaid to the Americans..


Nathan Hale-Nathan Hale- was a was a schoolteacher who schoolteacher who joined the revolution joined the revolution as a spy for the as a spy for the Americans. A loyalist Americans. A loyalist relative turned him in relative turned him in and he was hanged. and he was hanged. He supposedly said: He supposedly said: “I regret that I have “I regret that I have but one life to give for but one life to give for my country.”my country.”


Benedict Arnold-Benedict Arnold- was was placed in command of placed in command of West Point. Feeling West Point. Feeling neglected, he decided neglected, he decided to betray the to betray the Americans and Americans and offered West Point to offered West Point to the British.the British.

He was discovered, He was discovered, but fled to Canada.but fled to Canada.


Abigail Adams- Abigail Adams- wrote wrote letters to her husband letters to her husband John Adams and thus John Adams and thus the Continental the Continental Congress, providing Congress, providing advice and advice and information. information.


Wentworth Cheswell-Wentworth Cheswell- African American African American Patriot who was one of the signers of The Patriot who was one of the signers of The Association TestAssociation Test which supported the which supported the Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence. .

Mercy Otis Warren-Mercy Otis Warren- she helped for the she helped for the committees of correspondence which was committees of correspondence which was vital for spreading information throughout vital for spreading information throughout the colonies during the Revolution. the colonies during the Revolution.


James Armistead-James Armistead- a a slave who worked as slave who worked as a double agent spy a double agent spy for the Patriots for the Patriots serving in General serving in General Lafayette’s army. Lafayette’s army. Haym Soloman-Haym Soloman- Jewish immigrant Jewish immigrant from eastern Europe from eastern Europe who joined up with who joined up with the Sons of Liberty. the Sons of Liberty.

YorktownYorktown

Cornwallis marched into Virginia to face the Cornwallis marched into Virginia to face the American army for a showdown. He was forced American army for a showdown. He was forced back into Yorktown by local militias. back into Yorktown by local militias. General Lafayette arrived with American General Lafayette arrived with American reinforcements strengthening the American reinforcements strengthening the American offensive.offensive.Cornwallis was surrounded on all sides with his Cornwallis was surrounded on all sides with his back to the sea, waiting on the British navy.back to the sea, waiting on the British navy.Washington moved down and planned the Washington moved down and planned the assault on Yorktown. assault on Yorktown.

Map of YorktownMap of Yorktown

YorktownYorktown

Instead of the British Instead of the British fleet, the French fleet fleet, the French fleet arrived and arrived and bombarded British bombarded British position.position.

The American army The American army assaulted the British assaulted the British by land. by land.

YorktownYorktown

Cornwallis was forced to surrender.Cornwallis was forced to surrender.

When Cornwallis surrendered, Parliament When Cornwallis surrendered, Parliament decided to discontinue the war effort and allow decided to discontinue the war effort and allow the Americans their independence. the Americans their independence.

Treaty of Paris 1783Treaty of Paris 1783

1. British officially recognized the United States.1. British officially recognized the United States.2. British accepted the Mississippi River and Great 2. British accepted the Mississippi River and Great lakes as the boundary of the United States.lakes as the boundary of the United States.3. Florida was given back to Spain3. Florida was given back to Spain4. British agreed to remove all soldiers from 4. British agreed to remove all soldiers from American soil. American soil. 5. Americans agreed not to make reprisals against 5. Americans agreed not to make reprisals against the Loyalists.the Loyalists.6. Americans agreed to have all debts that 6. Americans agreed to have all debts that merchants owed to the British merchants owed to the British beforebefore the war paid the war paid in full. in full.

Treaty of Paris 1783Treaty of Paris 1783

It was a difficult task It was a difficult task negotiating this treaty. negotiating this treaty. European powers did European powers did not want the new not want the new United States to United States to become to powerful. become to powerful. John Jay was a stern John Jay was a stern diplomat who did diplomat who did most of the most of the negotiation with the negotiation with the European powers. European powers.

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Instructional Focus Document Notes Grade 8/Social Studies UNIT: 03 TITLE: American Revolution Part...

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