Instructions for the Training of the British Armies in France 1918 UK

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[S.S. 152.1 O.B./1146.

40/W.0./5673.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THETRAINING OF THE BRITISH.

ARMIES IN FRANUE.

REVISED EDTTION.

(The p r o v i s i o n a l e d i t i o n of J u n e , 1 9 1 7 , is herebyca nce l l ed . ) ,

(ISSUEDBY THE GENERAL STAFF.)



5

CONTENTS.

CELU'TJ.: 1% I.

T H EPOIJCYOF TRAININGspct.

1.' 2.' a .

PagoGeneral Policy ... ...I<esponsibiIity or ~ o m r n n n ~ c r s_.schools Sllll Cuu1ps ... ...

iplcsiinirigi n i n q

...

...

...

...

...

...s6

11

17 18 19

11.

111. IT.

v.

VI. VI[.

. . . . . . .

. . . ...... ...

...

...

...

...

... ...

... . . . .

... ... \ W I .

... ... IX .

... ... X.



CORPS I N F A N T R Y S C n o O ~ c o n L i ? t u e d .Lemia Gum School ...

A Syllabus.B Estsblishment.I

Appendix... XI.

CORPSSIGNALSCHOOI; .._ ... ... ... XII.(A ) Syllabus.(B) Estabiishmcnt.

CORPRANTI.GARSCHOOL . . . . . . . .. . ... XIII.A ) Syllabus.B1 Establishment.

CAVALRYCORPSEQUITITIOXScHoor,

Est&blishmcnt.

... XIV.

CAVALR-Y DIVISIONAL SCIIOOL ... ... ... xv.(A) Syllabus.(BI. EstabliRhmsnt,

... X V I .

~ ~~~.pj Hotcbliiss GUU ~;an~h":.Syii&s. ,D) E~ta bl i~ hmc nt .

G.H.Q. ANTI-AIRCRAFT GUNNERY SOrIOOL ... ... XVII.

R.E. SCHOOL ... ... ... ... ... X V I I I .( A ) Syllabus.(B)Establishment.

B R ~ U O I N ~CHOOL ... ... ... . ~ . XIX.( A ) Syllabus.(B) Establishment.

G.H.Q. NIRELESS SCAOOL ... ... ... xx.

ConrsoR.ASSAULT,&'RYSICAL A N D BECREdTIORAl, TRdlXlNO ... XXI.

Yyllabns of Course .

TRAIN IN^ I\ BATTALION... ... ... t... xxii.tA) Suggested Allotment of Time.

(U) Suggested Yrogmmnmc for Iudividual, Section,Platoon ana Company Training.

(C) Notcs on'Nusketry Trainiug (lor units out 01,the line for short periods of rcs t ) .

(U) Field Practice (F3syonet-flglitiugand Nnslcetry).

GENERAL TAFF OFFICERS TRAINING) ... ... XXIII.Duties of G .S .0 .s I (Training) in Armi0s and of

G.S.0.s 2 (Training) in Corps .

XXIV.



CHAPTER I.

THE POLICY O F TRAINING .

1. GENERAL POLICY.

1. The general policy of training in the British Armies inPrance may be briefly s ta ted to be as follows :-

( i . ) Commanders of formations a re responsible forthe efficiency of thc units undcr their immediatecommand.

(i i . ) Commanding Officers are responsible for the. training of all oficers, N . C . 0 . s and men in their units.

(iii.) Various special Instructors are trained a tSchools in order to .assist Commanding Officers intrnining their units.

With the same object courses of instruction aregiven a t Schools f o r Company Commanders, PlatoonCommanders, Company Sergeant-Majors, an d Platoon

- Sergeants..( i v . ) Reinforcements, with certain exceptions, are

trnined a t Corps Reinforcemcnt Cnmps or with theirunits.

2. RESPONSIBILITY O F COMMANDERS.

1 . Commanders W i l l train the troops they lcad intoaction. This is a principlo which must never he departedfrom, and nothing in the following instructions, thc objcct ofwhich is to co-ordinate policy and system, and so to arrive a tuniformity of doctrine, is to he held to relieve Comminders oftheir initial responsibility.

No form of training w'hich can be carried out by Officers'Commanding u&s is to he relegated to Schools.

NOTE.-Expcrience has shown th at there ar e certain special

and technical forms of tra ining which cannot he exploitedto the fullest extent in units. For these it will benecessary to send personnel to Schools.

2. The word '' School," in the fdllowing instructions, isnot t o be confuscd with " Class of Instruction."

6

*



Sec. S.

Schools ar e established by G.H.Q.,rmies and Corps, on

a permanent basis, with an approvcd establishment,. or theprimary porposc of training Instrimtorr. Classes of instruc-tion are formed temporarily by Divisions and Brigades for thepurposc of training Personiael, and Instructors as may henecessary.

It is not intended t o intcrferc with the discretion ofDivisional and Brigade Commanders t o form Classes ofInstruction. ( S e e Sec. 4 , Para. 8.)

3. As a general principle, young officers should not he

sent to a School until thcy,have been a t duty with their unitfor at lcast th rcc months.

3. S C H O O L S A N D CAMPS.

1. Schools in England train :-

Staff Officers, Scnior and Junior (Clare and Cai'usCollegcs, Cambridge).

Senior Infantry Regimental Oficcrs t o b e Battalion Com-manders (Aldershot).

. Officers of the Royal Artillery to be Ba tt cry Commanders(Sa lisbnr .~ lain).*

Special courses are also held for the higher training ofLieut.-Coloncls and Najors.

Officers 'and N.C.0.s of Roval Artillery Anti-Aircraft, intechnical Anti-Aircraft work (Shoebnryness).

2. ,Tho Schools and Camps t o bc maintained in future inFrance a re divided in to the following.categorics :-

(A) G.H.Q. Schools.(R ) Army Schools.( 0 ) Corps Schools.

(A) G . H . Q . Schools ..( i . ) Tce G.H.Q.Sinall A r m s School, divided into two

branches-Machine G UII and Lcwis Gun-for thc ti.aiuing ofOffccrs and N.C.0.s ill thc higher tactical handling of thesetwo wcapons. (Appe.ndix S V I . )

( i i . ) The Q.H.Q. Anti-Aircraft Gunnery School, forthe training of Oficcrs and N.C.0. s of Royal Artillery Anti-Aircraft, in practical A.nti-Aircraft work. (Appendix S V I I . )

* This Seliool also carries out oxperimentai work with &I1

IIKLIII'CS or guns.

6 '



Sec. 3.

(iii.) R.E. School, for the training. of Coinmanders andScconds in Coininand of Field Squadrons, Field Conipanies,

and Army Troops Companies, R.E. (Appcndix S V I 11.)(iv.) Bridging School, for the training of personncl.

(Apmndix SIX.)

for units, but it will also train personnel to replacewastage. (Appendix V . )

7

. .



sec. s.( d ) A Signal School, which Nil1 be maintained in Close

touch with the Army Signal Company. (Appendix VI.)

(e) An Anti-Gas School, for the training o f DivisionalGas Officers, Corps and Divisional Gas N.C.O.s, and folspecial courses for Officers and N.C.0.s. (Appendix VI I. )

( f ) Army Musketry Camps.Thc primary function of these is to refresh Regimental

Officers and N.C.0.s i n the u se of the rifle in battle. Theymay also be uscd to assist units in musketry training bythe allotment of rangcs and the loan of instructors, m h e r et h i s can be done wiLilout intcrfcring with the regular

ou tput of students. (Sec. 5 , para. 5 , and Appendix VII I . )(C ) C o r p s Schools and C a m p s . .

Io each Co rps there Nil1 he one parent School:-( . ) A n Tnlantry School, for.the training of Platoon

Commandcrs and Platoon Scrgcants. (Appcndix I X . )

This School will have nftilinted to it-(i ,) A Bombing and Light Mortar School.

(Ap cndix X.)

&. A h v i s Gun School. (Appendix XI.)(iii.1 (In tho Schools of Ovcrseas Forces) SeniorOfficers' nnd'N.C.0.s' Courses.

I n addition there will be :-

( 6 ) A Signal School, which will be.maintained in closetouch with the Corps Signal Company. (Appendix X I I . )

(c) A Corps Anti-Gas School for training GasN.C.0.s and for instructing as many Officers and N.C.0.sas possihlc in gas dcfcncc. (Appendix XI II .)

( ( 2 ) A Corps Mounted Troops School, when required.(e ) A Cavalry Corps Equitation School, while

necessary. (Appendix XIV.)Cf) Cavalri*- divisional^ Schools, when required.

(Appendix XV.)

NOTE.-The primary function of all these 'Schools i s theproduction of Instructors for units; but the Bombing andLight Mortar School will also train personnel to replace

wastage.(g) Corps Reinforcement Camps, intended :-

L i . ) As Camps where trained Infantry Reinforce- .ments (as enumerated in Sec. 5 , 7(a),await despatchto thcir'units, and to which the pcrsonnel not takeninto action by their units should he seut.

~ .. ..8



S e c . S.

N o trained reinforccments are to bo retained a t

Corps Roinforceincnt Camps if Lhcir units arc sosi tuated that they c a n receivc Lliein.

(ii.) A s Tr ai ni ng ,Camps-(a) For men untrained as 1nf;rntl.y trails-

fcrred tc that arm.( b ) To. which inefficient Infnnt rymon can be

scnt Prom units for furl her training.Corps Rcinforcement Camps should bc situatcd in the

proximity of a railway station in the Corps back area , a t such.z distance tha t they c m be easily visitod by Commanders nndStaffs, but not so fa r forward that they becornc cramped byhorse linos, depbts, morkshops, etc. (Sec. 5 , paras. 6 1 3 . )

3. In the case both of Armics and Corps, affiliatedSchools should bo situated in the same placc as their parentSchool. When considerations o i terra in suitable for trainingmake this impracticable, they should be situated sufficientlyuear to admit of their being administered by the Commandant

and staff of their parcnt School, so as to secure facilities ofadministration and consequent economy in administrativepersonnel.

4. I n t he event of Army o r Corps Readqnarters movingfrom one area to another, the following procedure will headopted :-

(a)Army Schools Til l , in thc first instance,remain and continue thcir courses i n thcir old area,. the Row of students being regulated by G.H.Q. on the

the principle that, as far as possible, Armies braintheir own Divisions.( b ) Wherever accommodation is availahlc in the

new area, Corps Schools will bc frcshly formed asearly as possible. Where accornmodation is notavailable, armngements will hc madc to makc use ofSchools already existing in the new area for thestudcnts of tbc newly-arrivcd Corps. This will he amatter for arrangement within tho Army.

The buildings, training f;rcilitics, etc., ctc., of. anyCorps School which may be vacated will he carefullyhanded over to t he incoming C or ps . '

( c ) The Headquarters of the Reinforcement Campwill , wcompany the Corps. When a .Division istransforred from one Corps to another the Staff ofthe Divisional Wing will accompany the Division.

9



Sec. 1.

5.I t is not the policy to withdraw students from schoolson account of active operntions., Students will IJC reckoned

a s included .in the pcrsorinel enumerated in Sec. X X X : ,paragraph 4, of S.S. 135.--" The training and employment ofDivisions " (revised cditioti).

6. Train ing Areas wil l hc provided for troops withdraw11into reserve fo r long periods; for short periods of rest i t willnormally only he necessary to provide troops withdrawn fromthe trenches with facilitics lor training on a smaller scale

(Scc.G,

para.2 ) .

Arcas for training Cavalry, Special Brigade, R.E., andTanks will he provided as required.

7. So f a r as t.hc supply of personnel will allow, instruc-tidnal Officers and N.C.0.s are provided- at ConvalescentJlepots f r o m the IIeadquartcrs, Physical nod Bayonct Train-ing, t o suggest and direct recrcaLive games and exercises, andto construct material .for some of the simpler pastimes. Amoderate amount of Recreational Training Kit is furnished

also from the same source.An active part in the restoration of , efficiency to theindividual may be played by the. provision 01 such games andexercises, which recall pleasant associations and crcate adefiire to regain mental and physical fitness. They should begmduat.ed, increasing in vigour to suit the stages of pro-gression. Thcir chief aim should he mental stimulation, a n dgames which amuse as well as intcrest will be found , bestsuited to this end.

8. Base Training Camps for the following, BritishCavalry, Indian Cavdry, R.H.A. and R . F . A . , R.G.A., and- R.E. , cxist in ordcr to kcep reinforcements exerciscd while

they a rc a t their respcctivc Esse Depats, and t o tr ai n transfersfrom othcr branclics or arms of the scrvice.

Similar training is also carried on at the Machine GunBase DcpBt and Cyclist Base DepBt.

I). It is riot part of t he policy to maintain ArtilleryPrac tice Camps..



Sec. I

CHAPTER 11:THE SYSTEM O F TRAINING.

4. TRATNING IN U N I T S : GE N E B A L PRINCIPLES.

1. Tho principles la id down in thc’Training Mnnuala ofthe various arms are in no way supcrscded.

Further instructions in amplification. of these Manuals,

dealing with the useof

new weapons and tho applicationof

special mcthods, are issued t o all concerned from time to time.

2 . A branch of the General Staffhas been established atGeneral Headquarters, and General Staff Oficers, Isb gradcand 2nd gradc, have bccn appointed to Armies and Corpsrespectively, additional to the Staff Establishment, fo r t h ospecific purpose of thc supervision of training.. (AppendixX.XIV.)

3. The training of each Division must bo carried out

under the personal guidance of its Divisional Commander,assisted, controllccl and supervised by tho Corps and the Army.Every Commander should inspire his un it with his personalenergy a nd fighting spiri t.

4. I t cannot be emphasized too often tha t all training , ata ll times and in all,plaecs, must aim a t the cultivation of theoffeiisivc sp ir it in all ranks.

5. “Sueccss in n3ir depcnds more on moral than onphysical qualitics.” [F.S.R., Par t I., Sect. 1 ( 2 ) . 1

N o opportunity sliould be missed of inculcating mutualconlidenie, ‘eohcsioir, ant i tho spirit of combination. I t hasfrequently happened that Ieadors have had to lock for andfind thei r men during Ern advance under fire. The converseshould invariably prevail : thc men must acquire tho habit .of looking spontaneously to their leaders for direction, Thiscan only he acquired by constant attention and training.

Too great stress cannot bc laid on the necessity fordeveloping by e e r y possible mcims the morale and soldierlj

spir it of all ranks. With this object constant attent ion shouldbc paid to discipline, dress, salnting, cleanliness, and onreof billets.

6. Lectures should be giren on niatters of intc;est byolficers recently returned from Schools, by Staff.Officers and

11

i



:ISec. 4 . i

outside Lecturers when procurable. Moreover, it should' lic

the special care of officers to ta lk to their men on the generalsituation, and to explain to them fully thcir duty in/givenconditions. Examples of fine.conduct a nd bravery should bedescribed, so as to develop mutu!sl confidcnce and espr i t decorps, an d to inspire new arrivals.

7. The value of denionstrations shou ld . be fullyrecognized.

A demonstration showing thc correct and incorrectmanner of carrying out almost any military cxercise (e.g.,

Guard Mounting, Scouting, Patrolling, Anti-gas precautions,the Attack, etc., etc.) is the surest and quickest method ofimpar ting instruction. For this purposc specimen Sections,

' k'laloons, Cornimnies, and even Battalions, may headvantageously employed. Cnrc should be Laken tha t theobjcct of the demonstration is fully and clearly explained toall concerncd bePorc commencing, and that the audience isunder control and suitablj- placed for viewing each movement.

8. Battalion, Brigade and Ilivisional cIasses should

nlways he i n progress for training in the folloning as ninybe rcquircd :-

Musketry (foi. junior N.C.0.s).Lewis Gunnery.Signalling.Scouting (Obscrvation &d Sniping).Dug-out making.U onib ing and lliflc-bombing.

Light Mortars.For this purpose llattalions should main tain the followinginst ruct ional staff :-

One Scrgennt Instructor of Musketry (trained atHythc, Hayling Island o r an Army Musketry Camp).

One Sergcant f o r P. and B.T. (trained 06 €lend-.quarters P. and B.T.).

. Two Scrgcants for Lewis Gun instruction (traincd a tG.H.Q. Small Arms School, Lewis Guli branch).

One Scrgeant for bombing a i d rifle bombing inst ruc-tion (trained a t a Corps liombing and Light MortarSchoo!).

One Scrgeant for signallers (trained a t an Army or: Corps Signd School).

12



sec. 6.

It may occa~ionally o necessary f o r Battalions to ad d thefollowing :A

, One Sergeant for dri ll ( traincd at an .Army In fa nt rySchool)__”_.,_

One N.d .0 . for Sdouting, Observation and Sniping(traincd at an Army Scouting, Observation and SnipingSchool).One N.C.O. fo r Dug-out making.

.-I n every case where Battal ion, Brigade or Divisional

classes are formed, the instructional stafi for these classeswill be .found, as may he required, from the instructors

enumerated above. This will only bc iircrcased in cxceptionalcases, for instanco, after very hcavy casualties, when specialmeasures may be necessary. Brigade or Divisional classes,therefore, are classes fornicd from the instructional staffsof Bat tal ions an d co-ordinated by the Brigade or the Divisi,on,the objects being t o promote efficiency and to prevent duphca-tion of training.

9. Evcry Cotrimandor should bear clearly in mind thetwo following considerations :-

(i.) Individual Training should he in progress whethera unit is in or out of thc tronches. 1

Training in morale in par ticular and to a grcnt cxtcnt‘ Iraining in Skill a t Arms ” can be carried on whilst

the unit is in t.he trenches. This applies no t only to suchoffensive duties as the corrcct action of patrols, bombingparties, etc., but also to tra in ing in ordina ry duties, suchas sanitation, carrying, digging, anti-gas prccautions,etc. It rcsts i n thc hands of Brigade m d Regimental

Commanders to see that the performance of all duties, iscarried out in such a manner as to iirculcatc disciplineand promote efficiency.

Tactical Exercises for Staff and Rcgimcntal Officersshould be carried out undcr DivisionItl nrriingcment.s.

(ii.) Collcetive Training can only be performed duringperiods wheu a unit is out of the trenchcs.

These periods are:-(A) Short Periods for Rest.

(B) Long Pcriods for Training.(A ) Short Periods f o r Rest. ~

10. The traini ng carried out in these circumstances shouldbe more of a recuperativc naturc than anything clso.

13



//'ec. 4.

/Overtraining dcfeats its own object. It is as detrimental

t o morale and eficiency as undertraining. This pridciple

applies both to short periods for rest and to long perio'ds fortraining. (Appendix X X l I . (A) guiding priiiciples.):'

The points to which at tcnt ion should be 'specially,ilirectedare:-

Cleaning n p Men, Equipmcnt and Transport,Steady Drill and Ceremoni;d.Laying and Fuze Setting (Artillery).'Skill at Arms.G as Defence.

Physical Training., .

IEoute htarching.Recreational Training (S.S. 137, revised editibn).Amuscments.

Details of a suggested progranline and the objects it isdesircd to attain w111 he found i n Appendix XXII. (U) .

(B) Long Periods f o r Training.

11. Training during these periods must be carefullydivided into :-

(a) Individual Training.(6) Collective Training.

12. In ordcor that full usc may he made of the t.imea n d ground available, programmcs, shonring the allotment ofareas to units and the subdivision of the time aveilable intothe two categories abovc-m,entioned, must be issued byDivisions and Brigadcs before tho troops actually arrive in

their Training Areas.This will entail previous reconnaissance on the part of

Divisional and Brigade Staffsbefore uni ts home out of thc line.

13. Cround sclected should, whenever possible, providctha t field firing cim be carried out with live ammuni-tion. (Sec. 15, para. 2.) Even if the space available onlyadmits of the training at one timc of a Company or Platoon,its value should be utilised to the fullest estent.* A rangeshould always include facilities for practising the Assault(IJayouet-fighting and Musketry). (Appendix X X I L (U).)

* Crauud suitable for training pnrposes is obtained by theg.il1.G. through thc Freuoh Xission.

14





/

/'

sec I . 121. Thc fol1o;ving tr ain of thought should be impisscd

upon all leaders by constant training until it has bccorne asub-conscious habit of mind :-

(i.) Advance to win; aim always at forwardmovement.

(6.) Reconnoitre before movement. Move bybounds.

(iii.) On the hattleficld a commander is refiponsiblefor the protection of his unit, whether halted or onthc move, from att ack froin iLny direction, .iucluding

the air.(iv.) Combine tire and movement.

(v.) Remember that a bombing attack unaccom-panied by an attack above ground is seldom of any

value.

(vi.) Reinforce by envelopment of one or bothRanks, after personal reconna.issance.

(vii.) Send hack information; remember that

negative information is as valuable as positive.22. During tra ining, every opportuni ty should be takcn

to perfect the system in cvery unit by which orders andinstructions pcrmeate down to the lowest grade. This is oftho tirst importancc, and must never be oveflooked.

23. The principle on which Signal Training wil l bcconducted is to train at Army and Corps Schools, ArtilleryRcgimental Oficcrs, Battalion Signalling Officers and N.C.0.sof Batteries and Battalions as Instructors and Assistant

Inetructoys. These Officers and N . C . 0 . s will then carry on thetraining of tho signallers in their units, and at Brigade andDivisional classes.

To keep up the standard of signalling it is consideredthat two Oficers and.12 N.C.0.s per Battalion, four.Officersper Ficld Artillery Brigade or H.A. Group and four N.C.0.spcr Bat tery should do a six-weeks' course at an Army or CorpsSignal School each year.

Careful organization and syetematic and continuous

training oi the signalling personncl whilst uni ts are out of theline form the only means of preventing a breakdown ofcommunications during battle. The training of Bat tal ionsignallers will therefore he continuous, and should ordinarilyhe carr ied out in Divisional classes.

16



Sec. 4a.

4a. T R AIN IN G I N U N I T S : I NDI VI DUAL T RAI NI NG.

1. Individual Training is the keynote of eficiency. O n

the thoroughness with which it is carried out rests theefficiency of the whole training:I t consists.of the tr ai ni ng of the individual man an d the

individual horse in their individual duties. It hos, however,in addition a Mider application, and thc trailling of theSection and of tho Troop or Platoon forms a necessarycomplement to Individual Training.

2. It should begin with Section-Drill without arms,Saluting, etc., etc., and gradua lly work up to Rat tle Tra in ing

of Troops n n d PliLtoons. (i\ppcndix XXII . (U), para. 2 (c),and Appendix XXII. (l)).)Senior Officers should cxercise a close supervision and

givo every assistance to subordinates iLt this stegc of training.

3. K s n kencia1 principle, bfficers and N.C.0.s chargedwith the duty of instruction of troops should adopt thofollowing method :-First, tho lesson is to be explaincd,secondly, demonstrated, and finally carried out as ari excrcise.

4. It is a n cssontial pa rt of tra ini ng f o r Nar that the

men should bc taught to e&refor thcmsclves, so as to maintainthei r phrsicill fitness. To this end thc nccessity fo r t a b n gthe most scrupulous care of their clothing, equipment andaccoutrements must he explaincd to thcm.

Thc importance of obedience to orders as regardsarrangements of supply, prescrvntion of iron rations, water,etc., must be impressed on all r m k s . The'prcvcntion of wastcmust be rigorously cnforced.

5. Subordinatc Coinmandcrs will thcmselves takecommand, and will carry out tho attack 06 tactical points.Movement from cov.cr to covcr, the advance under fire, thecomhirrntion of fire and movcmcnt, the usc of Lcwis orHotchkiss guns, bombs and rifle-bombs, and the assault,culminating with the 0CCUp;ktiOn nnd organization of capturedgi.ound for defence, should all he pvactised.

. The trai iiing of subordinate Commnndcrs in dcfcnsircfighting so as to meet attacks both on well-organizcd defencesnod on ground hostile, preparcd or iurprcpicred f o r defence,

'inust also he rnaintniii.ed a t a high level.In this. as in other forms of training, the various

fiituations should be studied i n which s m a l l units (Sections,Troops, and Platoons) havc been placed during the War .( S C C . 4, para. 21.)

17



Sec. b b .

Both in the case of officers and N.C.O.s, special a ttcntionshould be paid to the trai nin g of understudies for all positionsand nppointmcnts.

The handbooks of the various arms are the hcst guidcs CO

be followed; for Infantry special reference is to be made to8.S: 143.

13. Classes within Regiments, Battal ions an d Datteries areto be inaugurated at this stage of training for signallers,runners, dug-out makers and personnel ,.in other forms oftraining which cannot bc given by Troop, Platoon, and othersubordinate Commanders.

4b. TEAINING IN UNITS: COLLECTIVE TRAINING.

1. In Collective Training, Squadrons, Batteries andCompanies, Regiments. an d Bat td ions , also Brigades, will beexercised as compleLe units . Endeavour should hc madc toexercise each Brigade a t lcast twicc as a complete unit.

Attention is to be paid to steady dri ll a nd ccremonial, aswell as t o manceuvre. I n the latter , i t is of the firstimportance th a t the various arms should co-operate as on the

battlefield.Simple tactical fichemes, both with and without troops, in

which al l arms (Air Service, Mounted Troops, Royal Arti llery,Royal Engineers, Infantry and Tanks) should take part, areto be carried out. Other s and signallers can usually be sentif at tendmce as a un it is impracticable. (F.S.R., Part I.,Chapters I. and 11.) . .

2. The objcct to be attained is th a t all formations shouldbe ahle and accustomed t o manceuvre in the field. Tho Corps

and Division can assist towards the attainment of this objectby means of Tactical Exercisos for Staff and RegimentalO5cers.

Each Division should carry out during this period a tleast one exercise complcte as fo r battle. Such exercisesshould include sudden and surprise situations necessitatingquick decision, the rapid issue of orders and prompt attion.With this objccb, an enemy, skeleton or other, should as arule be provided. I n addition practice over model areas or

trcncbes is denirablc when preparinq for a specific operation.F.S.R. and the tra in ing manuals of the various arms, and

8.8. 135 (revised cdition), are the hest guides to be followedduring Collective Training.

I8



sec. 5 .

5. TRAININQ AT SCHOOLS AND CAMPS.

1. Methods of instruction at G.H.Q. , Army and CorpsSchools, Nil1 be thosame a's thoso to be adopted in IndividualTraining, namely, explanation, demonstration, practice.(Sec. 4 4 para. 3.)

2. In order that a suffciency of Offcer Tnstructors forSchools in.Francc may he provided nnd tho supply regulated,lists of O th e r s qualified and suitable for tho duty will beforwarded to G.H.Q. from Armies, Cavalry Corps, .and L. of 0.a t the end of each course.

3. I t must hc borne in niind that n sevcre strain i s

imposcd upon Instructors by their duties and that it isessential to assist thcm to maintain a high standa rd. Thisshould be donc hy:- \

(i.) Safeguarding thcir interests as to advance-ment, otc.

(ii.) Giving them opportunitjos for refreshing theirminds.

(iii,) Keeping thcm in touch with the fightingtroops.

As regards (i.), an instructor, whether Officer or N.C.O.,mill.normally serve as such for il period of not leas than sixmonths; he will leave a School bcfore the expiration of thispcriod only ior his own advancement or on exchange to anInstructional Staff at home, or in thc event of his provingunsatisfactory as an Instructor.

An Officer or N.C.O. on censing to bo employed as an

Instructor mill normally rcjoin his unit. If reported onsatisfactorily on tho expiration of his pcriod of duty, a n OficerInstructor mar bc notcd for carly preference for the course ofnttachment to the Staff, or promotion.

As regnrds (ii.) and (iii.), refrcsher conrscs for Instructorsand v i s i t s to tho trenchcs should be held alternately after

'evcry sceoud Stodcnts' course. (Appendix I. (0)or ArmyI n f a n t r y . Schools, Appendix VTTT. (B) , notes, for CorpsInfantry Schools.)

_. Instructors for the Inatructional Establishments ofArmies and Corps will , as fnr as possible, bo found within theArmy concerned. Should tho Army be unable to fill avacancy from their own resources they can apply to G.H.Q.

19





Sec. 5 .

All these classes will be trcated as trained m e n , and will

be available to ioin,thcir Divisions at oncc if their units ar cnot i n action gr in the line.(L) The numbcr of combed-out men at one time in B Corps

Reinforcement Camp is not likely to excecd 50 .

E . All reinforccmcnts will ‘be testcd and brought up todate i n anti-gas measiires within 24 hours of their arrival a tCorps Reinforcement Camps. This mill include the testing ofsmall box respiralors. Infa nlry casuals returning frolnhospitals and convalcsccnt depdts in Francc will be equipped

with small box respirators.Conoorrcntly with nnti-gas training tllc A . B . 64 of eachman will be checkcd and the drafts sorted and classified.

9. A11 mcn shown i n their A . B . 64 to be trained orpartially trained as signallers, should be scpnrated from othcrreinforcements, and units notified as to th e numbers receivcd.

(i.) Traincd signallers should bo sent to theirunits as spccielist reinforcements on separatc nominalrolls.

(ii.) Partinlly trained signallers should, beretained until thcy em be abscrbed into Divisional orBrigade clnssos. Until they join those classes theyshould be kept exorcised in flag, buzzer and lamp.Sufficient equipmerit will bc allowed Corps Reinforco-ment Camps for this purpose.

10.. (i.) Rcinforccnicnts coming under 7 ( a ) above,who cannot. a t once join their units, will not be testcdexcept .in anti-gas measures. Whilc they remain a t

Corps Reinforccnicnt Camps they should be keptphysically lit and exercised, and every possible ,effortmade to imbuo thorn with the fighting spir it and &ritde c o q x . The study of thc men’s comfort, the loanof bands, Divisional (‘Follies,” and recrcational train-ing, are of grcat importance.

It is considered that during the winter months. four hours’ work daily is sufficient. This might be

arranged as follows:-1 hour drill.3 hours’ use of the rifle (including.

Musketry and P. and l3.7!.).Tho rmnainder of the day should be

dcvotcd to organized gatncs and recreation.Occasional route marches should be

carried out.

81



Sec. 5 .

(ii.) Reinforceinents coming under 7 (L) should

receive progressive training, for which special arrange-ments should be made; the object in view being toenable thcm to reach the standard k i d down inpara. 4, Appendix 1, A.C.I. No. 1230, of November,1917 , i.e., standard of 14 weeks' training at hornc, assoon as possiblc.

Bcfore these men are sent t o their units, thestatement of each man's training a n d qualificationswill he entered up in A.B. 64.

11. Reinforcements enumcrated in 7 ( a ) will join theirunits as soon as possible after completion of anti-gas tcsts,providcd :-

(U,)The unit is withdrawn from tho line fo r train-ing, and will have seven clear days in which t o absorbthem before going into the line or into actipn.

( b ) The unit is holding a normal sector of theline, and the Corps Commander considers tha t trainedreinforcements may be absorbed.

Othcrwise reinforcements will remain a t Corps Reinforce-ment Camps.During active opcrations, reinforccmcnts will not join

thcir units until the Brigade to which they hclong iswithdrawn.

12. At prescnt considerable doubt exists as to when thepewonncl cnuniernted i n Sec. SSS. of S.S. I35 should he with-drawn froill units.

The personncl referred to should join Corps lleinforce-

ment Camps whenevcr a unit i s so situatcd that its trainedreinforccmcnts remain at these camps. When reinforce-ments join the ir units the personnel not .taken into action will .accompany them.

Armies inay make special esccpt ions in 't he case of Corpswhose Reinforcement Camps are situated so far back as torender this procedure inconvcnicnt, but it must be hornc inmind that i t is inadvisable to kecp officers a n d men fo r anylength of time i L t Eattalion transport lines situated in the

shelled and bombed area.Further, the personnel not takcn into action includes thetraining staff of the Battalion, who w i l l thus automaticallyarrive a t the Corps l~oinforccmcntCamp when the flow ofreinforcements to the L n i t ceases. This disposes of thequestion of the supply of additional officcrs and N.C.0.s totnke charge of the dr af ts retained a t the camp.

22

I



8Sec. 5 .

13. !Che Corps ltcinforcement Camp will consist of :-

(a)A small perrnancnt establishmcnt working

directly under thc Corps, consisting of adrninistrative andinstructional pcrsonnel, to which will bo attachcdpersonnel from the Physical and Bayonet Triiining Staffand G a s Services.-

Thc Commandant of thc Reinforcement Camp will bcin cbi~rgc f both tho training and administrativc sid,cti.

' .Hc wi l l be assistcd by the Assistmt Commandant andAdjutant and Qunrtermastcr for training and administra-tive duties rcspcctively.

The Assistant Commandant will take Lhc place of ~ h oChief Instructor. H e will be in charge oE the Moskctvytraining and assist the Commandant in training generally.

( b ) Divisional Wings, on a scalc of one wing for cachDivision in tho Corps, consisting of :-

(i.)n instructional and administrative staff o f .a strength proportionate to thc number of nicn ofthc t Division to bc dcalt with. This . Staff willnormally be found by the Division concerned. Okliccrs

and N.'C.O.s so employed mag be includcd in thenumbers not taken into action.(ii.)Onc or more companics,'according to thc

numbers undergoing training.

If thcrc is only one conipariy it'will bc commanded by thcDivisionid Wing Commander. A second company wi l l n o t beformed in any wing uiiless thc number of other w n k s undcr-going instruction exceeds 200, and similarly for subsequentcompanies.

Wherc the strength of a second 0.r subsequent compaqycxcceds 150 other ranks, one Captain w i l l be allowed for cnchcompany; i f of less than 150 other ranks it w i l l bc commandedby a Subalte rn. These Company Commanders w i l l be part ofthe Instructional Staff of the Divisional Wing.

Whenever possible, one officers' mcss will bc formed in

each Corps Reinforc.ement Camp for all officcrs.An Expeditionary Force Canteen should be provided.The following shops wil l bc formed in each Corps

Reinforcement Camp, an d will be under the CampCommandant :-

. Barber Shop.Tailor Shop,Shoemaker Shop.

23



5

Sec. 6 .

14. The specific ohjccts, functions, instructional cstab-lishments of the various G.H.Q., Army, Corps and Cavalry

School8 to bc maintained in France ar e given in detail in theAppendices.

6 . TRAINING IN AREAS.

1. I n command arcas, both of Armics and of Corps,Training Areas will, as Ear as possible, he providcd to allowof the tactical excrcisiug:-

(a) n Army arms, of a Division ;

( b ) in Corps areas,'of a t least a 13rigade.. 2. I n f o r v a r d arcus all billets reserved for thr. use oftroops rcsting f rom duty in the trenches should have connectedwith thcm-

(a) hyonet-lighting courses.(I,) Rangcs of at least 30 yards.( c ) I>ombing trenchcs.(d ) Drill grounds.

' (e) Recrcation grounds.( f ) Machine gun ranges.( 9 ) Light Mortar practice grounds.

(for the responsibility o f thcir maintenance when constructedBCB Sec. 4 , . para. 16.)

3. During training, the utmost use should bo made byall formations and units of visual means of communication,both by da,y a n d by night: whenever possible, telephoniccommunication should be dispensed with and mcssages

transmjtted principally or entirely by visual. To this end i nall training arcas regular stations should bc formcd fortransmitting mcssagcs by visual, thc personnel beingaccommodated in huts or tcnts.

, 4. I n all training previous to operations, the cadres ofPlatoons an d Sections must hc t rained as such and kept readyt o receive reinforcements. Amn~gamationshould, howevcr,be rcsortcd to when i t i n obvious thnt the unit will not bebrought up to establishment before thc operations.

5 . The training of men hefore operations in carryingwater and othcr articles by means of thc Yukon pack., find therehearsal of thc transport in t.he use of pack animals arepoints to which attention should be directed.

24



APPENDICES. The establishincnts given in the following Appendices ar e

as at present authorizccl.. This.pubiioation should, however ,not be quoted as aut.hority in this rcspcct. W a r 13stablish-ments, I?icrt VIIA., which are amended from time to time, asnccossary, is the a o t h o r i k y .

Appendix I.ARMY 1NFANTRY SCHOOL.

I

Number of Students.150 Officevs ... . ... ... Coinpany Commanders.150 N.C.0.s... Compan).-Sergcants-1\Iajor and Sorgcants. .

Dur.at ion of C'oiwse-l?ivc Weeks.

( A ) SYLLABUS F O R STUDENTS' COURSE.

1. Leade4c i .n .(a) Its meaning.(b ) l low t o acquire tho gift of.

(c )OFknsive

suirit . ..2. D&cipl ine .( a ) General behaviour and conduct of officcrs.(11 ) l'erscnnl appearance, physical fitness, punctuality,

saluting.

3 Norale.Its moaning and importance; rcsponsibility of Officers

and N.C.0.s regarding i t ; ,piltriotism; e s p v i t de corps;soldierly spiri t i n all formattons from platoon upwards to

the Army; psychology of the war.4 C'omwznnd.

Nccessity of system of conimand; bcaring of Oficers andN.C.0.s towards thcir men.

5. Organization.

Rat tal ion, Brigade, Division-a chain of responsibility.

6 . uvill.

(a ) Irnportitnce of, as a nieans to an end. .

( b ) Squad, with arms.(c ) Platoon.( d ) Company.(e) Communicating or " shouting "

drill. Habi t of Command.(nActing as Inst ructor and cheok-ing faults.

25



A p p i d i x I

7. D u t i e s of Co?tipn.n~/Coainianders and Officers.(a)System of billeting.( b ) March discipline.( c ) I n t he trenches.(d) I n the attack.

8. C a ~ ef A r m s , e tc .Ilifles, boyoncts,

respirators, clothing,ammunition,

iron rations,eqniprncnt,

water.box

9. Sanitation.

c

I n trenches, billets, bivouacs, line of march.

10. n i l l e t Life.How to care for an d gct the best out of the men i n billets.

11. IJrotect ion.

(a,) Advanced and flank guards, outposts.(6) Rounds, rcconnaissnncc.

12. A l l ach in0 2 J e t L

TFa?'fare.-S.S. 135 (revised edition)(a)Attack of taclical points.(b ) Organimtion previous to.(c) Distribution of troolrs for.( d ) Formation with rcgi~vdto ground.(e) Form?tion with regard to fire.(j)Close cominunication with t.roopson tho fln.nks.(gj Imporlnnce of clcaring areas or trcnches.

13. 1)efemce im O p e r i T V a v f u r e .

(n) Principal lines of dcfcnce. Holding tactical points.( b ) Taking up 'a defensive line. ,. . ( c ) Siting of trcaches b,y day and by night.

(d) Telling off and distribution of working parties.

14 . Al tack in 2'vcnch lVavfave.-S .S . 136 (revised edition).(a,) Organization fo r an attack from trcnches.( 6 ) Snpply of ainmunilion, bombs, rtrtions and water.( c ) Assembly places.(d)' Control posts.(e) Objectives.( f ) Direction of attack.(9)Fla,nks. '

(IL) Act.ion of vaiious lines.'

(i) Action of various wavcs.( j ) Clearing a trench or,?rea.

26



A r m y Znfwntry School.15. Defeirce in Trench Warfure .

(a) Construction of trenches and improvisation.( b ) Si.ting of trenches by day and night.( c ) Distribution and telling off of working parties.(dj Construction of splinter-proof shelters.

' ( e ) Loopholes, siting and construction of.( f ) Sapping, principles of.(0)Rapid wiring.( h ) Use of telescopes and periscopes. '

(i) Sniping, use of and methods to be employcd in.( j ) Construction of minc dug-outs.

16. l 'rench Ovders.

( a ) Desirability and object of.( b ) Organization of work.(c) Allotment of hours fo r watch, work, meals, etc.

17. Patrol Il'ork.-S.S. 195.

(a), Importance of command o€ N o Man's Land; correctaction of Patrols when enemy is met with.

( b ) How to organize.( e ) Bounds.

18. M u s k e t r y .

( a ) Rapid loading with dummies; correct bolt manipula-tion.

( b ) Aiming.( c ) Standard Tests in Musketry Regulations, and work

tha t can be done in billets.

(d ) How to improvise a 30 'yards' range i n vicinity ofbillets.( e ) Simple range practices on a 30 yards' rangc. How to

conduct grouping, application, rapid and snap-shooting practiccs and competitions.

(f)Descriptions of targcts.('1) Judging distance.(h ) Firc control.(i) Use of range findera and range charts.

( j ) Combination of fire and movement.19. Jfllnchine awl L e w i s Gsna.-S.B. 192, S.S. 197.

( a ) Principles of employment o f ; Tactics; the Lowis Gunessentially an offensivc weapon.

( b ) How to fire the L c w i s G u n ; and the mechanism o f .

* 27



A p p e n d i x 1. J

20. Co-oneration of a ll Arms. I

(U,) important-c of and method of: (1) within the:Battalion, ( 2 ) outside tho Battalion.( b ) Co-operation betwccn Staff and Regimental Officers.

21 . M a p Readimu.I

(a ) Simplc scales and ineaning of.( b ) How to read a m a p .

.

( c ) Use of compass; variation o f ; taking of angles;convcrsion of magnetic into t rue bearings.

(d) Setting a map bg conipass and by other methods.

22. I n t e l l i g e m e .

( i t , ) Serricc of security.( 6 ) Information.

, ( c ) Prisoners of War.( d ) Their treatment and disposal.( e ) Air photographs.(/) Warning a s t o withholding information, i f captured.

23. C'o))LnL,L?Lic(ttioii9in Ili,ttle--dfes.soges mid I?epor ts .

( I , )(c ) Minutes.( d ) Field messages, mcthods of writing. Method of

finding a person in the field and dclirering amess;rge.

( e ) Verbal messages, limitations of.(1)Reports, how to be written.( ! I ) Reconnaissanccs, simple form of.( h ) Trench reports.(i) lastruction in the Forward Communicntions of a

Division i n the attack. S.S. 135, 8.8. 191.

24. S y s t e m of ,slcppllJ.

(U)Ammunition.( 1 ) ) Supplies.

25. i l led ica l .(a)Care of fcet; standing orders on the subject.( 6 ) Fi rs t aid and use of field dressing.(c) Evacuation of the wounded, general principles of.

26. GBEDefence. S.S. 103.

( a ) Protective appliances.(b ) Lessons from recent gas shell bombardmcnts and gas

att,acks.

za

( Official letters, writing of.Memoranda.



ilriny I n f a n t r y ScIioo2,

( c ) Gas defensive organization and gas orders.( d ) Methods of anti -gas training.

27. A w e u t .( a ) llulcs for.( b ) Disposal of priso6crs under arrest.'( c ) Crimes and punishment on active service.

', ( d ) Field Gencral Courts-Martial.( e ) Army (Suspension of Sentence) Act, 1915.

i28. I 'h~/s icnl TrmLi~f i~v.-S.S. 185.. .

( a ) Bayonct fighting.

' - ( h ) Obstacle course.$9. N i g h t Tork.

Uwonet fighting, Bombing, Lewis Gun firing, Musketry,Wiring, llevetting, and tactical cshrcises.

30. Ridin(,.

All officers will bc instructed. f n simple equitation.

31. C o w p e l i r i o n s .

Competitions for tho best individual m d best platoonshould be held at the end of the course.

38. Si.m,i , le T a c t i c a l Ezercises-To T e u c h :-

.(m) Method of conducting.( b ) Knowledge and correct use of ground.( c ) Action of patrols.( d ) Method of deiiliiig with strong points.( e ) Correct employmcnt and. co-opcration of Infantry

weapons.

(f)Writing of messnges.(q) Communication w i t h units on flank and in rear.

(B ) SYLLABUS POI1 INSTRUCTION I N EQUITATION.

The time is shor t and lhc number of lcssons few, probably12 in i ~ l l(some additional ones may be voluntarily undertakenon half-holidays) : th e instruction, therefore, must be of the

. most clcmentary naturc.1 . Ride disciplinc-inonnting and dismounting-the

regulation paccs a t the walk, trot and gallop, theturns, etc., etc.2. Confidence on horscback.3. Elementary care of horses.4. Small jumps.

29



Appendix I.

Officers parade for equitation by platoons, which shouldhe divided into three rides:-

1. Those who can ride.2 . Those who have ridden.3. Those who have never ridden.The three rides ahould proceed simultaneouslp under

Instructprs provided for under Note 5 to cstablisbment.

. .(C) SYLLABUS FOR INSTRUCTORS' REFRESHER

COURSE.

1. Drill and habit of Command.2. Fire Direction and Fire Control.3. The attack-

(a)Trench to Trench I s . ~ , 143.35, s , ~ ,( 1 ) ) Open Warfare

4. Field Engineeriug, upkccp of trenches, organizationo f captured poiition for defence-

(a)In Trench System.(1 , ) I n Open Warfare.

5. Protection ;Advance Guards-Flank G u a r d s 4 u t p o s tPosition.

6. Topography.7. Intelligencc, Observation, Aeroplane Photographs,

Scoutings.8. .Inter-communication-Forward Communication in

Battle, S.S. 135, S.S. 191--Messages ,and Rcport.9. Physical and 13ayonet Training.

10. Gas Ikfcucc, S.S. .10:3.11. Interior Economy and Discipline. .12. Quick solution schemes.This Course should be carried out under supervision of the

General Sbnff of the Army, and tui tion from outside the Schoolshould he provided.

13. The Instructors' Year can be arranged as follows:- '

Weeks.Two Students' Courses and t,hen tcn days' leave 12

-Eight Students' Courses as above . . . . . . . . . 18 Refrcsher Course of sevcn days af te r 2nd and 6thCourses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Visit to Trenches 05 sevcn days aft er 4th tLnd 8th

Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-

52

30



ilr.mg fnfair lr i School .

The dates on which these ltcfresher Courses wil l tnke plnce

mill he notified to G.H.Q. 14 days. in advance, to enahlenrrangcincnts t o hc mnde for Instructors from Schools inEnglnnd.and Rase Tr ai ni ng Camps in France.to at tend , whenpossible.

14. Frequent intcrchnngc of Instructora between Schools\ at Honic.and in France w i l l tnke plncc.

( I ) ) 12fIe

Dotnil

1

1

1I.1 l o t f l t G . S .

1

Iterchsnge-able ,

1

1

14 1 3

33 3 bicyclcs4s13

401

I O

20

2 4 ciInrgcrs4 ( I )I,,,nlrLt,,roa, 'k.,IOC. - -

TOTALfeaciuiling at- 21 .81 3 hioyclaatachorl). 4 chargers

ATTncnED - Driver,A.S.C. -

TO'L'bLSCHOOL .._ 21 3 bicycles(iuclutling at.taohei1.) 4 ehargcrs

31



I

i

I '

Il'roasport.1. One motor car:

2. Two motor 'busses (from Briny 'Bus Section).3. Three lorries (from Army Auxiliary M.T. Co.). i'

'otes.

1 . (a) Includes a n Ins t ruc tor in hnbing and Lewis ;Gunnery.

( b ) Includes 1 Corporal.( c ) Includes I shorthand-writer.('1) Includcs 2 N.C.0.s and 1 Storeman.(e) For Cnntccn, Smitnry duties, Postal work, etel

Includcs 5 N.C.0.s.( f ) For the use of Officers on thc Instructional

Establishment.( U ) Includcs I 11.13. Officcr, who w i l l also perform thc

necessary I1.E. work in connection with theschool buildings.

Rank and file w i l l IJCof category lowcr than '' A."

2. Student Officers will bring their batmen. Bntmcn will. perform thc foll6winy dutics*:-l~emonstrations, L E . Con-

structions, assist in Officers' Mcsscs.

3. If svailnblc, immatures to the number of 200 will bostationed nt Schools to assist in a ll the abovc duties.marked *,except Sauitary,dutics, i n which case the number of N.C.0.sand mcn f o r gcncral dnties wilk be reduced to two N.C.O.8and 20 meii. A proportion of 1 in 10 should be N . C . 0 . s .

4. The Militnry Police arrangements for the Billetingarea m i l l bc made by the A.P.M. of the Army; the oncCorporal and tuo men are allowed for duties in connectionwith the School alone.

5 . For Equitation, whencvcr possible, 'a troop should besupplied from a Cavalry Division. This troop should be 30

strong, and be commandet by an Officer with Riding Schoolexperience.

6. A Rand should be provided by each Division in theArmy in turn fo r a week a t a time.

7. Command or extra d u t y pay has hccn sanctioned a3

follows :-Commandant, 5s. ; Chiof Instructor, Adjutant,Acting Quartermaster and Officer Assistant Instructors, 2s.

each a day.

32



Appendix 11.

C.0.s' COURSES AT AN ARMY INFANTRY SCHOOL.(A) OBJECTS.

1. To get. the Commanding Officers interested in the'School, and eiiliat their sympathies and invite their sngges'.

tions to any particular form of training most required.The system of teaching a t t he School will he very carefully

demonstrated an d discussed.

2. To give an opportunity f o r the General Staff of theArmy a nd of the Corps to hccome acquainted with Command-ing Officers and their diflicnlties and ideas, and vice yersa.

3. To assist Commanding Oflicers in an y technical pointsin which thcy may need instruction, e.g., Operation Orders,rapid framing of orders.

4. To promote th at co-operation between all arms on t hebattlefield.

5 . To assist Commanding Officers by means of suggestiona n 6 discussion of the methods of tra.ining and latest met.hodsof attack, etc., etc.

6. Commanding Officers, having any outst and ing pointsor lessons learnt from recent fighting, should hand i n a shortresume?of these on arrival a t the 8chool.

. 7 . A series of addresses will he delivered by Officersof theInstructional Staff of the School and others on subjects ofspccial in te rest to Commanding Officers. These addresses willbe followed by discussions, and i t is hoped by these means thatmuch valuable information may he obtained from thoseattending the course.

8. Visits to the Corps Reinforcement Camps will, ifpossible, be arranged.

(B) ARRANGENENTS.

1. Arrangements for C.0.s' courses should be made byArmy Commanders.

2. Not more than two courses should, as a rule, be heldconsecutively.

3. The courses should be'conduceed by selectcd infantrybrigadiers or B.G.G.S.s in turn, with a G.S.O.1 to assist forhalf each course. A representat ive of the A.G. and Q.M.G.branch should attend and hold discussions when considerednecessary.

33





A r m y Scouting School.

(11.) Special instruction is given to Officers n Intelligenceduties; in how t o train Scouts and Snipers, and how to help

Platoon Commanders with their Scou ts ; also in map reading,aeroplane photogra.phs, and reports. Other ranks receiveextra training in shooting and night work.

Crawling, self-defence and Jiu-Jitzu are taught by ArmyInstructors. . .

(111.) The time allotted to subjects .is approximately :-

Scouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 days. Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 days. Sniping an d, Musketry . . . . . . 6 da’ys.Examination and Recapitulation . _ _1 day.

-Total . . . . . . 15 days

(

netnil TOtd

Chief Instructor 1(Najor)

Assistant Iustrnctors 3(Cspts. o r Lieuts.)

N.C.O. Instmctors... 4

Coy. Q.N.6. . . . . . . 1 Pioneer . . . . . . 1

Privates . . . . . . 5

Baamon . . . . . . a

TOTAL (excluding 4 10 19attached) -

ATTAOHED--’ 1rmourer 8.0.0.-OTALSonoor, 4 10 10

iinoluding attnchcdl

35



A p p e n d i x I I I .

(a)One for Scouting.

One for map reading and observation.One for musketry and telescopic sighted rifles.

(b ) Joiner (Woodworkcr).( e ) 1 Storeman, 2 range wardens, 2 scouts for observation

purposes.(d) 1 Armonrer Staff .Sergeant with a knowledge of

telescopic sights.

NOTES.

(c)ltank and file will be of category lower than “ A.’’(ii.) The administrative duties have been allowed for in

the establishment of the Inf ant ry School.

(iii.) Officers’ batmen will assist in Officers’ Messes.

(iv.) Command or extra duty.pay a t 2s. a day bas beensanctioned for the Chief Instructor and for theOfticer Assistmt Instructors.



Appendix IV.

ARMY ARTILLERY SCHOOL.Number of Students.

60 Officers; 60 N.C.O.8.Duration of Co ws e- On e Month.

(A) SYLLABUS.1. Traditions of the Artillery.2. Physical Training.3. Marching and Sa lu tin g Drill.' Special attention to

discipline and turn-out.4.' Gun Dr ill (including stri ppi ng and sight testing).5. Drill Order:6. Riding Drill.7. Horsemastership. Minor ailments and tlicir tree&

ment.8. March Discipline. Discipline in billets.9. Construction of gun platforms, gun pita and dug-

outs, and use of camouflage.10. Repository and use of tackles and cordages.11. Care of Equipment.12. Ammunition (including Gas and Smoke Shell).13. Supply of ammunition.14.' Packing of vehiclcs.15. Organization with special reference to the Battery.16. Interior economy and general duties.17. Battery tactics.18. Telcphones and laying of telephone lines.

19. Co-operation with Aircraft and Infantry.20. Map reading and meteorology. .21. Gunnery (including use of Gun' and Slide Rules).22. Use of Director.23. Ranging and observation of fire (including ranging

on line of observation).24. Methods of laying out lines of fire.25. Error of the day; Calibretion; Registration.26. Shooting by means of calculations from Datum

Points.27. Reconnaissance, with special reference to Artillery.28. Air Photogrephs.29. Re-section and preparation of Battery Boards.

Schemes.Discussions.Examination.

37



- -

Appendix I V .

The following outside lectures should be afforded, if timeadmits and if lecturers are available ;-

1. Employment of Artillery.2. Infantry Tactics.3. Signals.4. Trench Artillery,5 . Discipline.6. Aeroplanes.7. Work of Survey and Sound Ranging Sectians.8. Work of Meteorological Section.9. A.S.C. Supplies.

10. Nedical Services.

11. Anti-Aircraft Work.12. Gas Defence.13. Employment of Gas' Shell.14. General Staff (C.S. Officcr).15. Administration (" A " Staff Officer)16. Care of Equipment (I .O.M.).

I (R ) ESTABLISHMENT.

SlSCts BankRidingK O 6 1 and ond

gts. File Horses

Commandant 1 1 1(Lt..COl.) . .

Aajt. and Quarter- i 1 1

master (Captain orSubaltern)

Battery Sgt..Major... 1 1Bsttcry Q.M.S. ... 1Clerks . . . . . . . . . 2 B. men Cooks . . . . . . . . . 4do. (i.)General Duties ... IS do. (iL)Batmen . . . . . . 2 do.

2 1 2

ATTACHED-O5cer Instructom

(Major or Captain)(c )

N.C.O. InStruCtOrs ... (d )Batmen . . . . . . (e )

Medical Omcor ... 1orderly, R . A . N . C . ... - -OTAL 1 12 2

(including attached) l 3 -. -38



A r m y A s t i l l c r y School.

iiOTE.-(i.) Add one Cook for each additional 50 all ranks.(ii.) Add 5 rank and file for each additional 50 all

ranks.(a)Includes one Lance Corporal.( b ) Includes one Corpord , one Lance Corporal.( c ) One O5 ce r Instructor to every 30 all ranks under

instruction.( d ) One N.C.O. Instructor to'every 15 all ranks under

instruction.(e) One for each Officer Instructor.

Command or extra duty pny bas been sanctioned asfollows:-

Commandant ... ... 5 s . a d a y .Adjutant an d Quartermaster . ._ 3s. or 2s. n day.Officer Instructors ... ' ... 2s. a day.

N.C.0 . s employed as Instructors at Army Artillery andTrench Mortar Solrools within the establishments laid down inO.B. 941, dated 11/10/16, and O.B. 1810, dated 11/10/16, will

be struck off the strength of their Units and replaced inaccordance with G.R.O. 1818, except that:-

N.O.O.8 of the rank of Corporal and under will beretained surplus to establishment on the promotion rolls oftheir Units, and i E recomrncnded will be eligible fo r pro.motion in thei r tur n. (30/Artillcry/5636 (A.G. l ) . )

Warrant i%icers, Class II . , will not he employed as

att achcd Instructors on th e .above Establishment.

39



Appendix V.

ARMP TRENCH MORTAR (HEAVY AND MEDIUM)

SCHOOL. Number of Students.

8 Officers; 100 Other Ranks.

Reinforcements as required.

.Drn.ntion of Course-Two Weeks.

(A) SYLLABUS.

1. Equipment and care of.2. Ammunition and care of.

3. Gun drill; Setting-up drill. ,

4. Principles of ranging and methods of observation;passing orders. .

5. Construction ot emplacements; use of ground. '6. Movement .over rough ground and coming into action

under differcnt conditions.

7. Ammunition supply.

8.. Principles of tactiea1~h;tndling.

9. Firing.

Special attention to be paid to general turn-out anddisciplinc.

40



Army Trench Mortar School

MENT. Tbtal

Commaudant1

(Lt.-Col.or Major)

Ad't and Q r. - M r .1

(Capt. or Sublth.)

Bt y. Sergt..Major... 1

Bty. Q.X.S. ... 1

C l e i k s ... ... 2

Nagaoinc ana Gun 2Park

R . E . Duties ... 2

Cooks ... ... 4

Goners1 Duties ... 17

Batmen ... ... 2

2 33

ATTACEED-

omccr Instructors(Najors or Capts.)

N . C . O . Instructors (f)

(Sgts.orlowerrank)

Batmen _ _ _ '... (g )

Medical Omcer ... 1 1

Orderly H.A.N.C ...1

~ ~~~

T O T A L (inclutliug a 2 35attached) -

(

41





. Appendix VI.A R M Y SIGNAL SCHOOL.

Number of Studcnts.A.F .A . : 6 Officers; 20 Other Ifanks.

In fan t ry : 14 Officers; 115 Othcr Ranks.

. Signal Service: IO* Officers; 45‘ Other Ranks.

DurnCmorr of Cowrse-Six Weeks.

(A ) SYLLABUS “ A . ” ’ ’

(fop Regimental Signallers.) .

1. (2 weeks) Visual Signalling.Reading and sending* with small flag, Lucas lamp, and

foldina shutter.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~. Subjccts dealt with in-T.M.S. , 1917, with special refercnce

to Chanters VI. a nd VII .Lectures on S.S. 191, ‘~,Inter-comniunirationn the Field ,”

a d organization of vijual communication.Map rcading and use of compass.Five minute lectures by Students.Reading and sending t with D3 telephone and. Fullcr-

phone.

2. (2 weeks) Tclephony, etc.Lectures on Elcmeiitary Electricity and theory O F

Telephones.Practical Instruction and lecturcs on Fullerphone, D3

telephone, trench tclcphone and buzzer and magneto s-itchunits.

Laying, jointing, basting and localising faults in over-ground cables.Wiring offices : organizalion of a smnll signal office, office

routine and method of dealing with messages.Practical instruction and lecturcs on messagc carrying

lockets and in care an d hand ling of pigcons.Lectures on S.S. 191, ‘‘ Intcr-communication in tho Fiold,”

and organization of runners.Five minute lcctures by students.

3. (1 mcck) Forward. Wirelcss Sets.4. (1 week) Combined Signal Schemes.

* Or eOUivRlOnt ~ ~ m b c mt shorter conmes.’. t The time al lok lo l l to y r u l i v . in r e a a i n ~nnd e o u d i n ~ns distinct from tile

transmiasioq,of rnessase~duriug schemes shoold be tho mi;lirnum ~ C C C S S ~ ~or“refreahhe and wming the Ixescrihei teetJ for Instrimtors’ and AssIst&utI n s t r U C t O I S ’ Certilie,rtcS.

43



_ _

A p p e n d i x V I . .SYLLABUS ‘‘ R.”

( F o r the Signal S o v i c e . )

Thc same as Syllabua ‘‘ A,” with tho followin’g changes :-

1. Duration, 1week.

2. Duration, 1week. Instruction w i l l be given i n testing an dlocalising fau lt s in buried cables as well as In overgroundcables.

3. Duration, 3 weeks. Trench and Forward Wireless Sets.

(B) ESTABLISHMENT.

Detail-~ommandant (Xajor)

Instructors (Captains)Csptains or Subltus.Company S.N. ...Company Q.N.S. ... 1Asst. Instructors 10

(Sergts.) --TOTALEXClUdhg 11

attached)ATTACRE*

General Duties. ... 13

Clerk ... ... 1Batmen ... ... 3

TOTALincludingattached)

11 17-( a ) Category “ B ” men. (Includes one Lance-Corporal.)

( b ) 2 Orderlies, 2 Storemen,. 4 Cooks for N.C.O.’s andmen’s messes (1 to every 30 Sergcants and Rank and File onthe Establishment and under instruction), 2 Cooks forOt€iccrs’.Mess, 3 Sanitary Duties.

44



Appendix VII.

ARMY ANTI-GAS SCHOOL.

Average' Number of Students.

30-40Officers and N.0.0.s.

Dwation of Cowse-One Week.

(A) SYLLABUS.

1. History of Gas Warfare.2. Breathing and Gas Poisoning.

3. Individual Protective Appliances.4. Gas alarms and other Anti-gas Appliances,5 . Protection of Dus-outs and Collars.6. Recent Gas Shell Bombardments and Cloud Qaa

Attacks.7. Gas Defensive Organization a nd Gas Orders.8. Methods of Anti-gas Training.Two-thirds of the time is allotted to Practical Work and

Drill. -ICRVICES A T ARMY1s. -

--

Chemical Adviser 1 1(Major, R.E.)

Asst . Chemical Adviser 1 1(Lieutenant, R.E.)

Clerk ... ... ... 1Stan-Sergeant _., ... . 1 1.Sergeants ... ... 1 1Corporals ... ... 4 4Orderlies ... ... 2 2Batmen ... ... 2 2Driver (A .S .C . , ii.'T.) _.. 1 1

TOTAL ... 1 2

218 --14



Appendix VIII .

ARMY MUSKETRY OAMP.

Number of Students.150 Officers; 160 Platoon Sergeants

Duration of Course-17 working days

(A) SYLLABUS.

(To, include Recreational and Bayonet Training.)A detailed syllabus of training in the use of 'the rifle will

be drawn up according to local conditions, but the followinggeneral principles will be observed :-

1 . . Instructors must recognise that it is necessary torevise the existing methods and spirit of elementarymusketry training, insomuch a s the recruit system " isunsuitable for semi-trained soldiers.

2. In war conditions t ime is an: important factor, andMusketry appliances are scarce. Therefore Instructors millconstantly eliminate non-essentials and also devise methodsof improvising simple appliances so that Musketry trainingwill no t suffer in back areas.

3. Intensive training methods wil l be taught with a view' to assisting units to carry out Musketry training when out of

the lino for short periods. (See also Appendix X X I . (C).)

4.

All training should be Collective (by Scctions) ratherthan Individual.

The advantages. of CollecLive instruction are that it :-

' 1. Tightens discipline-Commands given.2. Saves t i m c N o detail given except when

necessary f o r backward men.3. Inculcates the fighting spirit.

5. To inculcate the fighting spirit, all training devices

such a s dummy figures or targets should be regarded as R realenemy. Collapsible targets sboidd be used wheneverpossible. Bayonct and bullet training must ha taught as onesubject, and the bayonet will invariably be fixcd duringinstruction

46



. Ann!/ Musketru C a mp .

6. I n training, Pla toon and Section Commanders every

effort will be made t o develop tho powcr of Command. Intraining men, the Instructor will always strivc to producemen who :-

(a)Realise th at the rifle is their first and la stweapon.

( b ) Will implicitly obey all orders for firing.( c ) When control is no longer possible, have the

initiative to shoot , i n d kill an enemy who exposeshimself within close range.

(B) .ESTABLISHMENT.

Datail

Commandant (Lt.-col.) _..Chief Instriiotor (Major) ...Ad$

and QnR.rtermastec...MeAioal OfRcer ...~nstr l lc to~somcCiSj ...Cnulp Sergcnut-i\la]gr ...Camp Q.N.S. . . . . . .Assistant Ius trs , . ' (N .O.O.s )Clcrl's . . . . . . . . . Cook8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13utcher :.. ,., .._Groom . . . . . . . . . . & E . Duties . . . . . . . . . Qorcrtermaster's Stores _..N . O . ' s Or~l l er ly . . . . . .Batueu . . . . . . . . . GeneralDnties . . . . . .

(a)5 Captains and 5 Lieutenants:

( b ) Or bicycle.( c ) For rango duties, fatigues, sanitary duties,. postal

duties, police, etc. Includes 2 corporals.( d ) For orderlies.Rank and file will be men of category lower than '' A."

41



I 0

Appendix IX,

CORPS INFANTRY SCROOL.Number of Students.

80 Officers ... ... Platoon Commanders.80 N.C.0.s _._ ... Platoon Sergeants and under.

DuTation of Cowrse-Five weeks.

(A) SYLLABUS.1. (a) Learlmship.--Its meaning and how t o acquire the gift

of it.

( b ) Discipline.-General behaviour and conduct ofOfficers. Turn-out, physical fitness, punctuality,saluting.

(c) Morale.-Its meaning and importance. Responsibilityof O5cers and N.C.0.s regarding it . Patriot ism,esprit de corps, psychology ofi the war.

( d ) Powe? of Command.-Necessity of system ofcommand. Bearing of Officers and N . C . 0 . s towardstheir men.

( e ) Or(/arrizatiorr.-BattaIion, Brigade, Division-a chainof responsibility.

(f) Duties of Platoon Comrnandcrs.-In billets, on theline of march, in the trenches, in the attack.S.S. 143.

I.Drill.Importance of Squad and Platoon Drill. Communicating

driM.

3. The Attack. S.S.135 (rcviscd edition), S.S. 143.4. Organization of Fositions f o p Defence. S.S. 202.

Action t o meet a n attack on. a hastily prepared positionand on unprepared ground; taking up a defensive line; sitingof trenches by day and night; telling off and distribution ofworking parties; construction of trenches; revetting; wiring;siting an d construction of loop-holes; rapid use of entrenchingtook3; importance of patrol work.

5 . X u s k e t r y .

Care of arms; rapid loading with dummies; aiming;firing-posit ions generally; conduct of simple range practice8on a 30 yards range; range discipline; fire discipline and firecontrol; desciiption of targets ; judging distances; landscapeta rget s; combination of fire and movement; revolver shooting.

I '48



C o i y ~In fan t ru Schoo l

6. Lewis Gum . S.S. 197.Principles and employnient of, and how to fire Lewis Guns.

. .7. Co-opera t ion of d i f f e r e n ta rm s .Within the Battalion (rille, bayonet, bombs, rifle-bombs,

Lewis Guns); outside the Battalion (machine guns, lightmortars, trench mortars, art.illery, aircraft).

8. M ap read ing and s tudy of g ro u n d .Simple scales a nd meaning of; how to read a map ; use of

compass (variation of,.taking of angles) ;co-ordinates; settinga map by compass an d other methods; simple sketching; a i r

photographs.9. Uessages and Re por t s .Field messages, methods of writing; verbal mcssages,

limitations of; reports, how to be written; reconnaissances,simple form of. Inter-cpmmunication i ~ iho Field. (S.S. 191.)

10. S ys t em of S u p p l y .Ammunition,Supplies, Quartermaster's duties.

11. Sani ta t ion and Med ica l .In trenches, billets, bivouacs, line of march; care

of feet; first ai d and use of field dressings; general principlesof evacuation of wounded.1% Gas defence. S.S. 193.

Care and inspcction of anti -gas appliances; methods ofanti -gas t rai ni ng ; lessons from reccnt cnemy attacks.13. P h v s i c a l T r i i n i n g .

Recreational training. S.S. 137 (rcvised edition).Bayonet fighting; obstacle course. (S.S. 186.)

14. M i l i ta r y L a w .

Rules for arrest; telling OH and disposal of prisoners;crimes and punishments on active service.

15. Rainy (u'heie homes are av ai la ble ) .This should be treated rather as a rccrcation than as E

par t of the course, and should not be counted in the worklnghours at the expense Of more impor tant subjocts.16. Tactical Schemes.

Simple schemes to teach young Officers and N.C.0.s thetactical use of ground, handling of troops, and the arrival

instinctively at a quick decision when faced with a n unfore-seen situation, both in attack and defence; discussions as tothe exact fire orders to be issued, and the conveyance of theseorders to the men; simple orders to subordinates,; simplereports to superiors.

49 .



' / /

Appendix IX. .

In addition t o the above , there may bc lectures on specialsubjects by outs ide lecturers, as arranged by Corps.

(B: r.I&nk

Deteil. ana TotalFile

CauLmandalsnt (Lt..COl.) 1Chief Instructor (Major) 1.kljntant (Capt or 1

Licut.)

Quartermaster . . . . . . 1Medical Ofliocr nnd 1(4 2Orderly

Asst. Instructom fur 5Otucers (Captn.)

Asst. lnstructors lor 3N.C.0.s (Snbslterns)

Coy. Sergt.-nlajor __. 1Coy. Quartermaster- 1 1

[email protected]. Instructors 7 7

(N.C.0.s)Physical ana Bnyouct 3 11 IO al lottedFighting 1llvtructorll

Sergeant Cook . . . . . . 1Orclcrly Room Serge+ 1Military Police . . . . . .Clerks . . . . . . . . . Telephone Operators ...Quartermaster's StoresCyclist Oracrlics _.. bicyclesNesses . . . . . . . . . R.E.Duties . . . . . .Gcneral Duties. . . . . .Batmen . . . . . . . . . Groom . . . . . . . . . . :hargcrs i- k! _ _

.TOTALexcluding 121 3 bicycles

attadlea) a chargersATTACHED-Drivers, 3 2 L. D .

A.S.C.horses4 H.D.

--__ liornes

TOTAL SCHOOL .._(includingattachod)

horses50



C or ps I n f a n t r y School .

T r a n s p o r t .

2 G.S. Wagons.1 G.S. Limbered Wagon

N o t @ .

1. ( a ) Attached from Field Ambulance, acts as batmant o W O .

( b ) Includes 1 .Corporal.‘ ( c ) Includes 1 N.C.O. and 1 Storeman.( d ) For canteen, sanitary duties, p,ostal work, etc.;

mclndes 3 N.C.0.s.(e ) For th e’ use’ of o5 ce rs on the Instructional

Establishment.( f ) Includes 1 R.E. O5cer, who rvil! also perform the

ncccssary R.E. work in connection with tbc schoolbuildings.

Rank and filc will be meu of catesory lower t h m ‘‘ A..”2. Use Will b e made of troops resting in the Corps Area

for demonstrations and R.E. constructions. Servan ts ofStudent O5cers will assist in O5cers’ Messes, and, in addi-tion, when there are no troops resting in the area who can bemade available, will be used for purposes of demonstrationsand R.E. constructions.

The Military Police arrangements for the billeting .areawill be made by t he A.P.M. of the Corps; the 1 Corporal and9 men are allowed for duties in connection with the Schoolalone. .

For Equitation, 26 horses with a due proportion of groomsshould be provided, eithcr from the Corps Cavalry Regimentor, whencver possible, from Infantry Battalions.

The Corps Cavalry Regimcnt. should provide an officerwith riding school experience; if possible.

3, Refresher Courses and visits to the trenches forInstructors at Corps’ Schools . W i l l take place on a similaralternating system to tha t fo r Instructors at Army Schools

(Appendix I. (C ) ). Instructors will be granted 10 days’leave af tc r 3 consecutive Courses.

.4 . Command or extra duty pay has been sanctioned asfollows :--Commandant as., Chief Instructor, Adjutant,Acting Quartermaster, and Assistant Instructors for Officers2s. each a day.

5 1



Appendix X.

CORPS BOMBING A N D LIGHT MORTAR SCHOOL.

Number of Students.

B o m b i n g 4 Officers; 72 Other Ranks

Light Mo r t a r s 4 O5ce rs ; 15 Other Ranks.

Reinforcements fo r Light Mortar Bat ter ies a s required.

Duration of Course-15 Working Days..

(A) SYLLABUS.

1. Description and use of all kinds of bombs, flares,Very lights, and light signals, including enemy bombs.

2. Description and use of all.kinds of rifle bombs, inolud-ing enemy bombs.

3. Organization and tactics of Bombers and Rifle-Bombing Sectors in the attack and defence, in conjunctionwith other weapons. S.S. 182, Part TI.

4. Light Mortars. Equipment ; ammunition, care of;gundril l; ranging and methods of observation; passing orders ; uscof ground in the attack , and coming in to action in varyingcircumstances; construction of emplacements; .organizationand distribution of fire in the defence; ammunitidn supply;firing.

. 5. Tactics of Light Mortar in the a ttack, and defence irconjunction with other weapons.

8. Experimental work and application of new methods.

7. Uniformity of doctrine and tactics.

8. Turn-out and discipline.

9. Setting-up drill.

10. Organization and Interior Economy of a LighiMortar Battery.

59.



________

Chief Instructor 1 1(Captain)

Instructors (offlcers) 2 (Born bind 42 (Tren oh Nort ar)

Coy. Sergeant-Najor 1 1

Instructors(N.C.0.s)Privates ... ...

G Bomb ing)2 (Trench Mort a=

8 (a)

8

8

Batmen .._ ... 5 (b ) 5

TOTALSCHOOL. ... 5 1 8 13 21



Appendix XI.

CORPS LEWIS GUN SCHOOL:Number of Students.

6 Oficera; 72 N.C.0.s.

Drcration.of Coul.s+16 Working Days

(A) SYLLABUS.

1 . Thc mechanism and characteristics of the Lewis Gun,including stripping, stoppages, and the use of variousdcscriptions of mountings.*

2. Training and drill of Lcwis Gunners, allocation ofduties in R. Levis Gun Section and organization of Lewis Gunsin a Company and a Battalion. Attention should he paid torange discipline.

3. Tactics of Lewis Guns in-

(a)The Attack.

( b ) Tho Defence.

, 4. Tactics of the other ar ms ' and how Lewis Gunsco-opcrate with them, including the use of ground, the use ofscouts, all dcscriptions of offensive and defensivc action. Tobe exemplified by tact ical schemes worked out on the ground.

5 . Map reading, including t he figing of co-ordinates andfield sketching.

6. Classes in Anti-nircraft Gunnery will also be held asrequired.



-C o r p s Lewis G7.m School .

(B) ESTABLISHMEN

Zkotiiil TotalVi10

Chief Instructor (Captain) 1 1

Asst. Instructors(Subalterns)

2 2

Asst. Ii~stnlctor~N.C.0.R) 'J 9

Coy. Qnartennaster Sergt. I 1

Privatcs . . . . . . . . . 7 ia)ia) 7

Batweb . . . . . . . . .

TOTAL excluding attacbcd) R 10

ITTACHED- lo 23

Arruourer . . . . . ...

I

'TOTAL SCHOOL (including stt.schet1)

)rfiring, 4 or stripping.

(a) 1 Storoman, 6 range duties.

N a t e s .

(i.) Administrative duties have been allowed for 'in thoestablishment of the Corps Infantry School.

(ii .) Officers' Batmen Til4 assist in the Officers' Messes. '

(iii.) Command or extra duty pay has been sanctioned for

the Chief Instructor an d Officer Assistant Instructors a t 2s. aday.

55





Corps S igna l School .

(B) EST1 LI SH M ENTI ornm anad (Captain)

Asst. InHtruCtOr8 ...1

Coy. Q . M . S .Sergeants

. . . . . .

.. ...-OTALcxcluding

attached)

1 5

ATTACABD-(~)

General Duties ... 8

Clerk . . . . . . . . . 1

Batman . . . . . . . . .- .-1-

OTAL (inC1"dm' attached) 1 5 10 16 j 10 j

.. -~

( b ) 1 Orderly, 1 Storcman, 2 Cooks (for N.C.0.s' andmen's messes) , 2 Cooks (fo r Officers' me sses) , 2 SanitaryDuties .

NOTE.-^ Instructore (Captains or Subalterns) and. 2

additional Sergeant Instructors are drawn from units withinthe Corps and are relieved a t frequent intervals.

57



Appendix X I I I .

CORPS ANTI-GAS SCHOOL..Average number of students.

100 Officers and N.C.0. s.

Duration of C’ourse-One week

(A) SYLLABUS.

As for Army Anti-Gas School. (Appendix VII.)

(B) ESTABLISHMENT O F GAS SERVICES. AT CORPSHEADQUARTERS.

Coy.Q X . 6 . ... ...

Sergeants __. ...

Batmen ... ... 2

Drivcr,A.S.C., M.T. ._. 1-TOTAL 3-In addition, each Division mill detreh one gas N.C.O.

from the establishment a t Divisional Headquar ters for dutyat the Corps Anti-Gas School, and Divisional Gas Officerswill assist by giving lectures.



1

Appendix XIV.

CAVALRY CORPS EQUITATION SCHOOL.(70 Oficcrs, 200 Other Ranks.)

ESTABLISHMENT.

e Detail .

~

I

Commandant (Lt.-Col.or Major (a)Adjutant ( a ) .. .

R.S.N. ( b )

Q.1f.S. (b) ...

Clerk

SISergt. Farrier (a)

Shoeing Smiths (a)

Saddler (a) ...

Saddletree Maker (a)

Cooks (c ) ( ( 2 ) ...

Oenerai Duties ( d )

...

... 1

,'..I 5

... 1

1

...

TOTAL ... ... -a) Provided from Cavalry Corps resources.(b ) Provided from Base DepGt, available from dis-

banded Yeomanry Itegiments, and t o be made available bythe school as Cavalry Reinforcements, i f required.

(c) Includes 1 Indian.( d ) B. personnel.

Nom-Thc Commandant will receive command pay at35. a day; the Adjutant will receive extra duty pay at 2s. aday.

69



Appendix XV.

CAVALRY DIVISIONAL SCHOOL.

SYLLABUS.

1. T h e a r t o f ComTikand.( a ) I t s meaning.( b ) How to acquire it.( c ) System t o ensure continuity.( d ) Issue of orders, written and verbal.

2. Discipl ine and dlorale .( a ) Their meaning and importance.( b ) Responsibility of Officers.(c ) E s pTi t ,de Corps, its wider as well as regimental

meaning,( d ) Tarn out and smartness.

3. Or gani z a t ion o f a Squadr on .( a ) Its composition.( b ) Training of pcrsonnel in special duties.( c ) Detail of all ranks to spe$fio duties in billets and in

the field.(d) Living and working as well as fighting by units.

4. Li fe in Bille ts .How to care for men and horses, and g et th e best o ut of

both.5. D r i l l .

(a)The object and value of drill.

( b ) Its importance to obtain cohesion, and as a means ofdiscipline.

( c ) .A means of practising various formations required inthe field, thus gaining elasticity

6. T a c t i c s .(A) Protec t ion.

( a )At tbe halt .. 1. Protection of billets.

2. Outposts.( 6 ) On the move.1. Advanced guards.2. Rearguards.3. Flankguards.

60



*Cawdrg Diwision.al School .

(B) Recownaissance.1. Employment of Scouts. -.2. Reconnoitring patrols; when t o cmploy Oacers .3. Reconnoitring detachments.4. Reconnaissance in conjunction'with aircraft.5. Transmission,of information.6. Messages and reports.

(c) Co-operat ion.1. Co-opcration impossible without constant flow of

information upwards, downwards, and Iatcrally.2. Responsibility fo r inter-communication.3. With artillery and machine guns.

(n) Offensive Act ion.1. Combination of fire and movement; full use of

mobility.2. Uses of, and opportunitie's for shock action.3. Characteristics of Cavalrpfiro action.

4. Establishing, and extending, a bridge head.5 . Exploitation of success.6. Wood fighting.

( E ) Defensive A c t i o n .

1. Seizing and holding a position.2. Use of mobility in act ive defence. .

(P) B n p l o y m e n t of Machine and Hodchkiss Guns in-

1. Attack.2. Defence.

(Q) F i r e Contro l .

1. Description of tdrgets.2. Judging distance. .3. Fire orders.4. Supply of ammunition.

7. M a p r ead ing .

Uses of compass, and problems on the. map.

8.R.IT.A .1. Powers and limitations of the 13-nounder2. Full use to be made of their support.

61





PEnsoNnm

& 2 r,

1 Dotnil 1 I pq+3i Q s * g K

$ 0 11110

Commandnut (Lt-Col. orMajor) (a) . . . . . . .:. 1 1 Adjutant (a). . . . . . . . . 1 1

Clerk . . . . . . .:. ... 1 1 Coolrs (a ) . . . . . . . . . 5 5 General duties (b ) . . . . . . . 4 4

TOTAL. . . . . . 2 1 9 1 2

Commaudaut (Lt.-Col. orMajor) (a) . . . . . . . . . 1 1

Adjutant (n ) . . . . . . . . . 1 1 Squadrou Scrgt-Major (b). . . . 1 . 1 Squadron Qr.-Nr. Sergt. (a) 1 1 Clerk . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 Cooks ( c ) . . . . . . . . . 7 I General duties . . . . . .

____--- I l(<l) 4(4 5 TOTAL... .:. 2 . 1 1 2 1117





G.1I.Q. ~ S m o l lAvms School

(y) Outdoor tactic;J exercises, bringing out Infant ry

tactics and the employmcnt of Machine Outis in co-operationwith .Infantry Battalions i~ndwith other arms in:-

(i:) Advanccd and rear guards.(ii.) Attack and defence of villages and other

defended localities.(iii.) Attack and dcfcnce in open and semi-open

VJarfarc.(T) Machine Gun communications in battle

( 8 ) The co-operation of all a r m s .( t ) Organization of groups and '' batterics " of Machine

Guns for barrage work.

SYLLABUS FOR N.C.0.s.

The syllabus for N.C.0 .s includes most of the abovesubjects in a slightly less advanccd form. Part icular atten-tivu is paid to uali work. .

In addition, inatruulion is given in tbc followingsubjcctu :-

(a) Char?cteristics of the Xachine Gun.( 1 1 ) Cnre and cleaning.(c) Points before, dur ing and after firing.( d ) Stoppages and immediate. action.(e) Belt-filling.( f ) Indication and rccognition of targets.(cl) Fire orders.

(h.) Proparation of range cards. Use c ground, ancover.

(i) Night marching by compass.( i ) Physical traininE... . I(k) The tactical exercises for N.C.0.s include Infantry

tactics, the actual selection of gun positions, a nd exercises inbringing the guns into action in support of InfantryBatt .J1 'ions.

(B ) LE WI S GUN BRANCH.Number of Students. ' .

160 Officers; 350 N.C.0.s.nuration of Got~rses-7 and 15 Working days.

I.' A " COURSE.--LIO Company Commanders: 7 WorkingDays.

65



A p p l d i x X V I . /

OBJECTS.

( i . ) To make the Company Commander realise thoimportance of the Lewis Gun, as a man-killer.

(ii.) To shorn him how the posscssion of four LenG Gumaffccts the tactical handling of his company.

(iii.) To help him to organize the training of his LewisGunners.

SYLLABUS.

( a )Leetzrres.

. S . S . 197.Tactical lectures are given, emphasizing :-

( i . ) The offensiGe rBle of the Lewis G u n , both inthe trcnch-to.trench attack an d in opcn and scmi-opcnwarfare.

(ii.) The value of close co-operation between theLe& G un and the other platoon weapons.

(iii.) The value of thc Lewis G u n in dcfcncc.Othcr lcctures are given dealing with the training and

organization of Lewis G u n secti,ons.( b ) Tactical E'zexiscs.

!rhe r61e o i the Lewis Gun as a platoon weapon in openwarfare.

The value of its fire to covcr all movement when in closetouch with the enemy.

Siting of guns t o maintain ground already won.

Da y and night outpost work.

(c) Demonstra t ions .(i.) A Lewis Gun section moving to a position on the

flank of its platoon.Use of ground and cover, work of scouts, liaison and

observation of fire.

(ii.) A platoon attacking u.nder cover of the fire of its.,Lewis Gun.

Value of the Lewis Gun in neutralizing the firo of hostilernachinc guns.

( d ) Fire Contro l .Its importance.Indica tion an d rccognition of targets.Appreciation of ground.

66



S.U.Q. Small A m s School.

(e) Range Work.Confidence in hindlipg the gun. I t s effect a t close range

(500 yds.). Common stoppages and the way to remedy them.Value of carcful preparation of all guns.

(f) Jlechanical An o wl ed g e .Sufficient o givo a Company Commander confidence when

superintending the training in his Company, and to teach himwhat it is fa ir to oxpect the gun to do as a piece of machinery.’

(0)Anti:Aivwaft W o r k .

Explanation of the anti -air cra ft sight.It s capabilities and its limitations.The best ‘typos of mount ing and the best forms of fire.Tactical considerations in the use of small arms against

aircraft.

(‘B ‘ I GOURSE’.--80 Platoon Commanpcrs: 15 working days,

ORJECTS.

(i.) To make the Platoon Commander realise the

importance of tho Lewis Gun as a man-killer.

- (ii.) To teach him the value of close co-operation betweenthe Lewis G u n and the other wanpons in his platoon.

Principles of attack formation as laid down in S.S. 143,their elasticity, and the way they can be adapted to meet allsituations.

(i ii .) To make the Platoon Commander sufficientlyproficient in mechan’ical work to direct the training of his

Lewis Gun section, and to appreciate the work required toget a Lewis Gun i nt o action an d keep it in action.

SYLLABUS.(a)Zec twes .

The same as for “A” course with the addition of lectureson revolvers, indication and recognition of targets, andgeneral principles ofi machine gun mechanism.

( h ) Toct ical Esercises .

The same ground is worked over and the same situationagiven as for “A” course, but the point of view taken is thatof the Platoon Commander.

. .(c) Dsmonrlrations.

The same a2 given “A” course.

67



A p p e n d i x BV1.

( d ) Fi re C o n t r o l . . ’

Double the time is given to this subject as in “A” courso.

(e) I l e i d u e r Training.Delibcratc and rapid fire with eithcr hand.

( f ) German Machine Cim.

The student is taught to load and fire the gun and remedythe common stoppages, to cnablc him to br ing a captured guninto action in emergency.

(0) Uechanical Ti’ork.To give officers any very thorough knowledgc of

mechanism is not attempted, but they are taught sufficient toenable them to check their N . C. 0 . s and supervise the trai ningof thcir men.

(h) Ahti-Aircraft Inaln,,ctioi~.As for “A” course,, but in greater detail.

(.i) Rmage T o d .

As f o r “A” COUTSC, but in greater detail.%

I ‘ c ” COURSR.-350 N.C.0.s: 15 working days.

OBJECTS.

( i . ) To bring every man to the standard of ekciency, SO

that he can bring his gun into action in-the shortest possibletime, keep it in actioii as long as i t is rcquircd, and frrcaccurately a t any givcn target.

(ii.) To bring to the notice of Battalion Commanders a n vman of exceptional ability in order to get thc bcst men RS

instructors throughout the Army. %

(iii.) To reject men incapable of becoming cfficient LewisGunners.

SYLLABUS.(a) Lcctuves.

The same subjects a rc dealt with as in the officers' courses,hut thc point of view of the privcte soldier is taken a n d thelessons arc simplificd.

( b ) 2’actical Exerc ises .Use of ground a nd cover by scout8 and by the section.Choosing of gun positions.Supply of ammunition.

68



G.T€.&. Small Arms School.

Communication and co-operation with other .Lewis

G u n s .( c ) Ucmonstmtions.

As in "A" and " B." courses.

(,a) U7.ilZ ond P' lre C O 1 L t V O Z .

This is taught thoroughly and its groat importanceemphasized.

( c ) R e v o l v e r Tmining.

As in ('R " course.

(/) German Maclkirie Gwn.As in ' ' B " cours~ .

(0) R e m g e IVork. . .

As in '' U " COIIPSC, with particular attention t oobservation of f irc an_d remedying of stoppages.

(1') Uechnnicnl M a l e t l g e ., .

This.is taught thoioughly and a report sent to Djvisiunson every man's work a t the end of the course.

' (i) Anti-Aircvajt V 0 l . k .Explanation of thc ant i4rcraf t s ight .Method of adjustment.Practicc in ;Liming at model Aircrift.Rapid moiinting.

I(This hmnch of instruction will be dcvkloped t o includeaiming a t real aircraft.)

Use of the sight with bid1 ammunition on the raage, and. I

,

judging distance and speed of aircraft. , ,

69 I



I

A p p e n d i s X V 2 .

( C ) ESTABLISHMENT.

Detail

CoiiiwariAaut (Col.) (a

Xachine Den Branch.

Chief Instructor (Lt..Colonel ( b )

Instructors ( M a j 6 r s,Capts..or Lieuts.) (c )

Assistant 1nstruct.ore

(Mujors, Captains orLieutenants) (a)Adjutant sod Quarter-

umsterSsrgennt.Major _._Qn&rternmterSergeanlN.C.O. Iiistractors (e )...

TOTAL ...

LCl"i* cw, Drn,,ch.

Chief Instrgctor (Lt..Colonel) (6)

Instructors (Majors ,Cnpts. or JAeuts.) (c)

Assistant Iusrruotors(Majora, Captains orLlautouantu) ( d )

Ad jUtant and Qosrter.master

Sorgeint-Major ...N.C.O. Instructors ($1...

TOTAL ...

70



G . H . Q . Small A r m s ,School.

(C) ESTABLISHMENT^ ;mati?n'ed.)

Detail

Adn!,inisl,vative E'stuD-lishnlcnt.

Armonrers' shop ...Carpenters' R h " p ...Qnartcrmnster's starcsCleri is ... ...CoolCS ... ...Sanitary squad ...Pol ice dutios ...

Geucrnl duties ( j ) ...Batmcn ( j )... ...

TOTAL ..

T O T ~ L (cxclud-CHOOLing &ttachcd

Attached-K.A.M.C. ...Dri~crs ,AS.C.-

H:Y. ... ...M . T . ... ..,

Intorprotor

TOTAL S C H O O I ~ ( i h u ding at.tachei1)

Doiail

Motor oyclc with side c mBicycles ... ... ...

: : : I ;lotor car .. . ... ... ...Lorry, a-ton .. . ... ... ...carts, \vU*tcr.. .. . ... .. . jO T A L ... ... ... 10 6~.

71



A p p e n d i x X V Z .

NOTES.(4Genoral staff omccr. 1st grade .

(b) Graded as Geocrnl stnn omew, 2nd grade.

( c ) Graded as instructor, School oiimsketry, Hythc.

(a ) Graded as aSSiStDnt Instructor, School 01 M~uslicLry,Hytllo.

( 8 ) Inclndcs 15 per ccnt. qusrtennnster-sel.genllt inslrirctors .and

15 pcr cent. com1iany 8crgeant.rnsjor instructors.

tj)I ~ ~ U I O L I T C Cscrgcslt-major, 2 arrnonrer stsn.scrg:ceuts ana

1 privatc, A.O.C., and 5 men, ofcategory lower tlinn " A . "(0)2 sappers, L E . , and 4 mcn of catcgory lower tbnn " A . "

(h ) 2 sergeants, 1 corporal. 1 lence-corporal and 2 privates,

( i ) Includes 1 corporal.

( j ) Perwnnel of oategory of lower than "A."

(k)Act $8 Orderlies and batmen to mcdlcal offlcer.



Appendix ' X V I I .

G.H.Q.. ANTl-AIRCRAFT G U N N E R Y SCHOOL.

Number of Students.10 Ofticers arid 10 N.C.0.s from l h n c c .16 Oficcrs nnd 15 N.C.0.s from England.

U w a t i n i ~of Course-!rhrce Wceks.

(A) SYLLABUS.1. Ol~l'IC13ltS.(U) Lecllrr.rs.

'Yactical considerations affecting Anti-Aircraft Guns.Choicc and occupntiori oi positions.!relephoncs.Co-operthou w i t h llic R.F.C.Flying-formation-avoiding anti-aircraft fire, ctc.Aerop1;mes.Defencc of small i~rcas(Q.13.iarrage).Seavehliglits. (By a selected Searchlight Ollicer.)Battery Staff work.Organization of Section Commander's Staff when all the

h t e s t instrumcnts arc in use.

Theory t tnd usc of instruments.French mctliods..Ammunition supply.Gnre and usc of M.T.vehicles (by a selected Anti-aircraft

workshop Ollicer).Administration and organization.

( b ) I ' m c t i c n l .Shooting.Occupation. of positions.

Constluction of platforms.Construction of'dug-outs.Cnmouflage.Use of instrumcnts in the field.Telephones in the field.Identification of aeroplanes.Calibrntion of guns.

rI. N.c.o.~.(U) Lectl'ves.

Battery Staff work.Diition or N o. 1 and Section Commander. .Telephones .Administration.

73



cA p p m d i z X V I I .

Ammunition supply.Occupation of positions.Identification of Aeroplanes snd method of instruction in

the same.Care and use of M.T. vehiclcs (by a selected Anti-aircraft

workshop Officer).. ( b ) PraeLical.

Subjects as for Officei(B) EE ENT

Detnil

Commandant (Lt . -Col . )(a)

Adjutnnt(b) ... ...

Instructors (b) (c) .I.

Asst. Inlitructom ...

Batt. Sgt.M&jor ...Batt. Q.M. Sgt. ...Clerks ... _._ ...Cooks ... _._ . .

General Duties (a) ...Batmen ... .._ ...

TOTAL .._ ...

(U,)With command p;( 6 ) With extra d u t y I( e ) One Major, I Cap( d ) Includes 1 Corpor

A t uched-One Section of 2 13-pdr. guns (see War Establishments,

P a r t V I I . , A, No. 501/23).

One Section of 2 &inch 20 cwt. guns (see War Establish-ments, Part V I I A , No. 641).

One Section of Searchlights, when available.

74



Appendix XVIII.

R.E. SCHOOL.

Number of Students.

40 Officers-Commanders and Seconds in Command of FieldUnits, R.E.

nuration of Course-Three weeks.

(A) SYLLABUS.

I. S d j e c t s for l ec t ures , etc.

Responsihility'of Oiiicers of R.1:. units f o r offer ing adviccon technical mattcrs , and responsibllity generally.

Co:operation with Tnfantry working parties and rcspectiveduties of Officers commanding parties and R,E. Officers.Relations of Ficld Company Commanders to Brigade Com-manders when \vorkins with Brigades.

Employment of Pioncer Dattalions and Infantry attached.to R.E. units.

Economy of material in design.

Responsibility for proper use of stores and prevention ofwaste.

Training of personnel of Field Compmjies in militarycngineering othcr than field defences.

,

German mct.hods, including rcfcreuce to German textbooks.

Publications issued from Engineer-in-Chief's office.Sta ndard dcsigns for usc of Infantry (Rcvision of Trench .

Warfare Diagrams. S.S. 196.)

Consolidation of craters, ctc.

Organization of R.E. work when holding a line (S.S. 108).

R.E. instructions vhen a Division takes over a line

(S.S. 104).R.E. preparations for offensive operations (S.S. 145) ;

duties during an attack; aftcr a successful attack and whenthe objective is not attaincd.

Engineer reconnaissance in an advance.

75



, d ppend i x X V I I I .

Field Defences:-Strong points, rapid wiring, rcvetting,

drainsgc, concealment of work i n progrcss, and preliminarywork of camouflage, subways, shell-proof cover (S.S. 116),

deep dug-outs and their ent.mnccs, communication trenchesand their defence, O .P . s , rein'iorced concrete as n p p l i c d t ocover.

Demolitions.

Road making.

Forward Light Railways and Tramways.

Water supply.Tactics and field fortifications.

Interior cconomy, disciplino and equipment.

HorRemastership.

NOTE.--Uiscussions a re held after lectures, when Officersunder instruction are invited to bring forward points f o rconsideration and itcius of value gained from their ownexperience.

2. J 'ro jec t s , Practical lVork o:ird V i r i t s .

Engineer reconnaissance, including restoration of a hridge.

Construction of StrCllg points and other field defences.

Visit to Bridging School.

Harness fitting and wagon picking.

Vi.sit to Trench'Mortar School.

Water supply schcmc.

Demolition scheme. ,3. Special Lectures.

Gas.

Camouflage.

Tanks. Provision oi R.E. material.

Workshops.

Intelligence.

Defensivo emp!oymcnt of Machine Guns.

Artillery and its relation to the siting of trenchcs.

76



Comnandaut ana Chic1 Instructor I ( a ) 1 instructors (nlnjoru). . . . . . . . . 2 2 Aiij,,tant and Qii:~r1crm~%sler... 1 1 Clark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 I)l.n!,gi,tsman.. . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1jntmcn . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 (a) 4

T O T A L SCUOOL . . . . . . . . . 4 1 5 10

71



Appendix XIX.

BRIDGING SGH.0OL.

Numbcr of Studcnta.

20 Officers; 100 N .C .0 . s and men:

Duration of Cowse-Ten Days.

(A) SYLLABUS.

1 . Lectures ... . .

1. Bridges gencrally. '

2. General description of Stock Spans.

3. Reconnaissance and organization in connection withthe crcction of beavy bridgcs.

4. Designing short span bridges.

5 . Piers, abutments and pile driving (three).6 . Stresses and resistances in tacklcs and aochoragus

(two).

7. Designing and ovganizing rccor&uction ofdemolished spans (an exarnplc).

8. Army Bridging DepbLs.

9. Cantilevers and false wok.

10. The solution o f schemes (two).

. ' 11. Loads and stresses.

13. " 13 " class bridges.Lifting bridges.

13. " B '' class bridges (lif ting bridges).

14. Inglis bridges.

16. Hopkins bridge.

16. All classes will be lectured as opportunity offers during

work, in the following:-(a) Components and parts of ea& span.

( b ) Tackles and anchoragc.( c ) Bridging stores

78



Uridyi?lg S C / & O O l .

8 . Schemes.’

(;)‘A short span, to be bridged (i.) with baolk timber;( i i , ) with R.S. Joists; (iii.) with grccn timhcr cut a t or nearsite.

( b ) A known gap in front of the Armies, a r r deliberate ’’scheme for vhich 4 days are given, officers working in theirown time. -

(c) A known gap in front of the Armies-scheme handedout a t 10 a . m . , to he handed in a t 7 p.m.

3. P m e t i c a l m a r k .

Erecting superstructure 85 f t . “A” class bridge. .Erccting superstructure GO ft. “A.” class bridge (Deck).

Erecting, Inonching, recovering, and dismantling 85 f t .‘‘ A ”.class girder.

Erccting, launching, recovering, and disniantliug GO f t .“ A ” class girdcr.

Erecting 30 ft. “A” class bridge.

Erecting 21 f b . 6 in. “A ” class bridgc.

Erecting Portal httorn lift ing biidge. .

Erecting llnvit. h t t e r n lift ing bridge. ..

Erecting GO ft. ‘‘ R ” class girders.

lbccting imd dismantling light Inglis bridge.

lnverting light Tnglis bridge.

Erecting lieavy Inglis bridge.

Erecting heavy Inglis t w i n bridge..

Erecting Inglis rectangular bridgc.

Erecting derricks, hot11 lattice and pole.

Erecting trestles.

Erecting steel cubes.

Erecting pile drivcrs.

1nst.iuction in oxy-acctylene metal-cutting plant.

No~E.--Hridging hg night will be carried out on 3 nights,no flares being used.

70



Appeirdix XIX.

(B) ESTABLISHivEENT -

-2

::~~ -

Comrnaodnnt and Chief '

rustructorh ) ... 1 . 1

hstructars(b) .._ .._ ... 3 3Adjutant ... ... ... 1 1

Senior Assistant Instructor ... 1Coy. Sgt..Najor . . . . . . ... 1Coy. Q:M.S. ... ... ... 1

Aa~istan t nstruclorll ... ... 6corpora1 ... ... ... 1

Storekeepers ... ... ... 3Clerks ... ... ... aDraughtsman (niceh.) ._. ... 1

Piivates ( f ) ... ... ... 33

Batmen (1) ... ... ... 5I- -TOTAL ... ... ... 5 60

-(a) M a j o r , R E . (o r Lieut.-Colonel, R.E., .if n o suitable. Major is available).

( 6 ) Captnins, R.E.

( c ) W a r r a n t Officer, Class I.( d ) Ihcludcs I Corporal nnd 2 Sappers.

( e ) Sapper.

(f) B '' personnel.

( 8 ) Includes 1 Lance-Corpor;LI.

80



Appendix XX.\

G.H.Q. WIRELESS SCHOOL.

(Signal Base Depot.)

COUTM “ c.”Number of Students-15 Signal Service Officers.

DUTatiOn of C o w : s e 4 weeks.

Course ‘‘ D.”

Number of Stude~ts-15 Wireless Telegraphy N.C.0.s ofDivisional Signal Companies.

Durat ion of Course-6 weeks.

Course ‘‘ I.”

Students : Listening Set personnel.

D u ~ a ~ i o n Course-S ix weeks.f

(A detailed syll;ibus of tho above courses has been issuedto all concerned.)

INSTRUCTIONAL ESTABLISHMENT.*

1 Cnptain.

2 Subalterns.

1 Mechanist Staff-Sergeant.

5 Sergeants.

I3 Corporals and 2nd Corporals.8 Sappers.

Drawn from tho establishment of the Signal Bane Deiml~.

81 I



.Appendix . S I .

/SSAULT, PHYSICAL AND RECREATlONAL /ltAINING COURSE.

(Hcld at Headquartcrs, P. and B.T.) /~hLVn.tiork of Couvse-Thrce Weeks. 1 . .

1. . Object.-To develop tho power of leadcrship i d JuniorOficers and N.C. 0. s in thc,essential elementary training.

2. Students.-Specially selectcd Officers and N.C.0.s are

accepted as follows:- . . .(a) Per Cavalry Division :-

(i.) 9 O5ccrs, i.e., I per Regiment.(ii.) 27 N.C.0.8, i.e., 1 per Squadron.

( b ) Per Infantry Division:-(i.) 3 Oficers, i.e., 1 per Brigs$e.

(ii.) 13 N.C.0.8, i.e., 1 per Bnttalion.The rnaxirnum number of reprcsentatives which can be

accepted for any cnc coursc ar e those of one Cavnlry Division

and of tcn Infantry Divisions.3. S:ncbjects.-(a) Drill and Discipline.

(6) Physic'al Training; th at is to say, the method ofcarrying cut physical and brain stimulating escrcises fortroops in the field after complction of a spell in trenches.

(c) Assault Training (S.S.165):-

(i.) 1st Stagc--Ballot and Bayonet.(i i. ) Method of using the bayonet for clearing a trench

during night work, patrolling, etc.( d ) Rccreationd Tvaining (S.S.137) :-

(i.) The method of organizing games for units in thefield.

(ii.) Method of " r u n n i n g " boxing, athletic sports,tugs-of-war, cross-country races a nd all recrea-tion which can be carried out near the line, .

4. S?/Zlabus.-(a) 1st Stage (3 days)-Sections tr ained in

technique icnder Staff Instructor.( 0 ) 2nd Stage ( 6 days)-Lcadership in subjects developed

undcr Staf f InstrucLor.

( c ) Final Stage (3 days)-Application of leadership byOficcrs and N.C.0 .s of Sections.

82





. A p p e n d i z XXZZ. -Interes t will lapse if any exercise is practised for too.$ng

a t a time, and unless the Instructor shows keenness andenthusiasm.

Rofresher classes for Officers and N.C.0.s should always beheld on the cvcuing previous to the instruction given. , '

4. During training hours there should be breaks, say, of10 minutes in every hour, for games,, short runs, srnqking, etc.

On at least two or three days 5 wcek there should be half-holidays for Competitions and Recreational Training.

6. Thc spirit of Competition should he introduced intoas many exercises as possible. An element of sport should be. introduced into training.

6 . The morning's work should invariably terminate withsome form of ceremonial or steady drill, e.g., march past bySections, Platoons, Companies or Column of Fours.

(B) SUGGESTED PROGRAMME FO R INDIVIDUAL,SECTION, PLATOON AND COMPANY TRAINING.

1. Daily throughout the whole per iod.

7.30a.m. to8.0a.m. or 9. 0a .m . to0.30a.m.

- Bat ta l ion Parnde.-As strong as possible, including a8

many as possible of Battalion lieadquarters (Fighting andAdministrative). Parade on Battalion Parade Ground. i fpossible; if ground does not admit, parade OP Company

Pa ra dc Grounds.

'Subject.-Drill and Ceromonial.

A definite progrcssive programme of work, e .g . , fromSquad Drill without arms u p to Battalion movcments(Tnfdntry Training, 1914); for this daily parndo th e pro-gramme should be drawn up and circulated by Battalion' Headquaitera.

Denionatrations of good and bad drill to be given on thisParadc (Soc. 4 , para. 7); these should be prepared hy theBa:talion Commander or some Officer delegatcd by him.

'Suggested subjects: Guard Mounting, Pla to on , DrIII, RifleJXerei$es, Saluting, Words of Command, etc.





A p p e a & x X Y I I .

2. 0.0 a.m. to 12.30 p.m., or 9.30a.m. to 1 p.m. for days allottedt-

(a )FyZiuidzraZ Tmining (3 to 1 days).-The training ofthc i n d i v i d d man in the us0 of riflo, bayonet, and otherw e a p o n s . The box rc'spirator should be worn during part ofth e training with cnch weapon.

Time to bc divided into four pcrio+, with short breaksbetwceir periods for smoking and discussion :-'

Period l.--Muslretry.

,, 2.-Physical Training and Dayonet Training.

,, 3.-Bombing, aiflc-Bombing, Lcwis Gun, Sniping,Patrolling, etc.,, 4.-Last helf hour; Ccrcmonial, march past. by

Sections or Platoons.

= ( I , ) ,Section 7'rai&q (3 to 1 days).-The training ofindividuals in thc Section to work in co-operation (as a team)under tho Section Commander, as fol lows :-

(i.) Training in lire discipline, fire control and theassault, in addition to individual instruction in

musketry and bayonet training.(ii.) Training in scouting and stalking, sniping,

observing, patrolling (as time al lows) .

(iii.) Rifle sections can also be trained to work as abombing or rifle-bombing team in attack ordeEence, if considered necessary.

Time available divided into periods, as in (a).

Nom-Each Section should trai n its own Scouts,

(c) Platoon, I'mining (3 to 1 days),-The training ofSections to work in co-operation under the PlatoonCommander.

I'oriustiuns for ' \ t h c k ;Assault practico; Battle Patrols;Rccornrioitrinc. P. i t ro l s ; A t t . i c k of strong points on FleldE iiiiig Rniigt:, i i possib!e; Rnpid w i r i n g ; Training in clearingan nrca; Precautions against gas, and-gas drill.

Time available divided U P into periods. &a in (a).. .( d ) C o n p a 7 ~ yTraining (from 3 to 1 days, according to

timc available).-The training of the Platoons and CompanyHeadquarters to be carried on in coLoperation under theCompany Commander

At this stage classes rejoin the Company.

88



, T r a i n i n g a Ba t t a l i o n .

In addition to subjects cnumcpted under PlFtoon Train-ing, special at.tention is to be paid to co-operation amongstplatoons; training of runners and signallers ; incdcating agood system of allotment of tasks for work; rallying andre-organizing; attack formations, with variations; assaultpractice competitions; platoon rapid wiring competltions;platoon drill competitions; platoon musketry compctitions;attack of strong points or locnlitles h j ~one platoon whileremaindcr look on a n d criticise; practice gas alarm, duringwhich the respirator is worn without interrnpting the work in

progress. -3. During Individual, Section and Platoon Training, a

sufficiency of targets, bombs, mre, tracing tapc, etc., must beprovided. A careful allotment of available ranges, assaultcourses, bombing trcnohes abd pits a n d all necessary equip-mcnt must bc made hy Battlilion Ueadquarters to Companies,so that '' clashing I' will not Lake place.

4. Denomt?-ations.-In addition to demonstrationsreferred to in para. 1, any demonstrations to Companies or theBattalion considered nccessary should take plncc at 0.30 a.m.,before commencing the morning's work, or a t 11.45 a.m.

The following are snggcsted subjects for dcrnonstration :-

Attack Forrni~tions.

Trench to Trench Attack on Field Firing Range, by aPlatoon.

Clearing a trench or au area.Assault.

Action of Rattle Patrols.

Action of Bombers in an Attack.

Formations for Night and Wood Fighting.

Fire Direction and Control-on Rangc.

Method of Conducting a Grouping Practice on ' 30

yards' Range.

5 . Classes.-During Individual , Section and PlatoonTraining :-

Sipnllers, 1 Under Signal Oflicer.Runnerg,

07



Runners should be trained in map-reading, semaphorc,

verbal message work, the delivery of messages, etc. (P.S.R.,Part I. , Chapter II., Section 20. It is specially importantthat all runners should be acquaintcd rvith their dutics underSection 20 (4 ) . ) '

Scocts I Four per Coinpnny under Scouting Officer

and Scouting N.C.0.s.

The .above wil l he eserciscd i n Physical Training andBayonet-fighting, Assault, and G as Drill a t convenient timcs.

Sanitary men. Under Medical Officer as required.

8. W e d c e s d a g s a d S'otwdays.-E\.cning entcrtninmcnt,s.

Conqcrt. '

Cinema.

Boxing.

Lectures by outside Lecturers or Officers returnedfrom Schools. -

Dcbatcs on Military matters.

Lantern slides showing aeroplane photographs, etc.

(C ) NOTES ON MUSKETRY ' J . ' l tAIN:ING.

(For Units out of the line for short ii'criods of rest.)

1 . The men should receive as much practice as possihlein handling thei r rifles in all firing positions, both in thc operand from cover, bolt drill, and f i r i n g on a 30 yards' or long

-range.

2. On the first Dlusketry Parade the men should bcquickly put through the following tests, to ascertnin theauhjects in' which they require special practice :-

( a ) F i r i n g Z'ositioibs.-The men should be orderedto assume di fferent positions, such as standing or'

crouching behind cover, Iging i n the open, etc., andfire (without ammunition) 5-10 rounds slow, followed

' by 10 rounds rapid.I



Tr a in ing a Bat tal ion.

Whilst they are firing th ; following should be

noted :-

Positions. ‘Trigger Pressing.Manipulation of Bol t .Mcthod of holding the riHe.

( b ) Aiming.-The men should be tested i n thoprone position, or with the riHes rcsted, aim beingtaken a t an eye-disc. The eye itsclf should be used i fno eyc-disc is available.

( c ) l h p i d Londing.--Six chargers in ono minute.I f duinmies are not available, bull ammunition

can he used, n covk or piece of wood being firmlywedged in behind the trigger, so that the lattercannot be released.

The nicn shonld lic close to a bank.‘

These tests should hc carried out collectively, withthc exception of the tesl for aiming, and should nottake longer than 15-20 minutes.

3. If 30 yards’ ranges arc available the incn can also hetested by means of a grouping a n d a rapid practice.

4. Thc following is a suggest,ed method of carrying outincense training in Musketry i n cases where only o n e hour nday is availablc (excludiiig the time spont on the range) :-

TiVSt HO t k 1 . .

10 minutcs Pronc Position in the opcn, all rates of fire (i.e.,

Slow, Snap-shooting, and Rapid) .

5 ,, Bolt Drill in pronc position.10 .. Q,ucstions on Cure of Arnin.io ;; Rapid Loading.10 ,, Bayonet Practice. @!ob stick.)1 0_ .. . Sl;iLndine Position behlnd cover, all ratcs of fire.5 ;: Bolt lhii l in standing position:

Secoitd H o u r .10 minutes Standing Position in the open:nll rates of fire.10 ,, Practice in trigger pressing and testing aim.I O ,, Muscle Exercises. (S ta nd ing position.)15 ,, Jndging Distance.i o .. Bayonet I’racticc. (Blob stick..)5 ,, B o l t Drill i n prone position.

89



Appendix S X I I .

Third , H O W .

10 minutes Prone Position bchind COYCV, all rntcs of fire.

5 I , Bolt Drill in prone position.10 ;, Lecture on Concentretion and Distribution of6rc.

10 ,, Rapid Loading.10 ,~ Fire Discipline training.10, ,: ' Bayonet Practice. (Blob stick.)6 . ,, Bolt Drill in standing position.

F o w t l b I f0, lkr .

10 m'inutes Other Positions hehind COY~I'.

5 ,, Bolt Dri ll in prone position.10 ,, Practicc in Indication and Recognition of

Ohjeck.IO ,, Brtyonct Prect,ice.10 ,, Questions on C s r c of Alms.10 ,, Sta nd ing Position i n the open.5 . ,, Bolt Drill i n standing position.

Traini ng on subsequent days can be carried out on similarlines.

(D) FIELD PRACTICE (BAYONET-FIGHTING AND

MUSKETRY).

1 . This practice is designcd to impress on the minds O F allranks:-

( i . ) The necessity for the ready use of rifles.(ii.) The co-operation hetween firc and movemcnt.

(iii.) The co-operation between the bayonct and tho

bullet.Rattle practice may be carried out by Sections, Platoons,'ompanies, or Uattalions, according to the .ground and

facilities available.

2 . For purposes of explanation a Platoon is herc taken asan example :-

(i,) Dress-Fighting drcss (S .S. 133, revised edition,Section SSSI.) .

(ii.) Formation-Platoon in lino, or in column of

Scctions.(iii.) The objective is pointed out.(vi.) The Platoon advances towards the objective in

artillery formation of Sections, preceded. byscouts.



(vi.) The target is engagcd by riflc firc of thc Platoon.( v i ; . ) Thc Platoon advances b y alternate rushes of

Section$.( v i ; ; . ) The target disappears.(ix.) A targct appears (out of range of riflc-bombs)

some f e w minutcs later o n t h o originalobjective.

~

(x.) Thc Platoon dcals with the target in the sameNay.(xi.) .Whon w i t h i n assaulting distance, tllc Platoon

delivers the assault. For this purpose, if pos-

sible, a bayoiict-fighting course should be pro- .vided; i f this i s uot possibla, some sackx torepresent the enemy mill sulfice, but correctbagonct-fighting iucLlrods must be insisted on.

(xii.) The objcative is gained, patrols pushed out,

scntrics postcd, and consolidation comrncnccd.(xiii.) A surprise target is shown a n d rapid fire opcncd.

3. The practicc can be carried out over any distance fromn 30 yards' range upwards, hut, nalurally, the more nearly thedistance over \rzliich this practice is cat ricd out approaches thatwhich would obtain in battle, t he better.

It should be carried out, whcnever possible, over roughground n r i d with ball ammunition.

I n order to bring about Lhe primary object of the practice,namely, Lhe u s e of the rifle, n o other weapons but the rifleshould be uscd a t first. At a Iatcv stage, when all.rnnks areproficient with the rifle m i l bayonet, tho usc of Lewis guns,rifle-homhs, and bombs may be introduced.

. .

91



Appendix XXIII.

GENERAL STA FF O FFI CE RS (TRAJNING).

DUTIES OF G.S.0.s 1 (TRAINING), I N ALENIES, ANDOF G.S.0.s 2 (TRAINING), :N CORPS.

The duties of G.S.0.s l '(Training), Armies and G.S.0.s 2

(Training), Corps were broadly outlined in G.H.Q. lettersO.B./1146,datod 14/2/17and 2 6 / 3 / 1 1 , . as fol lows:-

1. The C.S.0. 1 (Training) , Armies, nssist.ed by the

G.S.0.s 3, should kecp in close touch with:-(i.) Tho Commandants of (a) Army 1nf:mtry Schoolsand affiliatcd Army Scouting, Observation andSnipin Schools; ( b ) Army ArLillery Schoolsand af&inted Army Trench Mortar Schools;(c) Army Signal Schools.

(ii.) Superintenden& of Physical and BayonetTraining.

'

(iii.) Commandants of Army Musketry. Camps a n d

other officers superintending Musketry In -struction.( i v . ) Chemical Advisors.(v,) Fighting Troops through Corps Commanders an d

their G.S.0.s 2 (Training) o f Corps.(vi.) Area Commandants as regards Tra in ing facilities

and stores in RTCRS.

2. The G.S.0 .s 2 (Training) of Corps should kecp in close

touch with :-(i.) The Commandants of (a) Corps Tnfantry Schwls,

and all schools alliliated to them; (G) CorpsSignal Schools.

(ii.) Corps Jfachine Gun Officers.

(iii.) Commandants of Corps R,einforccmcri t Camps.(iv.) Chemical Advisers.(v.) Area Commandants as regards Trnlning

facilities.

3. Normally thcir duties will be best carried out byconstant supelvision of the troops at work in training areas,by arranging dcmonstvations, by giving lectures andarranging for outside lecturcrs.

92



INSTRUCTORS.

APPROXIMATE ANNUAL OUTPUT OF INSTRUCTORS(OFFICERS AND N .C .0 . s ) PER BATTALION FROMSCHOOLS IN FRANCE.

er Rott&lion.Bahool. In what CnDacity.

Army Infantry ... 3ampany Commanders.Company Sorgeant Majors.

OWcer BN.C.0 .Instructor’S.

Army sod Corps . 2 ’ 12 OWoer WN.C.0. Instmctors.1igna1 1 1 A w e : Artillery Instructorstrained i n addition.

Army Nuskstry 15 15 company snd Platoon

Camp omccrs.

Platoon Sergcants.

platoon Commanders.Platoon Sergeants.

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Instructions for the Training of the British Armies in France 1918 UK

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