159
AUXILIARY SPECIALTY COURSE SEAMANSHIP (AUXSEA) INSTRUCTOR GUIDE PUBLISHED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY COMDTPUB P16794.41
AUXILIARY SPECIALTY COURSE SEAMANSHIP
(AUXSEA)
INSTRUCTOR GUIDE
PUBLISHED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY
COMDTPUB P16794.41
CommandantU.S. Coast Guard
21 00 Second Street S.W.Washington, DC 20593-0001Staf f Symbol : G-NAB-1P h o n e : ( 2 O 2 r 2 6 7 - L o o L
C O M D T P U B P I 6 7 9 4 . 4 L
1 5 APR 1992
COMMANDANT PUBLICATION P l6794. 4L
Sub j : Aux i l ia ry Spec j -a l ty Course Seamansh ip (AUXSEA) ; Ins t ruc to rGuide
1. PURPOSE. Th is pub l i ca t ion is in tended fo r use as theinstructor guide for the Auxi l - iary Specl-al ty Course inSeamansh ip . I t i s pub l i -shed fo r ins t ruc t iona l purposes on lyand is no t po l i cy mater ia l .
2. DI&EC_LIII,ES-,AEF'EC-LE-0. The Auxiliary Operational SpecialtyCourse Ins t ruc to rs Gu ide , CG AUX 498-3(74) , i s cance led .
3. D_IS_C_,USS_I8N. This publ icat ion contains instruct ionalin fo rmat ion regard ing Coast Guard Aux i l - ia ry Seamansh ip .Major rev is ions in th is new ed i t ion j -nc lude:
a. New overhead masters designed for this course tofac i l - i ta te p resent ing the mater ia l .
b. New chapter on anchoring techniques which reviews theproper safety procedures for anchoring and cl-ear ing afoul-ed anchor.
c. New chapter on dut ies and manners which reviews thedut ies expected of the deck hand, radio watchstander,nav iga tor , eng ineer , lookout , he lmsman, radar opera tor ,and towing watch .
d. Redesigned and expanded topics on terminology, boatcons t ruc t ion mater ia ls , and s teer ing gear types .
DISTRIBUTION - SDL No. 130
A
B
D
E
F
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NON-STANDARDDISTRIBUTION: SCC PAgC
COMDTPUB PL6794.4L
15 APR 19924. AcrroN. Dlstr ict commanders shart insure that thls
publlcatlon ls used as a resource for Auxll lary tralnlng andthat al l Auxil iary instructors and teaching assistants ireaware of this pubrication and become thoroughry famiriarwi th l ts contents .
M}f. J. ECKERChief , Cf f ice . l . l :y :g l t ion Safetyi : d f i : t , _ , r l r t _v ) r ; v . l c : :
Non-standard Dis t r ibut ion
Auxi l iary Nat ional BoardAuxil iary Department ChiefsAuxil- iary Past National Commodores
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A . Course Preparation.
B. Course Format. . l-
C . S tuden t Tex ts .1
D. T ime Al lo tment . . . l -
E . Course Ou t l i ne . . . 2
1. CHAPTER 1 - TERMINOLOGY, BOAT CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL,AND STEERING GEAR TYPES 2-L9
2. CHAPTER 2 * BOAT MAINTENANCE 20-31
3. CHAPTER 3 - INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. . 32_47
4. CHAPTER 4 - MARLINESPIKE SEAMANSHIP. 42-58
5. CHAPTER 5 - BOAT HANDLING
6. CHAPTER 6 - HEAVY WEATHER 73_87
7. CHAPTER 7 - ASSISTANCE TO BOATS IN DISTRESS ANDDAMAGE CONTROL 88 -98
8. CHAPTER B - NAVIGATION RULES 99-1-16
9. CHAPTER 9 - ANCHORING ] -L7_L26
10. CHAPTER ] -O - DUTIES AND MANNERS T27-L33
F. Answers to Student study guide qr-restions 1-34-l-38
L .
A. COURSE PREPARATION. C lassrc ,om fac i l i t . ies shou ld inc lude seatswi th a rms or desks , adequate I l .gh t ing , heat . and vent i ra t ion .
The instructor wi l l need a jstudent Study Guj_de (SSG) and a copyof !{A-P.4Alr* E{P9!*rr{sr__9_gggegg4r1> and sma77 Baat Handring. T\,\,o versionsof CFIAFIGN t lie been published in di-f ferent editions. Either version (referredto as --early edit.iorrs " and t'Iater
editions. in the SSG arxl thro.rghout thisinstructor guide) nray be used for ttr-is ccnlrse. Ckrange 2 ((}t-2) of the SSG1ist.s the references for each affected chapter of the SSG for both the--ear11er
editions" and ttl-ater ed:itions" of CFIAFIvIAN. The instn-rctor should
refer to C[I-2 of these ctr,apters to deterrnine the applicable references.Students slrould also be advised to clo so.
A chal-ldcoard or flip chart is helpful for use in presenting the nraterial.overtread masters are incl-uded at the end of each chapter of ttr-is instructorg"ride. They will help in presenting Lhe nraterial-- An overhead projector andscreen will be needed wlreri orrerhead transgnrencies are used.
Each student will need a Student Study Gu.ide, noLebook, and access to acopy of qry4?$ry PtrLo_T,INe_" _ S_e_ananship and SmaII_ tge!__Eggglfu (arryedition will suffice) . Dependi.ng orr the convenience of the students and theinstructor, it -i-s suggested the cou-r:se be given once a rleek. Ttre schedule isflexjJole. Several ctrapters of the Student Study Guide nny be ccnrbined into onelesson. A minirrmm of firze rare:eks shor:l-d be set aside for tle course. Ttreexamination shcrr-rld be giwen at the rsane tjrre and place on the last rreelc of theschedule "
When the colLrse is underway orcler the final exarrE and a proctor so thee><ams can be gir.en before the students get. ttcol-d"
.
B. COURSE FORIGT: This course is planrred as a ccnrbination of instructorlecture and student study. Each element, preceded by a week of study andccng:Ietion of Ehe study questions. Each tr,vo-hour class will requi-reappro>cirnately three hours of hcne study depending on the student.
C. STUDEMI TmCfS" The toct nraterial- for tiris course in seanranship is containedin tlre Studerrt Study Gnide and in C.HAPITIAII PILOTIN?, Seamaq14lp_std_Ese!!p:?!_E4psUng.
It is reccrrcrended that each student have their or^,n cqpy of CFIApSGN;hovrrever, books can be shared annng the studerrts or borrcxaied frcrn others whoare not using thern at the t.jrre. Rrblic ljlcraries al-so carry CFIAPIAN.
D. TIME AUOIMENT. An instructor with personal e>q>erience in the broad aspectsof seanranshlp nny add a lot to the course as well as experiences frqn thestudents gerlrane to the subject at hand. However, t-sea storiesn canscretjrres range to far afield and cons:une too nnrch vah:ab1e class time withcutresultilg benefit. Strike a balance in this respectr.
cli-2
E. COURSE OUTLINE
CHAPTER f . _Tgg$i4_ofegy1JoaL Conetruction Materials, and Steering_qeer_Tl|Pe€
L. Review the contents of gEMMN pnOWNe. S_gamaaship and SmalLFpgS-He44i4S. Highlight the materia] in t.he fol lowing paragraphs(ear l ier ed i - t ions) or chapter sect ions ( la ter ed i t ions) of therelevant, chapter.
rn the earl ier edit ions of CHAPMAN, Lhe material is in thechapter entit . led. Nautical TeTrns.
a. Di rect ions on Board a Boat"b. Terms Relat ing to the Boat . Give par t icu lar emphasis to
the sect ions on Tgrms Denot inq shape, and Cabin s ty les.c . Const . rucLion Terms. Give pa: : t icu lar emphasis to the
sect ions on Fiberqfesg gansl;Ucllqq, W_o_qd_!lo_n_q!_rUg!ier1,and Ql}el_9q_nqlfqct ion'Ierms .Terms Used j .n Boat ing Ac t iv i t ies .Mot . ions o f a Boat .Powerboat Te::ms.sa i l -boat re rms. G iwe par t i cu la r emphas is to the sec t iono n S a i l i n g R i g s .Rowboats , Oar rs , and Padd les .Misce l laneou$ Terms.Po l lu t ion Cont ro l Sys tems.Documentat ion and Tonnage. Give part icular emphasis tothe sec t ion on Gross and Net Tonnase.
In t .he l -a ter ed i t ions, the mater ia l - is inentitled rhe_lg4ggrgg_o!__Fggligg (retevant chapter secrions aredel- ineated below) and in t.he Glossary of Sel.ected Terme ofggct ion 8, Appendices.
a. Learn ing the Basics. Give par t icu lar emphasis to thesubsect ion ent . i t led t -Cr : ient ing Yoursel f on Board"
b. Descr ib ing Boat Types.c . Desc r i b i ng Hu l1s .d. Boat ConstrucLion.e . Decks , F i t t i ngs and L ines .f . Mechanica l Propuls ion and Steer ing.g. Harnessing the Wind" Give par t icu lar emphasis to the
subsec t . i on en t i t l ed t 'Sa i l - P lans , H is to r i ca l and Newr r .h. Other Boat ing Terms. Give par t icu lar emphasis to the f igure
denot . ing - - re la t ive bear ings" "
Inf ormation on documentation can be found in g-qcl!g4___1_r
9bgplgf ? enbit led Owning a Boat in the section entit led--Commerc ia l Operat ion, Char ter ing and Customs' t , in thesubsect ion ent i - t led - tDocumented Vessels "Speci f ic def in i t ions of var j -ous terms can be found in the9tgeqell_91__9gfS9!_ed_Terms of Section_ 8, Appendises .
cH-2
2.Review the contents of chapter 1 in the Student Study Guide.This would inc lude the f o l lowing LopJ-cs.
a. Fibergl-ass Boats. Discuss t.he cArtpesr!_ign__of alr_Agrg]eE€hul! and the drffer:ent fprrnF_ of f iberqlasq. Revif i th" I_l4geEp_f__feejil_-UEgg;nd the types- ana purpose of testn 4dqi!6Review m_q_ldg_g€Sg| f or boat cons__!_qq_g,t_:-on and the UEeE_-e!_!herngl{q. Review other construcLion methods . Discuss the4!1qant4gg-s -rd d+ =.
b. Wood Boats. Discuss the !1p,es of_Wcqdwood Llse.
and considerat, ions for
c . Steel Boat .s . Review thes !-ee_I - _c_q4g_!.rU _q ! iq4 .
d" A luminum Boats. Review thealuminum const . rucLion.
adVetLageg and {LsAqv_a11lAqes ef
4dvantaqes and d:eed:iadegee___e€
e . F a b r i c ( I n f l a t a b l e s ) .
f . T y p e s o f S t e e r i n g S y s t e m s . D i s c u s s t h e t ) p e ssys tems, Lhe i r adwantaqes and d isadvantages .
3 . Ensure bhe s tudents unders tand the top ics coveredQuest io r rs .
o f s tee r ing
in the Study
2A C H - 2
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Chapter 2. Boat Maintenance
1. Review the contents of chapter 2 in the Student Study Guide. This would include the following topics.
a. Hauling Out. Cover the proper procedure for blocking the boat and the proper way to support its weight. Review the tasks that should be taken immediately after haul out.
b. Laying Up. Review the tasks to be taken after layup, including the need for adequate ventilation.
c. Bottom Paints. Review the need for bottom paints in protecting against the two forms of marine growth and what is the effect of marine growth on the vessel’s bottom. Discuss the action of copper in salt water. Discuss the points to be considered in the selection of a bottom paint.
d. Dry Rot. Review the cause of dry rot, what dry rot is, and the indication of a presence of dry rot. Discuss where to look for dry rot and the action to take when dry rot is found. Discuss the steps required to prevent dry rot.
e. Galvanic Action. Review the galvanic action process. Discuss the process of “Most noble” vs “Least noble” in galvanic action. Discuss the action, purpose and selection of a sacrificial metal.
f. Electrolytic Action. Review the process of electrolytic action and the solution.
g. The Shaft Train. Discuss the parts of the shaft train, the shaft log, the Stuffing box, the strut, the strut bearing, the propeller and the propeller nut. Review the purpose and function of each.
3. Ensure the students understand the topics covered in the Study Questions.
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THE ELECTROLYTIC TABLE
M ercu ryMonelNickel
Bronze (sil icon)
Coper
Brass (red)
Gun metalBrass (yellow)
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TinLeadSteel (stain less)
lronSteel (mild)
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Cadm inumGalvanized iron and steelZincMagnesium
The metals close together in this table can be used
together. Metals far apart cannot. For instance, bronze andcopper can be used together; alurninum and copper cannot
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Chapter 3. Internal Combustion Enqines
L. Review the contents of chapter 3 in the Student Study Guide.This would inc lude the fo l lowing top ics.
a. Reciprocat ing Engines.
b. Ign i t ion Pr inc ip les. Discuss gasol ine engines and themeaning of the tern i tspark ign i t ion enginer t . Discuss d ieselengines and the meaning of the term trCompression ignit ioneng ine r r .
c. Operating Cyc1e. Review the operation of the four-strokecyc le engine, def in ing the in take s t roke, compress ion s t roke,power stroke, and exhaust stroke and the actions performedduring each. Review the operation of the Two-stroke cycleengine, defining the power stroke and compression stroke andthe actions performed during each.
d. Power Systern. Discuss the parts of the pohter system, thecylinders, E-s!ons., connecting rods and crankshaft and thefunct ion of each.
e. Valve Mechanisms. Review the operat ion of the va lvemechanism and the function of the camshaft, defining the lobe(hunp) , cam f l a t and tappe t .
f . A i r systern. Review the operat ion of the a i r system in a4-st roke and 2-st roke cyc le engine.
g. Lubr icat ing systern. Discuss the purpose and operat ion ofthe lubr icat ion system.
h . Coo l i ng sys tem.
j . S ta r t i ng sys tem.
k. DieseL engines. Review the fue l in ject ion system ofd iese l eng ines .
1. Gasol ine engines. Review the gasol ine engine induct ionsystem, discussing the action of the fuel punp and carburetor.Def ine mixture rat io , r ich mixture, and lean mixture. In thecarburetor , d iscuss the funct ion of the f loat , na i -n je tsystem, ventur i and the id l ing systen. Review the act ion ofthe gasol ine engine ign i t ion systen. Discuss the funct ion ofthe s torage bat tery , iqn i t ion co i l , breaker points , Q.@,,distr ibutor and spark plugs.
m. Inboard - ou tboa rds (T /O 's )
n. Outboards
3. Ensure the students understand the topics covered in theStudy Quest ions.
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l-. Review the contents of 1EIAPI,L;A}I PrhorrMe, seamanshLgLp!_Ee4fBoat Eg*d'L|.g. Highlight tf t" tn"te-i"f i" th" fol l""r i"g paragraphs(ear l ier ed i t . ions) or chapter sect . j -ons ( l -a ter ed i t ions) of there levant chapter .
rn the earlier edi-t. ions of CI{APMAN, the materiar is in thechapt er ent itl-ed Sef L+leqpabe_ €gesgqehlp .
a . Rope Ma te r ia l sb. Rope Construct ionc. Handl ing L lnesd - Kno tse . Use fu l Kno tsf . Sho r t Sp l i ceg. L lye Spl iceh. Use and Care of Rope
In the la ter ed i t ions, Lhe mater ia l is in Sect ion 3, Chapter _13ent i t led Uef! :fryepf tcg _geggeqltrlp .
a. How Rope is Made.b . Purchas ing Rope.c . Mar l insp ike Too ls . G iwe spec ia l a t ten t ion to the
s u b s e c t i o n e n t i t l e d - - H o w L o C o i l a n d S t o w L i n e s , '
d " Knots , Bends and F l i t ches .e . S p l j - c e s a n d S p l i c i n g .f . Use and Care o f Rope.g . wh ipp ing .h . B locks and Tack l_e .
2.Review the contents of chapter 4 in the Student Study Guide.This would inc lude the fo l lowing top ics-
a. Natura l L ine. R"ev iew the character is t ics of mani la andco t ton l i nes .
b. synthet ic r , ine. Review the character is t ics of ny lon l ine,i ts gdYenlg-ges and disadvantaqes. Review the charaCCerist icsof Dacron l ine and its 4dvanlgges. Revj-ew the characterist icsof polyet.hylene and pc-f]psqpyle-ue rine, their commonalitiesand d i f f e rences .
c . wi re Rope. Discuss the construct ion of wi re rope, the use ofa f iber core and i . ts d i f f erent qrades.
d . Care o f L ines .
42cH-2
e. L ine Usage. Ensure that t .he s tudents know the purpose, useand l imi ta t ions of , and how to t ie each of the fo l lowing:ttDipping
Lhe Eye" The Square KnotThe Bowl ine The Hal f Hi tchThe Clove Hitch The Timber HitchThe Rol l ing Hi tch The Sheet (Becket . ) Bend
f . Ensure the s tudents know the purpose of - -sp l ic ing" and how
to make an ' tEye Sp l i ce " .
g. Stowi-nE L ines. Review the meLhods of co i l - i { rq , f l -emishinq and-teki11q, and the purpose/use of each.
3. Ensure Ehe students understand t,he topics covered in the St.udyQues t i ons .
42p. C H - 2
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CHAPTER s. Ege_t_sgn4ling
l-. Review the contents of CHAPIII:MI PILOTI,N?, Seamansh ip and SmaIIpea'9-Ean4ling. Highlight trt" m"t"ri;ffig paragraphs(ear l ier ed i t ions) or chapter sect ions ( la ter ed j - t ions) of there levant chapLer .
rn the ear l ier : ed i t ions of c l IApMAN, the mater ia l is in thechapter ent i t led power Cru iser Seamanship.
Ba_sac Pr inc ip les*of Boat Handl inga . E f fec t o f W ind and Cur ren t .b . R igh t - and Le fL -Hand p rope l l e rs .c . How the P rope l l e r Ac ts . pa r t i cu la r a t ten t i on shourd be
pa-i-d to the sect. ions Suction and Discharge Screw Currentsand .Effects of Unequal Blade Thrust.
d- How a Rudder Acts . Give par t icu lar a t tenLion to thesection PropeJ.Tez' Current's Action on Rud.d.er
e, I tesponse of Boat Lo Rudder and propel ler . cover thematerial in. the sections: No Way On, propelJer NotTurning; No Way On, propeTler Turning Ahead; WithHeadway, ProperLer Turning Ahead: with Headway, propelTerRewersing; No way on, propeLTer Reversing; with sternway,PropeTTer Rerzersing; and with sternway, properTer TurningAhead
f- Turn ing in Close euar ters . Review the mater iar insections Backing Around a Turn and Backing to port From aSI ip
g. Leaving a Moor i .ng. Give par t icu lar a t tent i -on to thesection When There Is Wind or Current
i . P ick ing Up a Moor ing Under power.
Doc!_linsg__gnd Their Usea. Terminof-gy-b. Moor ing a Boatc. IJs ing Spr ing L ines
Landing at- a Piqra. Wind or Curren. t para l le l to Ber thb. Landing on the Leeward Sidec. Landing Starboard Side to p ier
Get_ting Clear of a Bertha. With Wind or Current Aheadb. From a Windward Berthc. Wi t .h Wind or Current Asternd. Backing Arounde. Turn ing in a Ber thf . Make Use of Fenders
59 cH-2
Maneuvering__at Sl- ips in Tight Quarters.a. A Ber th Between Pi lesb. Making a Tight Turn
Handling Tw14 - Isrgy_Eee_lea. Basic Turning Maneuversb. Steer ing wi t .h the Throt t lesc. Docking a Twin-Screw Boatd. Using Spr ings wi th Twin-Screwse. Other Twin-Screw Maneuvers
In t.he later edit ions, the material is in Section gl_1ihgplgrl
en t i t l ed .
Basic Prigclplgs of Bo+ Hand1ing.a. The Art of Flelmsmanshipb . Bas ic Boat Termsc. Hul- l - Shaped. Wind and Current
@ Brepetl-erg--egg- ssgde:ea. How Propel lers Create Thrustb. Unequal Bl-ade Thrustc . Vent i laL ion and CaviLat iond. How a Rudder AcLse . Tu rn ing C i r c lesf . Steer ing wi th Propel ler Thrust
Maneuvering with Directed Thrusta. Gathering Headwayb. Turn ingc . S topp ingd. Backing Down
Singl,e - Screw- Inboard Maneuveringa. Gathering Headwayb. Turn ingc . S topp ingd. Backing Downe. Propel ler Act ion Governsf . Lef t -Hand Propel lers
Egn-Screw Uaneuverlrya. Gat.hering Headwayb. Turn ingc . S tee r ing w i th the Th ro t t l esd. Stoppinge. Backing Down
cH-2 60
Man_egyering in Tigh! euartersa. Gett ing Underwayb. Checking Headwayc. Turn i -ng in Close euar t .ersd. Backing to por t f rom a SI ipe. Backing t .o SLarboard f rom a Sl ipf . Back ing j -n to a Ber th between p i lesg . Ge t - t i ng C lea r : o f a p i l eh. Plan Maneuvers in Advancei . Leaving a Moor ingj . Pi.cking Up a Mooring
Do c k L i neg_arld _Ih gl_r-* ttqeg_a. Dock L ine Termrnologyb. S iz ing the L ine to the Boatc. Moor ing a Boatd. A l lowing for T ida l Rangee. Maneuvering Agai-nst* Dock Lines
Landigg. with_ Controla. Approaching wi th Caut ionb. Calm Condi t ionsc " Cl -ose Quar tersd. Wind or Current para l le l to Ber the" Landing Downwind or with Currentf . Landing on the Leeward S j_deg. Hold ing wi th Cne Spr ing
gfggplqg_ 3_Eexqha. With Wind or Current Aheadb. From a Windward Berthc. Wi th or Current Asternd. Backinq Arounde. Turn ing in a Ber thf . Tu.rninq with power
2. Ensure t ire students understand the topics covered in the StudyQues t i ons .
6 0 A cH-2
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CHAPTER 0. Sgg1ry_rygarher
L. Review t.he contents of CHA?I,LAII ?ILOTIN!, Seantanship and. SmaIJ.Pget-EgBgl]-w. I{ighlighr rh" *ar"ri"r i" rhe f"rl"wi"g paragraphs(ear l ier edi t ions) or: chapt.er sect ions ( later edi t ions) of therelevant chapter.
rn the earl. ier edit ions of CFIAPMAN, the mat.erial is in thesection Boat Handling Under Adverse Condit ions in the chapteren t i L led Spec ia l_
a . Head Seasb. Tn ttre Troughc. Running Bef ore t .he SeaC" Running an In le te. Heaving Tof . Sea Anchorsg. Using Oi l on Rough Waterh . Seamansh l -p j _n - tTh i ck ' ,
Wea the r
In Lhe later edir j-ons, the mar.erial- is in ee_g!ie4__3r_gh1p!gl_ uentit led Fgg_cjqr*_$s_@ in rhe subsecrion enrit ledPe a l_ 49:s U ng_Ln__+9yefe e _gq+sfgigng .
a. Knowing Your Boat in Rough Weatherb . M e e t i n g H e a d S e a sc " r n s e t e n t i t l e d t t p r e p a r a t i o n s
f o r R o u g h w e a t h e r , 'd. In and .Across the Troughe. Runn j .ng Bef o re the Seaf . Reduc ing yawingg . I n s e t e n t . i t l e d t ' s e a m a n s h i p
f o r S a f e t y i n * T h i c k , W e a t h e r ' l
h . P i tchpo l ingi . T a c k i n g B e f o r e t h e S e a sj . Runni.ng an Inletk . Heav ing To1. Using a Sea Anchor or Drogue
2. Rev iew the conten ts o f chapter 6 in the Student S tudy Gu ide .Th is wcu ld inc lude the fo l low ing t .op ics .
a. Wind Waves. Review the ways of def in ingLgngtrh, Perio_g! and Slope_. Cover the meaning
b. Review the causes of the non-winrl waves, namely storm Tid.eWaves , Sei smic Waves , and T:idef _j{gvge .
c . Swe l l s .
d- sur f . Discuss the two t )T)es of sur f - p lungers and sp i l lers- and the i r causes.
waves, the He iqh t ,o f F e t c h .
. 7?cH-2
e. wakes. Review t.he pcll_*wave and Stern wave and thes ign i f i cance o f each .
f . The ef fect o f wind/current on maneuver ing. Discuss thedif ferences experienced by Low-prof i le vs. High:pra€dg boats.Relate this with the differences found wit,h Deep draft andShal low draf t , boaLs.
g. Hea\ry Weather Operation. Cover the definit ions, causes andprevention of EE_oagb, Yaw and Pit.chpolinq.
h. The Sea AncLror (Drogue) .
3. Ensure the student.s understand the topics covered in the StudyQues t i ons .
C H . 2 7 3 A
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UNDERWAY PREPARATIONFOR ROUGH WEATHER
CLOSE TOPSIDE OPENINGS
PUMP OUT BILGES
SECURE LOOSE GEAR
PUT ON PFDS
BREAK OUT EMERG. GEAR
CHECK / UPDATE POSITION
LOOK FOR SHELTER
INSTRUCT CREW
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l-. Review the contents of CIIA9IL;A}I PILOTIN?, Seanansh+E__ZZ!!_EgF/=I4oat-HandJior* Highlight t paragraphs(ear l ier ed j - t ions) or chapt .er sect ions ( ta ter ed i t ions) of therelevant. chapter.
CHAPTER 7. Ass igtance t ,o Boats in Dis t resE and
In the earl ier edi t ions of CHAPMAN, thesec t . ions en t i t led St rand ing , AsEis t ing and
Cont,roL
mater iaL is in the
p_fgggigleE. in the chapter enrit ledIe_clnlgeq.
a " SL rand ingb. When to Stay Agr:oundc . Ass i s t i ngd. Towinge. Man Owerboard.f , . F i re Emergenciesg. Leaks and Damage Control
Towing and Energency
lpggaal Seanapshfp
rn the l -a ter ed i t ions, the mater iar is i -n gect ion 2, chapter 4entitled Brgrgencies underway and €gctr.sn_ J_r_ errapter rr entiiled$Bgc r ar _ sgg+_ggghil Techni queE .
a. Deal ing wi th F i re and Explos ion (Chapter A)b. Cont . ro l l ing Leaks (Chapter a)c . Man Overboard (Chapter )d- Running Aground: Get t ing of f and Assis t ing others (chapter
11 )e . Tow ing (Chap te r 11 )
2 . Review the contenls of chapter 7 in the student stud.y Guide.Highl ight t .he fo l towing top icJ.
a. Right ing a capsized sa i l -boat . Review a l l s t .eps requi red.
b. Ref loat ing a s t randed vessel . Discuss the Coast Guard pol icyconcerning t-salvage ' ' . Review al-I the f actors that mu-st baconsidered when ref loat ing a s t randed vessel .
c .Approaching a burn ing vessel . Review a l l the factors thatmust be considered when approaching a burning vessel.
d . F i - re f ight ing. Discuss the t )pes of f i res, the mater ia lsinvolved, and the extinguishing agents used for each.
e. Plu_gging and patching. cover the factors involved whenconsidering the use of plugs from the outside or inside thehuI l . Review the d i f ferent mater ia ls that could be used forpatching and the various methods avail-able.
cH-2 8 8
f . Dewa te r ing .
3. Ensure the s tudentsQues t i ons .
understand the topics covered in the Study
8 8 A cH-2
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CHAPTER 8. Navigation Ru1e_g
l-. Review the contents of QUAPI6 I{ SILOTING, Seamanship ag'd SmaIIBoat, HandlLng. Highiight the material in the fol lowing paragraphs(ea r l i e r ed i t i ons ) o r chap te r sec t i ons ( Ia te r ed i t i ons ) o f t . here levant chapter .
rn the earl ier edit ions of CHAPMAN" Lhe material is i-n t.hechapters cover ing Navigat ion Rulee.
TIGHTS A}ID DAY SHAPES
!}te_ u:_qj*_]rt!11gq _eglesa. Navigat ion L ights . Review the L ight Def in i t ions of the
va r ious nav iga t i on l i gh ts .b. L ights for wary ing s j -zes of Power-Dr iven Vessels
Underway. Cover the Masthead I ' ights, SideTighLs and SternL igh ts .
c . L ights for vary ing s j -zes of Sai l ing Vessels Underway.Review the specia l cases for Sai lboats Under 20 Metersand Roruboats.
d. L ights for Vessels at Anchor .e . L igh ts fo r Vesse ls Ag round .f . Lights for Towirrg. Cover Towlng Alongside or pushing
Ahead and the g1rqgpllen , Towing Astern and Sma_2.1. BoatTowing.
g. l , ights for Specia l -Purpose Vessels . Review Fish ingVes.se-7.,s and PjLoL VesseLs I ight.s.
h. Vessels Wi th l , imi ted Maneuverabi l i ty . Review the l ightsfor Vesse-Zs Not tlnder Command and Vesse-I.s Restricted inManeuverabiTity.
i . nay Shapes. Review the varj-ous dayshapes for Vessef sUnder SaiT and Power, Vessels at Anchor or Aground,Vesse-Z.s Towing and Being Towed, VesseTs Engaged inF:.shing and vesseJ,s with Limited Mameuverabil i ty
lqtelneglgngl Ru1es of t,he RoadAppl icabi l i ty
a. Navigat ion L ights . Discuss the d i f ferences between thetwo ru1es.
b. Day Shapes of the Internat. ional Rules.
RrGHT-QsrWa. Review the Definit ion of Terms for [fhisL-Ze and the
definit ion of "PriwiTeged t, and ,,Burdened', Ve,ssels.
9 9 cH-2
T!9_ nj!:*_ullelts=Eul9ea. Steer ing and Sai l ing Rules. Dj -scuss Determin ing Risk of
CoJlision, Safe Speed and Actions to Avoid CoTTision.b. Whist le Signals . Review the whis t le s ignals inc lud ing t .he
Danger Signal and the use of Maneuvering Lights.c . Rul -es for Power-Dr iven Vessels Underway. Discuss the
Meeting Si-tuation, Crossing Situatio.n and OvertakingSituation and the rules for each. Review Use of RadioCommunications, acLion to be taken in - l t larrow ChanneTs.Cover Don't Impeded Other VesseTs, Rounding Bends in aChannel and Leavjng a Berth.
d. Rules for Sai l ing Vessels Underway. Discuss theappropr ia te act ion when there is a (Risk of CoTTis ion) .Cover the rules for: sai lboats - (gach with Wind onDifferent Side), (Aoth with Wind on Same Side) and(Vessel - wi th Wind on I ts Por t S ide) . Discuss the act ionfor Encounters Between Sail ing and Power Vesse-I.s.
e. Sound Signals in Restr ic ted Vis ib i l i ty . Review thesignals required from Power-Driven Vessels Underway,SaiTing Vessels t lnderway, Vessels at Anchor, Vesse-7.sAground and Exception for Sma77 Craft.
f . Bas i c Respons ib i l i t i es , D i scuss the Ru le o f GoodSeamanshrp and The General PrudentiaL RuLe.
International Navigation Rulesa . S tee r ing and Sa i l i ng Ru les .b. Rules for Power-Dr iven Vessels .c . Sound S igna ls i n Res t r i c ted V is ib i l i t y .
In the la ter ed i t ions, the mat ,er ia l is in Sect ion 3, Chapter 9_ent,itl-ed IIgILaSglign Lights and Day Shapes and Section 3, Chapter7 ent i t led Rules of the Road. Cover each area l is ted below.
NAVIGATION TIGHTS AT{D DAY SHAPES
T h e U . S . I n l a n d R u l e sa. General Regulationsb . V i s ib i l i t y o f L igh tsc. Lights - Power-Driven Vessels Underwayd. Lights - Vessels Towing and Being Towede. L ights - Sai l ing Vessels Underwayf . L ights - Vessels Under Oarsg. L,ights - Anchored or Agroundh. L ights - F ish ing Vesselsi. Not Under Command or Restrictedj . L igh ts - P i l o t Vesse lsk. L ights - Seaplanesl - . P i lo t Rules for L iqhts
cH-2 Loo
m. L ights for Naval Vesselsn. Exempt ions
Eo gf t i ona jg_And*_Tec-. trq.igg"I De t a iJ sa. Masthead L ighLsb. Anchor L ightsc" A11-Round L ight ,sd . S ide l i gh tse . S te rn l i gh tsf . Day Shapesg. Masthead L ights as a Range
Ibe_Inler@a. Where the fnLernat ional Rules Applyb. Requirements for Lights and Day Shapesc. Power-Dr iven Vessels Underwayd . Vesse ls Cons t ra ined by The i r D ra f te . Sa i l boa ts Underwayf . Towing Vessels and Towsg. Vessels Anchored or Agroundh. Posj - t ion ing/ rechnica l Deta i ls o f L ightsi . Day Shapes
RULES OF THE ROAD
InL,roduct ion to the Rulesa. Sources of the Rulesb. Sequence of Considerat ionc. Appl i -cat ion of the Rulesd. Genera l Def in i t ionse. The Western Riversf . The Great Lakesg. State and Local Regulat ions
Steer ing and Sai l ing Rulesa. Good Seamanship Ruleb. Genera l Prudent ia l Rulec. Lookoutd. Determin ing Safe Speede. DeLermin ing Risk of Col l is ionf . Using Bear ings to Determine Riskg. Act . ions to Avoj -d Col l is ionh. Maneuvering in a Narrow Channeli . n ight -of -Way Def in i t ionsj . Genera l Right -of -Way Prov is ionsk. Act ion by the Give-Way Vessel1. Act ion by the Stand-On Vesselm. Over tak ing Si tuat ionsn. Meet ing Head-Ono. Cross ing Si t .uat ionsp . Sa i l i ng Vesse l Ru lesq . Vesse1 T ra f f i c Se rv i ces
100A cH-2
sognd and Light sig4al€a. Required Sound Signal. ing Equipmentb . L igh t S igna lsc . Sa i l i ng Vesse l S igna lsd. Maneuvering and Warning Signalse. Under In t .ernat ional Rulesf . The Danger S5-gna1g. Bl ind Bend Signalh. Leaving a Dock or Berthi . Br idge- to-Br idge Radio Cornmunicat ionj . At t ract ing At tent ionk. Addi t ional S ignals1. t r i lo t Rules of In1and WaLers
Maneuve ri rtg_ ;._L I! eg! 11 q q_9 d. _yl€i bi ].!lya. Close-Quarter :s Si . tuat . ionsb. Taking A1I Way Of fc . Engine Avai lab i l i tyd" Using Radar In format ior re. I f Col ] is ion is Unavoidable
Ees-€islelea. Underwa.y Fog Signalsb . Vesse ls a t Anchorc . Vesse ls AEroundd . P i l o L V e s s e l s
2. Ensure the student.s understand the topics covered in the StudyQues t i ons .
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CHAPTER 9 " Anchoring
1. Review the contents of CHAPII;AII ?ILOTING, Seamanshlp and. SmaIIBoat' E?n{l lqg. Pay parcicular
"tt""tG" t" t [" *"t"r ial in the
fo l lowing. paragraphs (ear l ier ed j .L ions) or chapter sect ions( Ia te r ed i t i ons ) o f t he re levan t chap te r .
In the ear l ier ed i t ions of CHAPMAN, the mater ia l is the chapterent i t led Anghor ing.
Ground Tackl"ea. Types of Anchors in use. Discuss the I ' ight .weight twe,
The PJ.ow Anchor, The Bruce Anchor, The Ked.ge Anchor,Stock and Stock1ess Tlpes and Other Anchors.
b. The anchor l j-ne" Review the use of Twisted NyLon, Braid.edsynthet ic L ine, ManiTa L ine, chain and Nylon-and-chain.
c- secur ing the rode. Discuss the methods avai labreincluding the Eyes Splice, Thimble, and ShackJ.e andAmchor Eends and BowT-lnes.
d. How Many-and How Heavy? Review anchor size and. hoTdingpawer.
e - Scope .
elg h-o-f lgl Techni que s_a. How to Anchor . Discuss the proper procedure for
anchoring. Include discussions on Approaching theAnchorage, Lett ing the Ancfusr Go, sett ing the Anchor,Maaking Fast and Increasing llolding power.
b. When Lhe Anchor Drags.c. GetLing Underwdyo Review procedures for Clearing a Fouled.
Anchor.d. us ing Two Anchors" Discuss how to use two anchors To
Reduce Yawing csr to Guard Against V{ind or Current Shif ts.Review the pros and cons for using Stern Anchors and theprocedures AL Piers and Wharves.
e . Ra f t i ngf . Sorne Caut ions. Discuss the caut ions concern ing Chocks,
Bi t ts , C.Leats, and ather F i t t ings.
Permanent Mooringsa. Discuss the t lpes of anchors used. Inc lude Systems used.
by TypicaT Yacht Clubs, A MulEipLe-Anchor System andMooring Buoys.
rn the later edit j-ons, the material is in section 3, chapter 12ent i t led Anchor ing. Cover each area l is ted bel -ow.
]-L7 cH-2
Ground Tackle: Anchors and Rodesa. Choosing an Anchor
- Lightweight Type- The Plow Anchor- The Bruce Anchor- The Max Anchor- The Kedge Anchor
b. Other Anchors- Nawy Type- Grapnels- Fol-ding Tlrpes- The Northi l l- Mushroom Tlpe
c. The Anchor Line- Twj-sted Nylon- Bra ided Synthet ic L ine- Chain- Nylon-and-Chain
d. Secur ing the Rodee. Eye Spl ice, Thimble and Shacklef . Anchor Bends and Bowli-neg .A t t he B i t t e r Endh. How Many, How Hearryj-. Anchor Size and Hol-dj-ng powerj . S towagek . Scopel-. Marking a Line for a Scope
lg9!9_ri!g_I9"c hn i qu e sSelectj-ng an AnchorageUsing the ChartCharacter is t ics of t .he Bot tomHow to Anctror- Approaching the Anchorage- Lett ing the Anchor Go- Sett ing the Anchor- Making FastHand SiEnalsWhen the Anchor Drags- Sent-inel, Buoy/Sentinel- and Chain
g. Gett ing Underwayh. Cl-earing a Fouled Anchori . Us ing Two Anchorsj . Reducing Yawingk. Guard ing Against Wind/Current Shi f ts1. Stern Anchorsm. At Piers and Wharvesn. Raf t i .nq
a .b .C .
d .
e .f .
cH -2 1 1 8
o" Anchoring at Nightp. l?equirement for
ttAnchor Ball ' '
q .On Rocky Bo t tomsr. Protect ing the L iness. Using the Proper F i t t . ingst. Guarding Against Damage from tfV
Permanent Moori-ngsa. Typica l Systemsb. The Mul t i -Anchor SYsLemc. Moor ing Buoysd. Making Annual InsPections
2. Ensure Ehe students understand the top ics covered in the Study
Ques t i ons .
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Chapter L0. Dut ies and Manners
L. Review the contents of chapter 10 in the Student StudyGuide. Highl ight the fo l lowing top ics.
a. Duties. Review the duties expected of the Deck hand,Radio Watchstander, Navigator, Engineer, Lookout, Helmsman,Radar Operator and Towing watch.
b. Mannersc . Po I l u t i ond. Courtesy boarding an Coast Guard vessel
2. Ensure the students understand the topics covered in theStudy Quest ions.
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3
ANSWERS TO STUDENT STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
Chapter 1
1. Strands & layers of fiberglass, resin 2. Mat, cloth, woven, roving, chopped strands 3. Epoxy, polyester 4. Harden them, control curing time, make them fire retardant 5. Plug 6. Cavity mold 7. Cavity mold 8. Gel coat 9. Male and female molds, a laminate in between. 10. Balsa, foamed plastics, plywood 11. No rot or marine worms, no seams, integral colors, strong, easy to mold. 12. Heavier than water, easy to cover shoddy workmanship. 13. Hardwood, softwood 14. Strength, decay resistance, availability 15. Highest strength-to-weight, less noisy than all but wood, fire resistance 16. Quick deterioration without proper maintenance 17. To protect against electrolysis 18. Light weight, impervious to borer s 19. Heat conductor, noisy
20. Tiller, drum and cable, rack and pinion, sprocket and chain, gear and shaft, hydraulic 21. Tiller 22. Sheer 23. Flare 24. Round, flat, vee 25. Displacement displaces water; planing rides on top of water 26. sheer plank 27. Trunk cabin is above deck but does not extend to the deck edge; raised deck cabin does extend to the deck edge. 28. Holes cut in frames, next to keel, to allow water to flow to lowest point 29. Composite 30. boot 31. King 32. freeboard 33. Catboat, one mast and one sail; sloop, one mast with main and jib; ketch, two masts with aft one forward of rudder post; yawl, two masts with aft one behind rudder post; schooner, two or more masts with all equal in height or the after one highest. 34. The total enclosed space calculated in terms of “tons” of 100 cubit feet each
Chapter 2
1. Weight of boat to rest on keel supported by blocks spaced every 5 feet 2. Could damage hull 3. Page 2-2 of Workbook
4. Prevent condensation and foul smell or dry rot 5. Vegetable and animal 6. Performance can be reduced, hull can be weakened or destroyed.
134
Chapt. 2 Cont’d
7. Copper in salt water gives of f poisonous salts. 8. Other metals in boat that will be influenced by paint 9. Fungus that thrives in fresh water. 10. its smell 11. Workbook - pp2-5 12. removed 13. Keep fresh water out and stop it from collecting 14. Galvanic action is caused by two dissimilar metals placed in salt water; Electrolytic action is caused by stray electrical current
15. Less noble, more noble 16. The sacrificial metal will be corroded rather than the hull’s metal. 17. Eliminate stray electrical currents. 18. Shaft log, shaft, strut, strut bearing, propeller 19. It holds rings of packing material that are squeezed around the shaft, preventing water flow. 20. Water 21. a lock nut
Chapter 3
1. Carburetor 2. Injected 3. Heat of compression 4. Intake, compression, power, exhaust 5. Compression, power 6. Power 7. Cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft 8. Action of camshaft 9. Crankshaft 10. Reduce friction, assist in keeping them cool 11. Water 12. Fuel tank, fuel pump, carburetor, necessary fuel lines, air passages
13. Carburetor 14. % of gas vapor is high 15. a low % of gas vapor 16. Idling system 17. Ignition coil, a mechanical breaker, a condenser, a distributor, a spark plug in each cylinder, the necessary wiring 18. Battery, ignition switch, ignition coil, breaker points and condenser 19. Ignition coil, distributor, spark plugs 20. Ignition coil
Chapter 4
1. Manila, cotton 2. Relative inexpensive, readily available, very durable 3. Deteriorate 4. one half 5. Nylon, Dacron (polyester), Polypropolene, Polyethylene
6. Mooring, towing 7. Because of its elasticity and “snap back” 8. Soft to the touch, extremely flexible, requires no break-in 9. as elastic
135
Chapt. 4 Cont’d
10. Polypropolene is stronger when wet and is not as slippery as polyethylene 11. To give it flexibility and to cushion the wire strands 12. Improved plow steel, plow steel, mild plow steel, traction steel, iron 13. Workbook page 4-3 & 4-4 14. Temporary 15. Sheet bend
16. Splice 17. Bowline 18. Timber hitch 19. Round turn with two half hitches 20. Workbook page 4-8 21. Faked 22. Workbook page 4-5 23. Splice; knot, hitch or bend. 24. Tie the indicated knots 25. Make an eye splice
Chapter 5
1. Suction Screw Current 2. Ahead 3. Right, port, starboard 4. Starboard 5. Away from the direction in which the rudder moves 6. Port 7. Bow line, breast line, forward bow spring, after bow spring
8. Forward bow spring, after bow spring, forward quarter spring, after quarter spring 9. Stern line 10. After bow, away from the dock 11. After bow spring 12. go to starboard 13. boat, dock 14. Fenders, fenderboard 15. Turned in its own length 16. throw the stern to one side
Chapter 6
1. Trough, crest 2. Two consecutive crests 3. Period 4. The uninterrupted expanse of water over which the wind blows 5. Slope 6. Seismic wave, tidal waves 7. Waves generated by the wind that continue after the wind has died 8. Near the shore 9. Plungers, spillers 10. Bow wave, stern wave; stern wave
11. Tidal currents, two angling wave systems, sudden wind shifts 12. high freeboard, high superstructure 13. Deep draft 14. Workbook page 6-8 15. Back side 16. Slow the drift and help control the boat in relation to wave direction 17. Chapmans - Boat Handling Under Adverse Conditions 18. Can become tangled with the towing line and collapse sea anchor
136
Chapt. 6 Cont’d
19. Workbook page 6-11 20. Act as a brake, keep boat running straight, quiet sea astern 21. 45 degrees 22. Plunge 23. Fall off
24. Broach 25. Pitchpoled 26. The following sea brakes into the cockpit 27. Hear, heard 28. Radar reflector
Chapter 7
1. Haul in the sails, stand on the keel and hold on the gunwale 2. State of the tide 3. Propeller could suck up sand and deposit it under the boat 4. Kedge 5. Wind, Current 6. Trailering stem eye, ski towing transom eyes, Sampson post. 7. Crew move from side to side, front to back to rock the boat 8. Upwind 9. Speed
10. Fuel, oxygen, heat, chemical reaction 11. Ordinary combustibles, water 12. Flammable liquids, C02, foam, halon, dry chemical 13. electrical equipment, C02, halon, dry chemical 14. Fairly small and rounded 15. Outside 16. Workbook page 7-9 17. Kedge, kedging 18. Projecting over the side, downwind 19. Close hatches, doors, vents and ports, oxygen
Chapter 8
1. Demarcation lines 2. Any 3. Power—driven 4. At anchor, shore, aground 5. 112.5, 22—1/2 6. masthead, stern, sidelights 7. sailboat, electric flashlight, lighted lantern 8. masthead 9. two red all-round lights 10. Two cones in a vertical line with their points together 11. One second
12. 4, 6 13. Safe speed 14. collision 15. Meeting, crossing, overtaking 16. Five or more short and rapid blasts 17. Starboard 18. Does not change 19. Starboard 20. Either of the sidelights 21. Windward, leeward 22. One prolong, two 23. One minute, five seconds 24. Distress
137
Chapter 9
1 . l . lud, sand 8. Should not, headway2. Rode 9. Let out more scope3. Nylon 10. Through-bolted, husky4. r rBBBrr , r f Proof Coi l r r , I tH igh back ing p late
Testrr 1,1. Mushroom5. D iane te r6 . Ny lon l i ne , cha in7 . 5 : l -
Chapter 10
1 . L ine hand l i ng , f ender 13 . Repea tstowing, tow watch L4. Stop the turn so as not to
2. Determine posit ion, overshoot the nebr coursemaintain a plot 15. Another form of lookout
3. Engineer 16. Darkness, reduced4 . Lookou t v i s i b i l i t y5. Ass igned sector L7. Tow l ine, snaps back6 . Ten 18 . Wake7 . No 19 . C lea rance8 . I den t i f i ca t i on , scann ing 20 . Po l l u tan ts9. Rel ieved 2L. To hold the ef f luent f rorn10 . A le r t , f u l l a t t en t i on the to i l e tL l . The i r ea rs 22 . Sa lu te , ask pe rm iss ion to12. Compass, ob jects come aboard
23. Wardroom
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