Instruments for Improving

Energy Efficiency in Finnish

Housing

Conference on Energy Saving Measures in High-rise

Residential Buildings and Financial Mechanisms

Tallinn, May 9, 2005

Ilari Aho

Motiva Oy

Presentation outline

• Housing stock characteristics

• Framework for energy and construction

policy

• Main policy instruments for energy

efficiency

• Examples

Motiva Ltd• Fully government-owned company

• Develops and carries out projects for the

implementation of the national climate change

strategy

• Turnover 4 M€, personnel 30

• Main clients:

• Ministry of Trade and Industry

• Other government ministries

• European Commission

• National technology agency TEKES

• the private sector

• www.motiva.fi/en

Finnish Building Stock (1995)

0,0

50,0

100,0

150,0

200,0

250,0

300,0

< 1920 1920-50 1950-60 1960-70 1970-80 1980-90 1990-95

Year of construction

Mill

. m³

Offices

Education

Health care

Commercial

Summer cottages

Blocks of flats

Row housing

Single family houses

Energy consumption for space heatingApartment buildings

25

35

45

55

65

75

1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

Year of construction

Energy consumption (kWh/m³/year)

3 %

9 %

21 %

39 %

61 %

79 %

91 %

97 %

Young building stock and policy priorities

• Young building stock means

• in principle reasonably good

technical condition

• relatively good starting point

in energy performance

• economic life spans not yet

at their end

• Resulting policy priorities

• strong emphasis on practices

for building management and

preventive maintenance

• development of concepts for

the upcoming refurbishment

period

Energy and climate strategies Land Use and Building Act

Construction Policy ProgrammeGovernment’s Energy

Conservation Programme

Voluntary EnergyConservation Agreements

Energy Audit Programme

Technological R&D Programmes

Development Initiatives within IndividualProperty and Construction Companies

Branch level development programs

Building Code

Energy Investment & Renovation Subsidies

Experimental Construction,Demonstration Projects

Governmental

Public-private

Private

Voluntary Energy Conservation Agreement for the Housing Sector

• Joint action programme between the government (MoE, MTI) and building owners aiming at

• 15 % decrease in specific heat consumption

• 15 % decrease in water consumption per inhabitant

• turning the growth trend in building services electricity consumption to a decrease

• Programme period 2002 - 2012

• Aimed primarily at the municipal and private rental housing sector

• Coverage (Dec 2004):

• 27 organisations

• 202 000 rental apartments =>70 % of target sector,18 % of whole apartment stock

State-of-the-art analysis

Energy energy efficiency plan

Energy audits

Implementation of efficiency measures

Annual reporting

Energy conservation agreement

Governmentalfinancialsupport

Renovation investments,

development of management and

procurement practices, training,

information, etc, etc

Key Elements in Voluntary Energy Conservation Agreements

Energy audits for residential buildings

• Common models and guidelines developed

• Trained and informed auditors

• Cost of audit 1800…3500 €/building(incl. VAT 22%)

• Public support 40 % of audit cost (50 % for organisations within the voluntary agreement scheme)

• Support scheme started 2003• no systematic follow-up so far

• estimated number of audits …

Energy audit procedure for residential buildings

FIELD WORK

ANALYSIS

REPORTING

• overall building inspection

• assessment of the energy performance of building systems

• apartment inspections

• relevant measurements

• …

• analysis of measurement and other data

• building modelling

• säästökohteiden analyysi

• audit report, incl. description and assessment of the building and its systems, energy performance assessment, recommendations

BASIC DATA• client supplies the auditor with basic information and building size, energy and water consumption and other technical background information

Energy renovation subsidies• Available since 2003 for buildings with 3+ apartments for

additional costs related to improving or replacing windows additional insulation of external walls or roof connecting to district heating or renewing district heat consumer

equipment renewing oil boilers and burners converting electric heating to ground source heat pumps or

complementing it with air-to-air heat pumps installing ventilation heat recovery, low-emission pellet boilers,

solar water heating and apartment water meters balancing of hydronic heating systems and ventilation systems

• Subsidy level 10…15 % of costs

• No systematic follow-up so far

• Support allocated in 2003:14.8 mill.€ for appr. 2 500 buildings with 97 000 apartments

Comprehensive energy refurbishments: an example

• Rental apartment property owned by the municipality of Oulainen

• 29 dwellings, 66 residents

• Dwelling area 1833 m²

• Year of construction 1971

• Energy efficiency measures• Additional insulation of facade

external 50-100 mm rockwool insulation

• Additional insulation of roof blown rockwool

• New doors and windows

• Improvement of roof

• Dwelling ventilation units with heat recovery

KOY Kaari-Salpa Oulainen

source: VTT Building Technology, 1998

• Costs to client 490 €/m²

• Construction 66 %

• Ventilation 8 %

• Piping, plumbing 13 %

• Electrical systems 6 %

• Other costs 7 %

• Impact on rent level

1.2 €/m²/month (~30%)

KOY Kaari-Salpa

ResultsKOY Kaari-Salpa

Results

source: VTT Building Technology, 1998

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Before refurbishment After refurbishment

kWh/m³

0

50

100

150

200

250

300l/person/day

Heat (kWh/m³)

Electricity (kWh/m³)

Water (l/person/day)

• Reduction in energy and

water costs

0.7 €/m²/month

Concluding remarks

• Initiatives are driven by the current national climate change strategy

• Emphasis of policy measures on

• apartment buildings

• voluntary measures

• management and maintenance practices

• lowering the threshold for longer-term efficiency improvement in conjunction with refurbishment and technical upgrading

• National energy climate strategy is revised during 2005

• may include changes in priorities and in measures applied to the building sector