SEMINAR PRESENTATION

TOPIC: INSULIN PUMPS

Subject incharge:Mr. Junise VazhayilAsst. ProfessorDept. of PharmaceuticsAl Shifa College of Pharmacy

Presented by:Muhammed Fahad1st MPharm Pharmaceutics(3rd Batch)Al Shifa College of Pharmacy

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

• People with diabetes cannot make their own insulin, a hormone that is normally secreted by the pancreas. Insulin is essential to metabolise sugar and hence generate energy

• Currently most diabetics inject insulin 2 or more times per day, with the dose injected based on readings of their blood sugar level

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INSULIN PUMP

• A personal insulin pump is an external device that mimics the function of the pancreas

• It uses an embedded sensor to measure blood sugar level at periodic intervals and

• then injects insulin to maintain the blood sugar at a ‘normal’ level

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• Designed to transmit drugs and fluids into blood stream without repeated insertion of needles

• well suited to the drug delivery requirements of:– insulin, – steroids, – chemotherapeutics,– antibiotics,– analgesics,– and heparin.

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Early Insulin Pumps (early 1970s)

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Present Day Insulin PumpsPresent Day Insulin Pumps

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Insulin delivery system

• Data flow model of software-controlled insulin pump

Insulinrequirementcomputation

Blood sugaranalysis

Blood sugarsensor

Insulindeliverycontroller

Insulinpump

Blood

Bloodparameters

Blood sugarlevel

Insulin

Pump controlcommands Insulin

requirement

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Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion

B SL HS B

Insu

lin

Eff

ect

BolusBolus

BasalBasal

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Insulin Delivery as a Model Implant Pump System

• Implantable drug delivery systems are placed completely under the skin — usually in a convenient location.

• Generally placed in the anterior subcutaneous tissue of chest/abdomen for concealment.

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Insulin Delivery as a Model Implant Pump System

• designed to necessitate external control of the drug delivery rate or volume of drug (unlike conventional controlled-release formulations)

• primary driving force for delivery is the pressure pressure differencedifference. – generated by pressurizing a drug reservoir with a

pump• by osmotic action (osmotic pumps), • by direct mechanical actuation.

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Characteristics for an ideal pumpCharacteristics for an ideal pump

• Deliver drug within prescribed rates prescribed rates for extended periods (2-5 yrs).

• Accuracy & precision.• ReliableReliable.• Chemically, physically & biologically stablestable.• CompatibleCompatible with drugs.• Non-antigenic & non-carcinogenic.• Must have overdose protectionoverdose protection.

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• ConvenientConvenient to use.• Implantable by local anesthesia.• Able to monitormonitor the performance of the pump.• Must be sterilizablesterilizable.• Have wide delivery ratewide delivery rate for basal & bolus deliveries to

meet patient variability.• Long reservoir & battery life and easy programmability.

Characteristics for an ideal pump:Characteristics for an ideal pump:

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Types of Pump

• Peristaltic pump• Fluorocarbon propellant-driven pump• Osmotic pump• Controlled-release micropump

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Peristaltic PumpsPeristaltic Pumps

• Construction:– Pump, electronics & battery.– Titanium chamber provide hermatic seal.– Further coatedto improve biocompatibilty.

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Peristaltic Pumps

• Figure 1: Cross-sectional view of the DAD showing key components

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Drug Administration Device (DAD)

Advantages: Use of wide variety of drugs. Precise delivery of potent & narrow therapeutic

substances. Less risk of infection since it is fully implanted. Performed using local anesthesia & on

outpatient basis. Presence of alarm system makes the pump

more safe.16

Fluorocarbon Propellant-Driven Pumps:• Construction:

Hollow titanium disk, moveable pistons 2 chambers—inner-->drug; outer-->flurocarbon

liquid Self-sealing silicon rubber & Teflon, bacterial filters,

catherter.

• Working: Vaporization of flurocarboninner chamber

compressdrug release through catheter Adjust flow rate by increasing viscosity

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Osmotic Pumps

• Moveable piston maintain pressure in reservoir

• Semipermeable membrane

Figure 2: Schematic representation of a generic osmotic pump

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Controlled-release micropump

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Controlled-release micropump• Diffusion across a rate-controlling membrane for basal

delivery.• Augmented by rapidly oscillating piston acting on a

compressible disk of foam—achieved without valves by repeated compression of the foam disk by a coated piston.

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