+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG...

Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG...

Date post: 12-Sep-2020
Category:
Upload: others
View: 3 times
Download: 0 times
Share this document with a friend
23
Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG emissions from agriculture in EU 27 using MITERRA EUROPE GL Velthof 1 , D Oudendag 1 , HP Witzke 2 , WAH Asman 3 , Z Klimont 3 , GJ Monteny 4 and O Oenema 1 1 Alterra, Wageningen 2 Eurocare, Bonn 3 IIASA, Laxenburg 4 Monteny Milieu Advies, Renkum
Transcript
Page 1: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG emissions from agriculture in EU 27 using MITERRA EUROPE

GL Velthof1, D Oudendag1, HP Witzke2, WAH Asman3, Z Klimont3, GJ Monteny4 and O Oenema1

1Alterra, Wageningen2Eurocare, Bonn3IIASA, Laxenburg4Monteny Milieu Advies, Renkum

Page 2: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

NO3 in groundwaterN & P in surface water

NH3N2 O,CH4 ,CO2

fertilizer

Agriculturemanure

EU: environmental legislation

Kyoto protocolThematic Strategy on Air PollutionNational Emission Ceiling DirectiveIPPC DirectiveCLRTAP Gothenborg ProtocolAir Quality Directives

Thematic CAP reform + C.C.Animal welfareRural DevelopmentSoil StrategyBirds and habitats directives

Nitrates DirectiveIPPC / CLRTAP

Nitrates Directive Water Framework Directive Groundwater Directive

Nitrates Directive Water Framework Directive

Page 3: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

MITERRA EUROPEA tool for integrated assessment of N emissions from agriculture at regional, country, and EU 27 levels

EmissionsGaseous: NH3, N2O, NOx, and CH4 Leaching of N to groundwater and surface waterNitrogen and phosphorus surpluses

Based on existing data bases and models (CAPRI and RAINS), supplemented with a new leaching module

Packages of measures to mitigate NH3 and NO3 emissions

Developed for the European Commission (DG Environment)http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/cafe/activities/ammonia_en

Page 4: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

Scale of calculation with MITERRA EUROPE

Spatial: 27 member countries

• Regions: Nuts 2 level • Nitrate Vulnerable Zones

– Current – Predicted for 2020

• Country level

Temporal yearly

Page 5: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

Input and methods of calculation

Input data (area, crops, yields, animal number, excretion, soil data, etc.):

RAINS, CAPRI ,FAO, Eurostat, JRC + literature

Methods of calculation:Fertilizer and manure distribution: MITERRAN and P surplus: MITERRAEmission of NH3 and NOx: RAINSEmission of CH4 and N2O: GAINS/IPCCLeaching: MITERRA

Page 6: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework
Page 7: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

Ammonia measures (from RAINS)

Low Nitrogen Fodder (dietary changes)Stable Adaptation by improved design/construction of floorCovered Manure StorageBiofiltration (air purification) Low Ammonia Application of ManureSubstitution of urea with ammonium nitrateIncineration of poultry manure

Parametrization + implementation: RAINS

Page 8: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

Selected nitrate measures from Nitrate Directive

balanced N fertilizer application maximum manure N application rate no N application in winter and in wet periodslimitation to N application on slopesmanure storage with low risk of runoff and seepageappropriate N application techniqueswinter cropsbufferstrips near water courses

Parametrization + implementation: MITERRA

Page 9: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

Large differences in EU 27

NH3 em

ission N2O em ission N leaching

In kg N ha agriculturalland

Page 10: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

N surplus and emissions in kg N/ha agricultural land

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

EU-27

AustriaBelgiumBulgariaCyprus

Czech. RepDenmark

EstoniaFinlandFrance

GermanyGreece

HungaryIreland

ItalyLatvia

LithuaniaLuxembourg

MaltaNetherlands

PolandPortugal

RomaniaSlovakiaSlovenia

SpainSweden

United Kingdom

NH3N2ONoxN2N leaching

N surplus/N emission, kg N per ha

Page 11: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

Potential effects of NH3 mitigation measures in EU 27

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

Biofiltration Low NH3applicationtechnique

Coveredstorage

Stableadaptation

Low nitrogenfeed

Incineration Ureasubstitution

NH3 package

NH3 emissionNO3 leachingN2O emission

change in emission, % compared with situation without measures

Ammonia measures

Page 12: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

Potential effects of NO3 mitgation measures in EU 27

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

Balancedfertilization

Decreasedapplication onsloping soils

Efficient applicationtechnique

No winterapplication

Winter crops NO3 package

NH3 emissionNO3 leachingN2O emission

change in emission, % compared with situation without measures

Nitrate measures

Page 13: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

Policy scenarios

4 scenarios RAINS 4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework Directive 7 scenarios most promising measures7 scenarios Integrated Prevention and Pollution Control Directive (IPPC)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

ND partial 2000 ND partial 2010 ND full 2020 WFD 2020

total NH3 emissiontotal leachingtotal N2O emissiontotal NOx emission

N emission, kton per year

Page 14: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

“Validation”

NH3 emissions: RAINS

GHG emissions: UNFCCC

NO3 leaching: EEA/European Commission

N and P balances: OECD

Page 15: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

“Validation”

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

AT BL BG CY CZ DK ES EE FI FR DE GR HU IR IT LV LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SK SI SE UK

RAINS

MITERRA-EUROPE

ammonia emission from manure, kton per year

Country

Page 16: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

“Validation”Table xxx. Distribution of nitrate concentration in wells in groundwater bodies in European countries in 2002* (SOURCE EEA**) and the average calculated nitrate concentration with MITERRA-EUROPE in 2000. Percentage of wells <10 10-25 25-50 >50 mg NO3/l

average NO3 concentration MITERRA-EUROPE,

mg NO3/l Austria 35 27 22 16 7 Belgium 0 0 100 0 56 Bulgaria 43 25 18 14 24 Czech Republic 65 19 6 10 53 Denmark 49 17 13 21 50 Estonia 81 18 1 1 10 Finland 100 0 0 0 10 France 22 25 48 4 22 Germany 40 40 20 0 38 Greece 52 23 14 11 13 Ireland 73 23 5 0 14 Italy 56 12 13 19 18 Latvia 100 0 0 0 8 Lithuania 99 1 0 0 14 Malta 0 0 33 67 162 Netherlands 69 7 7 17 78 Poland 74 13 5 8 36 Portugal 47 19 16 18 7 Slovakia 66 13 13 8 12 Slovenia 24 31 29 17 11 Spain 4 16 38 42 26 Sweden 100 0 0 0 6 United Kingdom 37 22 28 12 17 * for all countries results are from 2002, except for France (2000), Greece (1998), and Spain (1999). ** htp://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/atlas/viewdata/viewpub.asp?id=1364

Page 17: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

“Validation”

0

25

50

75

100

0 25 50 75 100

4.B Manure Management

4.D.1 Direct Soil Emissions

4.D.3 Indirect Emissions

N2O emission, Gg N2O; MITERRA-EUROPE

1 : 1 lineN2O emission, Gg N2O; UNFCCC

Source: http://unfccc.int0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

CH4 emission, Gg CH4; MITERRA-EUROPE

1 : 1 line

CH4 emission, Gg CH4; UNFCCC

Page 18: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

“Validation”

Source: http://www.oecd.org

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Austria

Belgium

Czech. Rep

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Slovakia

Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom

MITERRA-EUROPE

OECD

N surplus, kg N per ha agricultural land

Page 19: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

Developments I

MITERRA EUROPE extended with:Soil carbon balances (CCAT and PICCMAT projects)Measures to reduce GHG emisssions (CCAT and PICCMAT)Heavy metal balances (CCAT)N C interactions (R&D Wageningen UR)

Page 20: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

Developments II

(Parts of) MITERRA incorporated inRAINS

CAPRI

CCAT tool (Cross Compliance Assessment Tool): http://www.ccat.nl/UK/

Eururalis land use: http://www.eururalis.eu/index.htm

INTEGRATOR prototype (Nitroeurope): http://www.nitroeurope.eu/

Page 21: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

Developments III

Water Frame Work Directive

Risk indicator for P leachingRiver basin district approach

Page 22: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

Conclusions: MITERRA EUROPEHelpful tool for integral assessment of effect of policies

N and GHG emissions, N and P surplus

Integrated N policy most effective to achieve environmental targets combination of reducing N input and technical measures

Large spatial differences in emissions in EUcountry or region specific measures

Link with other models/toolsRAINS, CAPRI, CCAT, Eururalis, INTEGRATOR

DevelopmentsSoil CMeasure to mitigate GHGIndicator for risk on P leaching?

Page 23: Integral assessment of effects of policies on N and GHG ...cost729.ceh.ac.uk/files/workshops/Austria/Presentations/Session2_Velthof.pdf4 scenarios Nitrates Directive/Water Framework

© Wageningen UR

Thank you! Oenema, O, D Oudendag & GLVelthof (2007) Nutrient losses from manure management in the European Union. Livestock Science 112, 261 272

http://www.scammonia.wur.nl/UK

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/cafe/activities/ammonia_en


Recommended