INTEGRATED FISH FARMING

Dr.UDAY D.G.M.V.Sc. Student

Dept.of LPMVCH,Bengaluru.

• The principle of integrated fish farming involves- farming of fish+livestock+/or agricultural crops

• Efficient in resource utilization

• Rising cost of protein-rich fish food and chemical fertilizers

Integrated Fish farming

Integrated fish farming systems refer to the production, integrated management and comprehensive use of aquaculture, agriculture and livestock

India: about 1500 years ago

Types

Aquaculture – Agriculture Integration

Aquaculture – Livestock Integration

Aquaculture – Agriculture Integration

• Fish - Rice integration• Fish - Azolla integration• Fish - Horticulture integration• Fish - Seri integration• Fish - Mushroom integration

Aquaculture – Livestock Integration

• Fish – Duck integration• Fish – Cattle integration• Fish – Poultry integration• Fish – Pig integration• Fish – Goat/Sheep integration• Fish – Rabbit integration

Some Fishes used IFF1. Hypothalmichthys molitrix (silver carp)

2. Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp)

3. Labeo rohita (rohu)

4. Cirrihinus mrigala (mrigal)

5. Cyprinus carpio (common carp)

6. Catla catla (catla)

Aquaculture – Agriculture Integration

Fish – Rice culture• Needs rice fields, digging peripheral trenches, dykes, pond

refuge, sowing improved rice varities, fish, rice-bran and oil cake of 2-3% of body wt.

• Rice varities – Panidhan, Tusli, CR 26077,Adt 6, Adt 7, Rajarajan, Pattambi 15 And 16

Withstand flood

Fish culture can be done simultaneous culturerotation culture

Fish sps must betolerate shallow watertemp. Up to 35 C low dissoved O2high turbidity

Fish – Azolla

• Azolla is a free floating fern• Its thick mat eliminates mosquitoes• Used as nitrogenous bio-fertilizer• Only 20% should be cultured so that light

penetraton is normal• Food for grass carp• Provide shade to fishes • Decayed azolla – feed for common carp & mrigal

Fish – Rice - Azolla

Fish - Horticulture• Top, inner and outer dykes of ponds is utilized for

horticulture crops

• Pond water can be used for crops, vegetables and fruit bearing plants

• Plants should be dwarf, less shady, evergreen

• Dwarf fruit bearing plants – mango, banana, papaya, coconut, lime

• Pineapple, ginger, turmeric chilli are intercrops

• Rose, jasmine,marigold can also be grown

• Residues of vegetables could be recycled into fish ponds

• When banana or coconut cultivated in rows the ditches act as supply or drainage canal

• Grass carp, rohu, catla, mrigal – 50:15:20:15

Fish – Seri culture• Mulberry is producer

• Silkworm is primary consumer

• Fish is secondary consumer (ingest silkworm faeces)

• Temp. 15-32`C

• Humidity 50-90%

Aquaculture – Livestock Integration

Fish – Duck • China, India, Hungary, Germany, Poland,

Russia

• A fish pond being semi-closed biological system with aquatic animals and plants provide disease free environment for ducks

• Ducks consume juvenile frogs, tadpoles, dragon fly making safe environment to fish

• Advantage – no loss of energy & fertilization is homogenous

• Duck droppings – carbon, phosphorous, potassium, nitrogen, calcium

• Ducks move freely in screened places above water

• Floating pens or suspended bamboo slits in pond allow uniform manuring

• Stocking of fishes depend on size of pond and no. of ducks

• Stocking 20,000 /ha – production 3000 - 4000 kg/ha/yr and duck eggs and meat

Fish – Duck - Vegetable

Fish – Cattle • World wide

• Cattle urine, dung and washings are disposed direly into fish ponds which saves money and labour

• The cattle faeces and urine are beneficial to the filter-feeding and omnivorous fishes.

• On an average, 3-4 cows/buffaloes can provide sufficient manure to fertilize one hectare pond

• In addition 9000 l milk & 3000-4000kg of fish ha/yr

• Fish farmers not only earn money but also supply fish and milk to market

• Cow requires 7000-8000kg grass/yr

• Grass carp utilizes leftover grass • Fish also utilizes fine feed wasted by cattle

• 20,000-30,000 kg of slurry is recycled in 1ha water area to get over 4000 kg fish without feed or any fertillizer application

• Under this system of integration the poultry birds are raised in cages under a shed normally constructed over the pond or in the vicinity of the pond

• The space requirement in such a system of poultry raising is about 1 sq.ft. per bird. The droppings of the birds fall on the floor from where these are collected and applied to the pond

Fish - Poultry

• The chicken house can also be built directly over the pond water so that the excreta may fall in the pond water underneath

• Usually, 400–600 chickens/ha of pond water surface are used.

• No feed or fertilizer is applied in the pond, except aquatic vegetation for the grass carp. Fish production at the rate of 4–5 t/ha is possible using this system.

• In India, this system of freshwater fish culture has assumed greater significance in view of its potential role in recycling of organic wastes and in integrated rural development

• The pig dung as an organic manure for fish culture has certain advantages over cattle manure. The waste produced by 20-30 pigs is equivalent to one ton of Ammonium Sulphate applied to the soil

• The pigs are fed largely on kitchen waste, aquatic plants and crop byproducts. At present, fish-pig integration is practiced in all the developing countries

Fish - Pig

• Several exotic breeds of pigs have been introduced in the country to augment pork production.

• The popular races are the• White Yorkshire, Berkshire and Landrace

• The pig pens should provide adequate protection from adverse weather conditions. A run or courtyard adjacent to the pig house is essential

• The size of the pig house depends on the number of pigs to be reared. Floor space is provided @3-4 m2 for every pig weighing 70-90 kg

• The pig house are built mostly at the pond sites and even over the ponds. The washings from the pigsties containing dung and urine are either channelised directly into the pond or composed before its application

• The boars, sows and finishing stocks are housed separately. Maize, groundnut, wheatbran, fishmeal, mineral mixture provide base for concentrated feed mixture

• In advanced countries,garbage is widely used to economize pork production and provided after pre-cooking when pig dung is applied to a pond

• It enhances the biological productivity of the pond. A portion of dung is directly consumed by some fish also. The excreta voided by 35-40 pigs is found adequate to fertilize one hectare of water

Fish - Goat• It is considered as poor man's cow and a

goat's excreta is considered as a very good organic fertilizer

• The goat excreta contains organic carbon-60%, N-2.7%, P-1.78%, K-2.88% and its urine is also equally rich in both N & P

• 50-60 goats are essential to fertilize 1 ha pond

• The goat breeds are Jamanapari, Beetal, Barbari for milk and Bengal, Sirihi, Deccani are used for meat purpose

• Goats are selective feeders and consume Berseem, Napier grass, Cowpea Soybean, Mulberry etc.,

• This integration can provide 3500-4000 kg fish/ha/year without supplementary feeding and fertilizer

Fish - Rabbit

• Rabbit meat is preferred by most of the health conscious consumers owing to its low fat in comparison to other meats

• The important meat breeds are Soviet Chinchilla, Grey Giant, and White Giant etc.,

• Rabbit excreta contain organic carbon-50%, N-2%, P-1.33%, and K-1.2%.

• Its excreta is high in nitrogen content and low in moisture, thus quality manure for sustained plankton production

• It is estimated that excreta from 300 rabbits would be enough for 1 ha pond fertilization

Advantages

• Fish provides high quality animal protein for human consumption.

• A farmer can often integrate fish farming into the existing farm to create additional income and improve its water management.

• Fish growth in ponds can be controlled: the farmers themselves select the fish species they wish to raise.

• The fish produced in a pond are the owner's property; they are secure and can be harvested at will.

• Effective land use: effective use of marginal land e.g. land that is too poor, or too costly to drain for agriculture can be profitably devoted to fish farming provided that it is suitably prepared.

Thank you ….