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Integrated livestock feed interventions in the maize-based systems of Babati district,
Tanzania
Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Review and Planning Meeting, Malawi, 14-16 July 2015
Ben A. Lukuyu, Leonard Marwa, Gregory Sikumba and David NgungaILRI
the Livestock angle! Click icon to add picture
Integrating improved FORAGES as animal FEED and LAND MANAGEMENT strategy (ILRI/CIAT)
Enhancing use of CROP RESIDUES (cereals, legumes and vegetable waste) as animal FEED (ILRI/CIAT)
Exploiting locally available feed resources to feed indigenous chickens (ILRI/AVRDC)
Pilot chicken rations
20162010 2011 2015201420132012
RESEARCH
DEVELOPEMENT
Scoping visits
Feed assessments using the FEAST tool
Survey for indigenous chickens
On station testing of forage varieties
On farm testing of forage varieties Forage ‘best bets’
identified
Tested various forage combinations on farm
Introduced and tested forage choppers Purchased more
efficient forage choppers and feed mills
Forage ‘best best’ combinations identified
Initiate integration on farms
Develop business models around forage choppers & feed mills
Identify forage champions
Develop a forage seed and planting materials supply system
Chicken rations formulated
Chicken rations tested
Pilot testing improved forages in Seloto, Sabilo and Long villages of Babati district.
Conducted participatory preference assessments of introduced forage varieties with communities
Activity 1: Introduce improved forages for livestock feed and as a land management strategy into existing farming systems.
Forages technologies….
Napier grass/ Leucaena leucocephala plot in Babati A Napier grass plot in
Babati
Desmodium green leaf plot in BabatiDesmodium/Napier grass
intercrop plot in Babati
Performance of Napier grass accessions
ILRI 16835 ILRI 16803 ILRI 16837 ILRI 14984 Kakamega 1 Kakamega 2 -
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
Leaf Yield (Ton/DM/acre) Stem Yield (Ton/DM/acre) Total Average yield (Ton/DM/acre)Napier grass acessions
Yiel
d (T
on/D
M/a
cre)
Farmer variety preferencesAccession Attributes Ranking of
attributes
Rank by total yield
Rank by quality (leaf:
stem ratio
ILRI 16837
1) Large number of leaves /plant and shoots/stool 1
3
1) Resistant to drought 3 11) Rapid recovery after cutting 2 1) Late flowering 4
KK2
1) Fewer leaves/stem, shoots/stool and medium height stems
1
1
1) Resilient to drought 4 31) Fast recovery after cutting 3 1) Large size leaves and thick stems 2
ILRI 168351) Fewer shoots but vigorous 1
2
1) Tolerant to drought 3 21) Late flowering 2
Growth Results 2015 Long Village
Accession ILPT (cm)
Average Height (cm) # LPT # TPP # IPT
LA (cm-2)
SC (cm)
Kakamega 1 10.75 189.83 15 58 7 228.20 6.50Kakamega 2 12.17 165.67 11 30 5 372.55 6.50ILRI 16837 9.12 199.83 13 39 6 388.32 7.40ILRI 16803 11.83 154.33 9 82 2 209.35 5.00ILRI 16835 12.17 280.00 15 34 8 477.54 7.00ILRI 14984 13.67 173.33 11 60 4 271.95 6.00Total 11.30 190.93 13 48 5 326.33 6.53
Growth Results 2015 Sabilo Village
AccessionILPT (cm)
Average Height (cm) # LPT # TPP # IPT LA (cm-2) SC (cm)
Kakamega 1 9 165.83 13 66 7 242.15 7.33Kakamega 2 9 154.83 13 36 7 340.91 7.00ILRI 16837 7 151.17 14 34 7 335.30 5.83ILRI 16803 9 145.67 14 41 6 187.37 4.00ILRI 16835 10 217.67 14 30 6 305.04 7.67ILRI 14984 9 157.67 13 67 4 231.74 5.67Total 9 166.18 14 44 6 277.57 6.30
Note: LPT=Number of Leaves per Tiller, TPP=Number of Tillers per plant, IPT=Number of Internode per Tiller, ILPT=Internode length per tiller (cm), LA=Leaf Area (cm2), SC=Stem Circumference (cm)
Napier Forage yield (2015 long rain season )
Kakamega KK2 ILRI 16837 ILRI 16803 ILRI 16835 ILRI 149840123456789
10
Sabilo Village Average Napier Yield (ton/ha)
LeafStem
Yiel
d to
n/ha
Kakamega KK2 ILRI 16837 ILRI 16803 ILRI 16835 ILRI 14984 0123456789
10
Long Village Average Napier Yield (ton/ha)
LeafStem
Yiel
d to
n/ha
High yield of stems
These stems go to waste due to poor processing. Results warrants the need to increase use of forage choppers.
DM(%)
Ash(%)
OM(%)
N(%)
CP(%)
NDF(%)
ADF(%)
ADL(%)
TIVOMD (%
)0
102030405060708090
100
Plant Leaf Chemical Results
KakamegaKK2ILRI 16837ILRI 16803ILRI 16835ILRI 14984Average
DM(%)
Ash(%)
OM(%)
N(%)
CP(%)
NDF(%)
ADF(%)
ADL(%)
TIVOMD (%
)0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Stem Chemical analysis Results
KakamegaKK2ILRI 16837ILRI 16803ILRI 16835ILRI 14984Overall
NIRS and Wet chemistry laboratory results for Stem and leaf for 6 Napier accessions.
Note:Samples of crop residues and other available feed and forages have been sampled and analyzed for quality to formulate rations for both livestock and poultry.
There is no much difference in nutritional quality (CP%), and True In vitro Organic Matter digestibility percent (TIVOMD).
Large areas are committed to crop production with limited areas of land committed to planted fodder.
Crop residues such as maize stover and bean haulms are commonly fed to livestock due to inadequate grazing land.
Crop residues are abundant but poorly stored and used.
Activity2: Crop residue utilization
Availability of major types of crop residues in Long, Sabilo and Seloto villages, Babati district
Type of crop residues
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Maizestover
Beans haulms
Pigeon pea haulms
Sorghum straw
Chick pea haulms
Finger millet straw
Maize stover yields observed in selected villages in Babati during the 2012-2013 cropping season
Post-harvest forage processing technologies offer potential to enhance use of crop residues for livestock feeding through;
o Improved storageoHandlingo Transportation o Increased feed intake
Enhancing crop residues use
Tested forage choppers with farmers
Fuel driven forage chopper in Babati Maize stover baler in Babati
Capacity development around forage choppers
Building business models around forages
Emerging needs
Key findings• Plenty cereal and legume grain products available on
farms• Plenty of unutilized vegetable waste exist in vegetable
growing areas• Poor processing of cereal and vegetable by
products/waste (a lack of technology)• Poor storage of feed resources• Indigenous chickens comprise 96.5% of the chickens
kept in Babati district.• Farmers own an average of 5 birds per HH.• A total of 53.2% of HH keep indigenous chickens
under extensive system• There is high mortality rate (60%) mainly due to
malnutrition, diseases, predators, and rough environmental conditions.
Activity 3: Improved feeding of indigenous chickens using local feed resources
Chicken feed rations based on locally available resources being tested with farmers
Vegetable based rations (2)Cereal by product based rations (2)
Introduction of three (3) feeds mills for chicken feed Piloting ‘best bet’ rations with farmers
Ongoing work…
Next steps….Integration and sustainability of the technologies
Test a business model around feeds mills
for making chicken feed
Pilot ‘best bet’ chicken feed rations
Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation
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