Integrated Resource Management

in Asian Cities: the Urban NEXUS

(Water / Energy / Food Security / Land Use)

Financed by:

BMZ

(German Federal Ministry

for Economic Cooperation &

Development)

Political Partner:

UN ESCAP

United Nations Economic

& Social Commission

Asia Pacific

Implementation Partner:

Local Governments for

Sustainability

(ICLEI South Asia & South

East Asia)

1st Phase 2013-2015

2nd Phase 2016-2018

Implemented by:

GIZ

German International

Cooperation

The Nexus approach highlights the interdependencies between achieving

water, energy and food security, trying to ensure an ecologically sustainable use

of globally essen­tial resources.

It is based on an understanding of the synergies and competing uses of

water, land and energy-related resources.

The Nexus approach is a fundamental shift, from a sectoral approach to a

cross-sectoral, coherent and integrated perspective.

The Nexus approach challenges existing structures, sector policies and

procedures at global, regional, national provincial and local level.

The three "supply securities" water, energy and food depend on ecosystems

and on each other and should be used and protected in a balanced manner.

Introduction

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Implemented by

Energy and water are interlinked:

• Water is used in the production of nearly all types of energy (coal,

geothermal, hydro, oil and gas, nuclear),

• Energy is the dominant cost factor in the provision of water and

wastewater services (extracting and conveying water, treating water,

distributing water, using water and collecting and treating wastewater).

Energy can account for up to 30% of total operating costs of water and waste

water utilities.

On average 15% of the world’s total water withdrawals are used for energy

production.

Water and energy interconnected

Robert C. Brears is the author of Urban Water Security (Wiley)

Implemented by

Tanjungpinang

Pekanbaru

Da Nang

Santa Rosa

Naga City

Rizhao

Weifang

Ulaanbaatar

Rajkot

Nagpur

Korat Chiang Mai

Partner-cities: 12 Cities in 7 Countries

China

India

Thailand

Vietnam

Philippines

Indonesia

Mongolia

Implemented by

11/11/2016

Create resilient cities (economically, socially, ecologically, politically) through:

• Physical infrastructure (innovative technologies & standards) (hard-ware), semi-

decentralized, cross sectoral infrastructure projects (grounded):

o Solid waste to energy, water,

o Waste water to energy, reuse of water, nutrients

o Replacement of old water pumps (energy gains) & reduction of water losses

o Energy Efficiency of buildings, energy savings, renewable energies

• Social infrastructure (soft ware):

all inclusive cities, people-centered development (“leave nobody behind”),

holistic/integrated planning/system, decentralization along subsidiarity principles,

empowerment of cities as “key drivers of development”

Within the framework:

• Circular (green) economy approach /job creation/capacity building

(return/reuse/recycle/recover)

Objective:

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User

make Product manufacturer

Parts manufacturer

Service provider

Consumer

Linear Economy

take

Mining/Minerals

Water

Energy

dispose

Landfill

Solid waste

pick up

Waste-water

Collection

only partially

Waste-water treatment

only partially

Discharge into

rivers, lakes & sea

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6

Nexus intervention

area

make

Product manufacturer

Parts manufacturer

Service provider

dispose

Anaerobic

digestion

Refuse-derived

fuel

User Consumer

take

Mining/Minerals Water

Energy

Landfill

Solid waste

pick up

Biogas

Recycle

Source

separation

return

Maintenance/

Repair

Reuse/

redistribute

Refurbish/

Remanufacture

Horticulture

Agriculture

return

Waste-water

collection

Black-water

separation

Service/Irrigation water

Grey-water

treatment

return

Circular Economy with Energy & Mass Flow Cycles

Biological

cycle

Technical

cycle

Energy

generation

return return

Energy

generation

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11/11/2016

2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDG’s)

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New Urban Agenda (NUA)

Habitat3 Conference Quito, Ecuador, 17 – 20 October, 2016

11/11/2016

NEXUS as action-oriented guiding principle!

Integrated cross - sectorial system approach within the

vision of a circular economy

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Energy & Mass flow – cycles from black & grey water

In order to reduce flooding and sewage contamination and

to recover energy and recycle the mass flow from the

waste water economically:

Technical Areas focused on:

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• storm water systems should be separated from waste water (black- & grey water) by own pipes

• grey water should be collected and treated separately

from black water (recycling)

• toilets should be directly connected to the black water system

• septic "collection" tanks (cesspits/cesspools) are not a

solution for urban agglomerations

• Vacuum sewer waste water collection as alternative to

gravity waste water collection

DON’T WASTE THE WASTE

Technical Areas focused on:

Energy & Material Cycle of Solid Waste

• Solid Waste to

Energy

• Solid Waste to

Water

• Recycling of

Solid

Waste/Valuables

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MYT extracts the following components from residual

household waste:

Maximum yield technology

• Innovative process to

maximize energy and

resource recovery.

• Recycles waste and

recovers energy and

raw materials.

• Works emission-free

with energy provided

by itself.

• Modular, flexible

design.

• Reduced land

consumption (3-5 ha

for 500-600 t of

waste/d).

• No odor.

• No separation at

source required.

Implemented by

Technical Areas focused on:

Model Houses ECO-City Ulaanbaatar Model Houses ECO-City Ulaanbaatar

Technical Areas focused on:

Energy Efficiency of Buildings, Building 4.0? ”Smart Buildings”

•Passive energy

buildings (building

envelope)

•Solar-thermal

panels for warm

water & heating, PV

•Challenge: nearly

zero energy

buildings for hot &

humid climate

(cooling & de-

humification)

Implemented by

Model Houses ECO-City Ulaanbaatar

Technical Areas focused on:

Energy Efficiency of Buildings

• Social/affordable

housing (ideal

Nexus approach)

• Climate Change

Resilient & Green

low-cost housing

Naga City,

Philippines

(with academe)

Implemented by

Model Houses ECO-City Ulaanbaatar

Technical Areas focused on:

Energy Efficiency of Buildings

• Climate Change

Resilient & Green

low-cost housing

Naga City,

Philippines

(with academe)

Implemented by

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New Formats

VERICAL INTEGRATION

National –sub-national-local dialogues

based on case studies (country wise)

promoting communal autonomy

HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION

Inter-communal cooperation to solve

infrastructure problems (cooperation

beyond administrative boundaries)

reaching economies of scale;

Organizational structures for clustering

required

Inclusion of academia

Peer-to-peer learning, south-south dialogue

Experience sharing through mutual visits

Institutionalized Nexus Working group meetings once to twice a year

UN ESCAP and ICLEI SA & SEA Websites with studies

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"We can not solve problems

with the same level of thinking

that created them” Albert Einstein