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Integrated science for our changing worldwww.ceh.ac.uk
Monitoring and Managing Ecosystem
Services: An Integrated
Approach
Professor Mark BaileyCentre for Ecology & Hydrology
Science Director of Biodiversity
Integrated science for our changing worldwww.ceh.ac.uk
Understanding ecosystemsWhat natural capital do we have and how is it changing?
What is causing the change and why?
How confident are we in predicting future change and risk?
What innovative management solutions do we need?
We need to adapt and enhance services and functions, to understand the impact of trade-offs and provide decision support
tools
Biodiversity
Water
Biogeochemistry
Integrated science for our changing worldwww.ceh.ac.uk
What natural capital do we
have and how is it changing?
Integrated science for our changing worldwww.ceh.ac.uk
How do we measure natural capital and the services they provide?
Countryside Survey -
a long term integrated monitoring programme of the UK’s rural landscape since 1978
Uniquely we can map and identify associations
Ecosystem service Measurement
Climate regulation Topsoil carbon concentration
Water quality Aquatic plant species richness
Pollination Number of bumble bee food plants
Support of biodiversity Plant species richness
www.countrysidesurvey.org.uk
Integrated science for our changing worldwww.ceh.ac.uk
National stock and change in ecosystem services
0
100
200
300
400
500
Car
bon
Con
cent
ratio
n (g
/kg)
Bog Soils
All Habitats
Arable Soils
1978 1998 2007
*
* *
*
Biodiversity: Plant species richness
Climate regulation: Topsoil carbon
Bog Soils
All Soils
Arable Soils
Integrated science for our changing worldwww.ceh.ac.uk
New data from Countryside Survey:Associations between services
r2 = 0.72; p = 0.008;
1
2
4
5
6
8
1 0
1 2
0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 0 3 5 0 4 0 0 4 5 0
S o il C arbo n sto ck in 2007
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
7 0
8 0
9 0
Water quality- stock
If we protect or enhance soil carbon will water quality also be protected?
Topsoil carbon stock in 2007
Wat
er q
ual
ity
in
200
7
Preliminary analysis of Countryside Survey data
Integrated science for our changing worldwww.ceh.ac.uk
Predicting future risk
and developing management
solutions
Integrated science for our changing worldwww.ceh.ac.uk
Win : Win Production and biodiversity in grasslands
Adding wildflowers to species-poor grasslands increases hay yield by up to 40%
DM difference = 0.148 Species difference - 0.58
r 2 = 0.46, n = 15, P < 0.01
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Difference in species number
Diff
eren
ce in
DM
t.ha
-1
Difference in plant species number
Hay
pro
du
ctio
n (
t/h
a)
Integrated science for our changing worldwww.ceh.ac.uk
Proving habitat for pollinators in arable systems
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
Nu
mb
er
of
bees p
er
vis
it
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year of sowing
Integrated science for our changing worldwww.ceh.ac.uk
Trade-offFood production and pollination
Crops and conservation headland areas (where crop is unsprayed) are not good for pollinators
We need to plant specific areas for bees
Pollinators are worth 150 billion euros to agriculture worldwide
Integrated science for our changing worldwww.ceh.ac.uk
Win : Win Wetland habitat management reduces
flood risk
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
08 10 12 14
Day (April 1998)
Flo
w (
m³/
s)
more time to act
lower flood risk
Flood flow to Oxford April 1998 (data)Flood flow without wetlands upstream (model)
Date in April 2008
Integrated science for our changing worldwww.ceh.ac.uk
Trade-offFlooding versus biodiversity within wetlands
Raising water levels in wetlands improves biodiversity but removes flood storage
Integrated science for our changing worldwww.ceh.ac.uk
Future challenges How do we quantify trade-offs and
develop decision support tools?
What are the metrics for different services and can they be combined?
How can we respond to win-win and trade-offs when they operate at different scales in the landscape?
How do place monetary value on these ecosystem services?
How can we overcome barriers and conflicts between different stakeholders?