INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Factors That Contribute To the Solid Factors That Contribute To the Solid Waste ProblemWaste Problem

Rapid UrbanizationRapid Urbanization

• Urban development

• New township development

• Development of housing estate

• Industrial

Changing LifestyleChanging Lifestyle

• Standard of living

• Buying power

Consumption PatternsConsumption Patterns

• Eating habits

• Buying power

Public IndifferencePublic Indifference

• People don’t care

• People believe that it’s government sole responsibility

• Propensity of the people to generate waste and just throw it anywhere

• Lack of appreciation of the importance of waste avoidance/reduction, segregation and composting

• Inefficient collection of garbage

• Non-Operation of a good disposal facility

Inadequate Government PolicyInadequate Government Policy

• Leak of enforcement

• No uniformity in regulations/ procedures

• Different methodology used

• No comprehensive laws and regulations

• Leak of Disposal area

Spiralling Population Growth RateSpiralling Population Growth Rate

• Population Growth rate

• Internal migration of population

• External migration of population

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTSOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Definition

The discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid

waste in manner that is accordance with the best principles of public health, economic, engineering, conservation, aesthetics and

environmental consideration.

ELEMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTELEMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

The activities associated with the management of solid waste from the point of generation to final disposal has been group into five elements.

GenerationStorageCollection, Transportation and Transfer Treatment Disposal

WHAT IS INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT ?

DefinitionDefinition

The selection and application of

suitable techniques, technologies

and management programs to

achieve specific waste

management objective and goals

Hierarchy of ISWMHierarchy of ISWM

Source Reduction

Recycle

Waste Transformation

Landfilling

Monitoring and Evaluation

Hierarchy of ISWMHierarchy of ISWM

Source Reduction

highest rank of the ISWM

most effective way to reduce the quantity waste, costs & env. Impacts.

Involve reducing the amount and/or toxicity of the waste

May occur through the design, manufacture, packaging of products

Cont’Cont’

minimum toxic content,

Minimum volume of material

Longer useful life

May also occur at the household, commercial, industrial facility.

Selective buying patterns & reuse of product & material.

Cont’Cont’

Recycle

Second highest rank

Important factor in reducing the demand or resources & the amount of waste requiring disposal by landfill.

Involved

separation and collection of waste materials

Preparation of the material for Reuse, Reprocessing, remanufacture

Reuse, reprocessing and remanufacture of these materials

Cont’Cont’

Waste Transformation

Involved the physical, chemical or biological alteration

Improve the efficiency of SWM operation & systems

To recover reusable & recyclable materials

To recover conversion products & energy

Heat & biogas

Reduce use of landfill capacity

Cont’Cont’

Landfilling

For solid waste that cannot be recycle & no future use

Residual matter remaining after separation

Residual matter remaining after recovery of combustion products / energy

Involves the controlled disposal of waste

WHAT IS WASTE?

DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS

Definition 1

Defined as wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and

unwanted

Definition 2

By products of human activities. Physically it contains the same materials as are found in

useful products

Con’t…Con’t…

Definition 3

Refuse is define as putrescrible and non-putrescrible solid wastes including

garbage, ashes, rubbish, street cleanings, dead animal and industrial

wastes

Con’t…Con’t…

Definition 4

Garbage is the putrescrible animal or vegetable waste generated from the

handling, preparation, consumption of food and is organic in nature

Con’t…Con’t…

Definition 5

Ash is the residue i.e. the waste product of fuel used for industrial purposes. It is incombustible part of the fuel and is

usually used for the landfilling or as a constituent in cement making.

Con’t…Con’t…

Definition 6

Rubbish is combustible and non-combustible part of refuse like paper,

rags, wood, and glass

CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTECLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE

Five main categories of solid waste :

Municipal Solid Waste

Agriculture waste

Industrial waste

Hazardous waste

Medical waste

JENIS SISA PEPEJAL TERKAWALJENIS SISA PEPEJAL TERKAWAL

• Sisa Pepejal Awam.

• Sisa Pepejal Import.

• Sisa Pepejal Isi Rumah.

• Sisa Pepejal Keinstitusian.

• Sisa Pepejal Komersial. Sisa Pepejal Pembinaan.

• Sisa Pepejal Perindustrian.

Municipal Solid WastMunicipal Solid Wastee

mainly the household waste include commercial waste and institutional waste.

it composition depends on factors such as living standard, geographical location, type of housing and seasons.

Agriculture wasteAgriculture waste

Wastes and residues resulting from diverse agricultural activities include plant residue and animal waste.

food processing waste is consider as agriculture waste

Some are considered as hazardous waste

Industrial wasteIndustrial waste

comprises waste from industrial

processes

E.g construction, fabrication,

manufacturing, refineries, chemical

plants

Some of these could also include hazardous waste

Hazardous wasteHazardous waste

Wastes or combination of wastes that pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human.

special group of wastes define by certain criteria containing substances causing hazard.

Sometimes hospital waste is also classified as hazardous waste

Con’t…Con’t…

the hazard effect could be due to any or all of following:

ignitability corrosivity reactivity toxicity infectivity

Medical WasteMedical Waste

Hospital waste includes hazardous and non-hazardous waste.

hazardous waste - clinical waste

Non-hazardous -

Clinical wastes are any waste consist human tissue, blood or other body fluids, excretion include infectious waste.

Urban wasteUrban waste

In the form of solid, semi-solid, liquid and gases

Could organic and anorganic

could divide into six types

Type of urban wasteType of urban waste

household wastes

city wastes

commercial wastes

industrial wastes

liquid waste

gaseous wastes

Household wastesHousehold wastes

consist of wastes generated in the preparation of food

mainly garbage, fuel, residue, house sweeping, household discard, garden wastes and animal dung.

City wastesCity wastes

derived from street cleaning, park, school.

consist mainly paper, dry leaves, animal dung, etc.

commercial wastes commercial wastes

from office, shops and markets, restaurants, hotel

include high proportion of paper, cardboard, wood, food waste ,glass and plastic.

Hospital waste some time include in commercial wastes.

Industrial wastesIndustrial wastes

from the manufacturing and the processing industries, construction .

proposition of wastes depending on the type of industry.

include metal ores, wood, lime, tiles, food waste, special waste and hazardous wastes.

Liquid wasteLiquid waste

include mainly domestic sewage and factory effluents.

could be organic and inorganic liquid.

e.g.Agro wastes chemical factory

gaseous wastesgaseous wastes

could be from exhaust fume of factories, incinerator and chimney discharges.

Sources of solid wastesSources of solid wastes

domestic or residential

municipal services

commercial

Institutional

construction and demolition

treatment plant site

industrial

agricultural

Domestic or residentialDomestic or residential

Facilities, activities /location Type of solid wasteSource

Residential Single family & multifamily detached dwelling,

Low, medium & high-rise apartment, etc.

Food waste, paper, cardboard, plastics, textile, leather, yard waste, wood, glass, tin, cans, aluminum, other metal, ash, street leaves, special waste, household hazardous waste.

Special waste:

Bulky items, consumer electronics, white goods, yard wastes collected separately, batteries, oil and tires.

Type of Solid Waste

CommercialCommercial

Facilities, activities /location

Type of solid wasteSource

Commercial Stores, restaurants, markets, hotel, motel, print shop, service station, auto repair shop.

Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food waste, glass, metal, special waste, hazardous waste, ets.

InstitutionalInstitutional

Facilities, activities /location

Type of solid wasteSource

Institutional Schools, hospitals, prisons, governmental centers.

Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food waste, glass, metal, special waste, hazardous waste, ets.

Construction and DemolitionConstruction and Demolition

Facilities, activities /location

Type of solid wasteSource

Construction and demolition

New construction sites, road repair/renovation sites, razing or building, broken pavement.

Wood, steel, concrete, dirt, etc.

Municipal ServicesMunicipal Services

Facilities, activities /location

Type of solid wasteSource

Municipal service

(Excluding treatment facilities)

Street cleaning, landscaping, catch basin cleaning parks and beaches, other recreational areas.

Special waste, rubbish, street sweepings, landscape and tree trimmings, catch basin debris, general waste from parks, beaches and recreational areas.

Treatment plant sitesTreatment plant sites

Facilities, activities /location

Type of solid wasteSource

Treatment plant sites;

Municipal incinerators

Water, waster water and industrial treatment processes, etc.

Treatment plant wastes, principally composed of residual sludges.

Municipal Solid WasteMunicipal Solid Waste

Facilities, activities /location

Type of solid wasteSource

Municipal solid waste

All as above All as above

IndustrialIndustrial

Facilities, activities /location

Type of solid wasteSource

Industrial Construction, fabrication, ligh & heavy manufacturing, refineries, chemical plants, power plants, demolition, etc.

Industrial process wastes, scrap materials, etc.

Non-industrial wastes including food wastes, rubbish, ashes, demolition & construction wastes, special wastes, hazardous waste.

AgriculturalAgricultural

Facilities, activities /location

Type of solid wasteSource

Agricultural Field and row crops, orchards, vineyards, dairies, feedlots, farm, etc.

Spoiled food wastes, agricultural wastes, rubbish, hazardous wastes.

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