Integrated wastewater/Renewable Energy Projects
Drinking water supply and sanitary services in México
Source:“Estadísticas del Agua en México”SEMARNAT, CNA (2010)
87100
92 88
7576
100
8176
38
0
20
40
60
80
100
Brazil USA Guatemala Mexico China
% p
opul
ation
Drinking waterSanitary service
0
20
40
60
80
100
D.F México Puebla Tlaxcala Veracruz
% d
e po
blac
ión
con
acce
so a
l ser
vici
o
Drinking water
Sanitary service
Water extraction and use in Mexico*• Raw water extraction in
Mexico*– Surface: 45.1 km3
– Sub-surface: 27.4 km3
72.5 km3
• Water use:– Agricultural– Industrial– Domestic
*Surce: CNA, 2010
Agricultural Domestic Industrial Other
Agricultural Domestic Industrial Other
Surface
Ground water
Used
vol
ume
(hm
3 /ye
ar)
Used
vol
ume
(hm
3 /ye
ar)
Domestic and non-domestic wastewater generation and release, 2010
Domestic discharges
Wastewater produced 7.63 km3/year (242 m3/s)
Collected in the sanitary system 6.50 km3/year (206 m3/s)
Treated 2.35 km3/year (74.4 m3/s)
Organic charge generated 2.06 million of tons BOD/year
Collected in the sanitary system 1.75 million of tons BOD/year
Removed during treatment 0.52 million of tons BOD/year
Non-domestic discharges (including industrial)
Wastewater produced 5.77 km3/year (183 m3/s)
Collected in the sanitary system 0.87 km3/year (27.7 m3/s)
Organic charge generated 6.74 million of tons BOD/year
Removed during treatment 0.82 million of tons BOD/year
Mortality by diarrheic illnesses in children under 5 years old, 2003 and 2004
Capable to generate non selective, highly oxidizing species.
Able to degrade organic compounds or mineralize it to CO2 and water.Some AOPs may use solar radiation as driven force in restoration processes.
Solar photocatalysis (SP) is the AOP currently in use for water treatment
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)
Homogeneous photocatalysis (Fenton and Fenton-like)
222
222
3
2
32
322
2
HOFehFeOOH
HFeOOHOHFe
productsOxidizedOHHORH
HOFeHOFe
HOHOFeOHFe
Degradación de colorantes
Solar photocatalytic detox
Solar photocatalytic detox
Solar photocatalytic disinfection
Solar photocatalytic disinfection
Solar photocatalytic disinfection
Solar photocatalytic disinfection
ConclussionsWater decontamination and disinfection is possible using solar driven advanced oxidation processes.
Fenton and Fenton like processes demonstrate high efficiency for organic pollutants degradation in short periods of time.
Some of these processes are currently on use at industrial application in developed countries. It is interesting assess the feasibility of using experience generate so far for applications in our country.
NSF
CONACyT
Fundacion MAPFRE
European Union
OAS
EPA P3
Jordana Castillo (UDLAP)Veronica Aurioles (UDLAP)Liliana González (UAEM)Eduardo Velez (CIDETEQ)Gerardo Martínez (UDLAP)Prof. J. Luis Sanchez (UDLAP)Prof. Dion Dionysiu (UC)Prof. Patrick Dunlop (UU)
Acknowledgements