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Integrated Water Resources Management: Challenges and
Opportunities• Frank A. Ward, Professor
• NMSU College of Agriculture, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences• Querétaro, Mexico
• March 31-April 1, 2011
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Water Policy Challenges• International
– Water conservation to promote food security for growing population
– Eliminating water poverty. • Drinking water • Sanitation
– Peaceful sharing of transboundary waters– Resilient institutions to allocate water under
• Growing population• Drought• Climate change 2
Water Policy Challenges
• New Mexico, USA– Affordable safe water supply for rural areas.– Meet water deliveries to TX and MX– Raise economic benefits from scarce water (about
1 MAF/year in RG Basin)– Affordable water conservation (B > C)– Efficient transfers from farms to growing cities– Water rights adjudication
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Water Policy Challenges
• Querétaro MX– Growing aquifer overexploitation– More than 100,000 rural people not connected to
safe drinking water system – Low cost measures for safe and reliable supplies in
rural areas. (e.g., solar pumps, standpipes)– Reducing groundwater depletions while supplying
drinking water to rural areas affordably• New aqueduct• Cost recovery
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Informing policy with science• Integrated Water Resources Management
– Hydrology– Agronomy– Economics– Institutions and Policies
• River Basins in Queretaro– Panuco: to Gulf of MX– Lerma-Santiago: to Pacific.
• Begin with a schematic of sources/uses5
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Hypothetical BasinWatershed runoff
Reservoir
Irrigated crops
Flooding
Urban water supply
Groundwater
Fish and wildlife
Treaty obligation
Hydropower
Compact Obligation
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Egypt: Nile Basin
Basin Schematic Uses• Engages stakeholders• Promote stakeholder consensus• Promote stakeholder debate• Summarizes sources, uses, and values• Tool for policy analysis / experiments
– Hydrologic– Economic– Agronomic– Institutions
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Informing policy with science• Water Data
– Supplies (precipitation, runoff)• Past (gauged flows, period of record)• Future (climate change)
– Demands• Past (cities, agriculture, environment)• Future (growing cities, changing agriculture)
– Technology• Past (old)• Future (new)
– Population, Demographics (past, future)– Value of water in alternative uses
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Informing policy with science• Policy choices
– Promoting conservation • Agriculture • Urban
– Stream adjudications– Establishing water markets to cope with shortages– Pricing
• Social justice• Revenue sustainability• Economic efficiency
– Regulating groundwater pumping 10
Informing policy with science• Policy choices (infrastructure: benefit - cost)
– Urban supply networks– In home water filtration – Facilities
• Treatment • Recycling
– Private groundwater development– Solar panels for pumping where power/fuel is scarce– Build, expand reservoirs– Rehab ditches
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Recent NMSU Research findings• Rio Grande Basin, US-MX
– Subsidizing drip irrigation can increase water use– Two-tiered pricing can conserve water while
promoting social justice– Switch to renewable supplies reduces gw
pumping, but costs about 6% of benefits per year. • Nile Basin, Egypt
– Water trading can increase income by 5-7%• Balkh Basin, Afghanistan
– Formal drought sharing institutions: raise farm income and food security 12
Afghan Irrigation
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Planned Research/Teaching• Rio Grande Basin, US-MX
– Cost of sustainable water use?– Benefits of water rights adjudication?– Cost effective ways to reduce irrigation water use
• Nile Basin, Egypt– Best ways to cope with climate change, upstream water
right claims. – Fair ways to share water.
• Euphrates (Turkey, Syria, Iraq)– Promote development in Iraq with falling supplies (drought,
dams, climate change, poor water rights)
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Planned Research/Teaching• Balkh Basin, Afghanistan
– Demonstrate decision support spreadsheets to water stakeholders
– Search for better water sharing institutions
• Amu Darya (5 countries)– Power production in Tajikistan– Afghan irrigation– Irrigation in Uzbekistan– Environmental Recovery, Aral Sea
• Euphrates Basin (Iraq)– Decision support systems for drought water sharing
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Getting more from water
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Comments?
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