INTEGRATING CLIMATE RESILIENCE IN SMART CITIES
“Smart Cities Conference and Expo 2016”
10th May, 2017
By: Dr. Jyoti Parikh Executive Director
• IRADe, a think tank set up in 2002 • Conducts multi disciplinary research and policy analysis • Multi stakeholders problems and approaches involving government, non-
governmental organizations, corporations, academia and financial institutions. • Engages in national and international dialogue for consensus building
About IRADe
Sustainable Urban
Development
Climate Change
& Environment
Energy
&
Power Systems
Poverty Alleviation
&
Gender
Agriculture &
Food Security
Key Thematic Areas
Climate Change & Urban Resilience
Disaster Management & Vulnerability Assessment
Smart Cities & Sustainable Urban Development
CENTRE
OF
EXCELLENCE
Centre of Excellence Urban Development & Climate Change
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Geographical Coverage - CoE
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• How many cities are vulnerable to disasters & climate change? • How prepared cities are to the extreme events & disasters? • Capacity building for Urban Local Bodies for preparedness? • Integrating disaster & climate resilience through master
plans/smart city development plans? • Developing consensus amongst disparate stakeholders for low
carbon growth?
Questions being addressed by CoE
• Climate and Disaster Resilience, MoUD
• Urban Infrastructure (Waste, Water, Power and transport), MoUD
• Solar Cities & Low Carbon Cities, MNRE
• Air pollution and Health, NERC & MoEF
• Climate, Health & Cities, DST, IDRC
• Planning for Heat wave alert and Early Warning System for
Dengue
Other Areas focussed by CoE
Priorities of Sendai Framework (2015-2030)
• Understanding Disaster Risk
• Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance to Manage Disaster Risk
• Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience
• Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response and To “Build Back
Better” in Recovery
Seven Global Targets of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
• Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower average per 100,000 global mortality rate in the decade 2020-2030 compared to the period 2005-2015
• Substantially reduce number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming to
lower average global figure per 100,000 in the decade 2020 -2030 compared to the period 2005-2015
• Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic
product (GDP) by 2030 • Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption
of basic services, among them health and educational facilities, including through developing their resilience by 2030
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Rapid Vulnerability Analysis Framework-HIGS By IRADe
A framework named HIGS was developed where “H” is Hazard Exposure; “I” stand for Infrastructure, “G” for Governance and “S” for Socio-Economic variables.
H
Hazards: Physical and Meteorological Indicators •Temperature (Maximum. Minimum) •Precipitation (Maximum. Minimum) •Mean Sea Level •Frequency of Drought •Frequency of Floods •Frequency of Cyclones
G
Governance- Institutions •Participatory •Transparency •Accountability •Response efficiency and capability •Innovative financing
I
Infrastructure and Urban Services •Water supply •Sewerage system •Solid waste management •Storm water drainage •Transportation •Power •Housing
S
Socio-Economic Indicators •Demographic composition (Sex-Ratio, age structure) •Slum Population (Poverty status) •Literacy rate •Migration flow •Urbanisation trend and urban sprawl
HIGS -Climate Responsive Urban
Development
• HIGS framework for Rapid Vulnerability Analysis (RVA) of Cities.
• Aimed to assist policy makers, urban planners, city administrators, experts, academicians and students in dealing with climate related impacts in cities and formulate adaptation strategies
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International Best Practice - Working Paper on HIGS Framework for Climate-Resilient Urban Development
• 20 cities selected from 14 states • Coverage of different ecosystem
types - coastal, hills, riverine, mixed (arid and dry).
• Developed HIGS as a methodological framework for preparing Rapid Vulnerability Profiles of the cities
• Climate Vulnerability profiles of 20 Indian Cities were developed
• Vulnerability matrix was prepared for detailed analysis.
• Highlighted Infrastructure, governance and institutional framework needed for building resilience at city level
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Vulnerability Assessment of 20 Indian Cities
city level
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Vulnerability Matrix
1. Assessment of State of Disaster Resilience of 10 Indian Cities. 2. Four Capacity Building Workshops 3. Outputs: GIS maps (Hazard Assessment maps) prepared for the 10 cities: DEM Maps, Flood hazard maps, Critical support services map, Vulnerable social groups map, Integrated land use and flood prone area maps Vulnerability Assessment Matrix of the cities Disaster Timelines of the cities
Sustainable & Disaster Resilient Urban Development; Case studies of 10 Indian Cities
Vulnerability to Hazards
Vulnerability Indicators: Governance & Mitigation Variables Ahmedabad Bhopal Bhubaneswar Dehradun Guwahati Hyderabad Pune Shillong Srinagar Visakhapatnam
Governance and Institutional Framework Disaster response system L H L L L M L L L M
City Disaster Management department L H L M L M L L M H
Dedicated persons to handle and update Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) data
L H L H M M M M M M
DRR in urban planning L H L M M M M M H M
Top down approach or Bottom up approach M H L L L L L L L M
Adaptation Strategies in the cities Prevention( preparedness drills/mock drills, regular training)
H L L L L L L M
Human Resource-trained workforce for community interaction, community awareness initiative etc
L H L L L M L L L M
Early warning system and rehabilitation M H L L L L L H L M
Updated previous disaster database L H M L M M M M L M
Mitigation Actions by Category
Emergency Services- like dedicated control room for information dispensation and coordination and Necessary equipments in place and functioning
L H L L L L L L L L
Natural Resource Protection M M M M M
Building codes for current and future construction
L H L L L L L L L H
L : Low vulnerability (desired system at place) M: Medium Vulnerability (desired system at place but needs improvement H: High Vulnerability ( desired system missing and not functional
Key Observations Increased Population density and Urbanization, increases vulnerability to disaster. As
compared to the national growth rate of 17.64% (2001-11) all the cities, expected for Shillong and Guwahati, has recorded higher growth rates
In absence of basic facilities, slum population is the most vulnerable group at the
times of disaster. Bhubaneshwar and Vishakhapatnam has the highest share of slum population to the total population of the cities, (44% and 45% respectively)
Cities are exposed to multiple natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, urban floods,
drought/ water scarcity, landslides, heat & cold waves etc. Srinagar, Ahmedabad, Dehradun, Guwahati and Visakhapatnam are among the most vulnerable cities exposed to numerous natural and man-made hazards
Cities do not meet with the MoUD benchmarks for Urban Infrastructure like Water
supply, Sewerage, Solid waste management and storm water drainage facilities None of the cities have disaster resilience plans and strategies incorporated in
respective City Development Plans
Towards Disaster Resilient Cities
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) using of indigenous knowledge alongside scientific knowledge is increasingly advocated to reduce community vulnerability to environmental hazards
Database management will provide inundation information about the onset, duration and passing of a hazard event. City Disaster Management Plan (CDMP), needs to be prepared for cities
Natural Resource Management plan and regional plan can make the city well informed about hazards
Strong Governance and Institutional Framework, covering disaster resilience, adaptation, environment and sustainability is highly required as the city is being upgraded on all fronts
Training need assessments and Technical Capacity building at Urban Local Body Level
Robust Infrastructure, building stronger transportation system, water supply, sanitation and power infrastructure with optimum physical resilience
Improving Socio-economic conditions of urban poor Engage private actors in the delivery of government infrastructure and services
City Reports
• Inputs to integrate Climate resilience in smart city framework of Govt. of India • Consultations with ULBs to integrate disaster and climate resilience as
part of master plans, city development plans and smart city plans • Engaged with Ahmedabad & Guwahati City Municipal Corporations
• Policy recommendations and interventions for developing climate
resilient smart cities in India • Working on Climate, Health and Cities • Working on Air pollution and Health , NERC, MoEF
Climate Resilient Smart Cities
Physical
• Water • Waste • Transportation • Communication • Energy • Buildings
Economic
• Macro and Micro Finance
• Industries • Services • Commerce • PPP • Institutions
Governance
• City Enforcement and Regulation
• E-Governance • Service Delivery
Mechanism • Security and
Emergency Services
• Public Participation
Social
• Education • Health • Cultural • Recreation • Entertainment • Green and Open
Spaces
C l i m a t e R e s i l i e n t a n d R e s p o n s i v e
C o m p o n e n t s o f S m a r t C i t y
S m a r t I n t e r v e n t i o n s
Physical Economic Governance Social
Health Cultural Recreation Entertainment Green and Open Spaces
C l i m a t e R e s i l i e n t a n d R e s p o n s i v e
S m a r t I n t e r v e n t i o n s
S m a r t C i t y
Smart City Framework
Climate Change
Governance/City Administrations
Integrate Disaster Resilience in Smart City Plans
Strengthen Infrastructure Services, Asset Building
Flexible solutions Substitutes/Alternatives
Effective Disaster Mgmt. & Response System planning (CDMPs,
EOCs, EWS, Control rooms, DRR funds)
Poverty Reduction, Improving socio-economic conditions
Efficient natural resource mgmt., ecosystem based development,
energy conservation interventions Effective implementation of Urban
Reforms (74th CCA)
energy conservation interventions
Better coordination among city ULBs & all parastatal agencies
Disaster Risk Reduction
DRR should be integrated into city planning.
Identification of vulnerable areas of the
city
Separate budget for DRR
Infrastructure
Maintenance of infrastructure database.
Reducing per capita water/energy
consumption. Improving fuel efficiency.
Crisis management and recovery from smart meters and advanced Outage Management
Systems (OMS)
Urban Environment
Passive Design measures to increase thermal
comfort
Recycle/ Reuse of water to be encouraged
PPP model for the maintenance of public
parks.
Key Initiatives for Climate Resilient Smart City
Partners and Sponsors
Thank You
For more information Contact
Dr. Jyoti Parikh @ [email protected]
IRADe Centre of Excellence
Urban Development and Climate Change Ministry of Urban Development ,
Govt. of India
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