Integrating Geographic Information Systems

and Vehicle Operations

Hal Bowman

ESRI, Inc.

GIS creates spatial relationships between otherwise unrelated data

“Spatial Join”

e.g. Customers

e.g. Work Areas

Spatial DatabaseLayers

GIS allows many types of analysis on Spatial Data

GISGISDataData

ModelModel

Raster Raster Analysis Analysis

(GRID)(GRID)

Geometric Geometric AnalysisAnalysisNetwork Network

AnalysisAnalysis

Cartographic Cartographic OutputOutput

ModelingModelingInterfacesInterfaces

VisualizationVisualization

Integration

Merging of Two PhilosophiesMerging of Two Philosophies

GIS Logistics““Better DecisionsBetter DecisionsThrough BetterThrough BetterInformation”Information” - Jack D.- Jack D.

““Good Logistics =Good Logistics =Sales and Profit”Sales and Profit” - Gus Pagonis- Gus Pagonis

Integrated Solutions

Enabling Technologiesfor Integration with Logistics

• Spatial Databases– Geocoding capabilities– Routing attributes: Networks

• GIS tools

• Logistics tools– Routing capabilities: Solvers

Geographic vs. Logical Networks

• Graph algorithms operate on logical networks.

• There are a number of issues related to modeling a spatial network as a logical network– One-way or two-way streets and turns– Directionality– Planar or non-planar

• A geometric junction may really be a bridge over another road

Geographic .v.s. Logical Networks

• A programmer’s library of functions for building applications.

• Provides embeddable “solvers”, i.e.– Shortest path– Travelling salesman– Service areas– OD or distance matrix calculation

ArcLogistics ArcLogistics RouteRoute

Complete, Easy to Use Routing Solution for Your DesktopComplete, Easy to Use Routing Solution for Your Desktop

Major functions

• Geocodes orders: matches address to map

• Optimize routes & schedules

• Output: maps, directions, and reports

Optimize routes and schedules

• Minimize

f(Time Window Violation Minutes, Cost)

• While honoring maximum weight, volume, stops, and “specialties”

Solution Methodology

• Build clusters of stops– Near vehicle work areas

• Sequence stops within routes

• Swap stops in between routes to improve solution

• Uses heuristics. We use tabu search.

Network Based Clustering

A seed point approachtakes into account thetravel time and distance

Swapping• Inter-route improvements

Inter-route ExchangeInter-route Exchange

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Inter-route SwitchInter-route Switch

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Route 2

Sequencing• Intra-route improvements

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Forward Insertion

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Backward Insertion

ArcViewTRACKING ANALYST

Key features

• Real-time display of data

• Playback of stored data

• Allows display and analysis as data comes in.

• Rules to trigger events based on an objects location and/or attribute