INTEGRATION site plan Structural Integration: Exercises in Structural Framing [Pavilion + Tower] arc321 Structures III _ Fall 2009, arc322 Building Technology V _ Structures II _ Spring 2010-12 Structural design can be defined as the art and science of configuring material into self-supporting and load bear- ing systems employed to accommodate a specific programmatic use. In the context of architecture, the program includes the technical mediation of site, the definition of quantitative space for human occupation and the rendering of qualitative space for human experience. Previous laboratory projects have provided students the opportunity to explore and study structural behavior in abstract realms; as self supporting sculptural systems and as elements and systems defined in terms of force, form, material and connection. This laboratory project addresses application. Students are provided a simple archi- tectural program which establishes constraints and quantitative requirements. Aspects of the program are flexible and subject to interpretation in order to provide students the opportunities typically afforded an architect during schematic design and design development. Students are required to conceive and develop a structural design for the program. The structural designs focus on framing, tributary areas, horizontal and vertical systems, and foun- dations. Students are required to utilize references and rules-of-thumb for the sizing and spacing of all members. The designs are developed and illustrated in a series of structural drawings and physical models. Students work in teams of four. This exercise is repeated two to three times; each with a different programmatic challenge and a different material palette [open-air pavilion in wood and observation tower in steel]. Following the completion of this series of laboratory projects each student is expected to have the ability to effectively design a simple and techni- cally accurate schematic structural design, given a simple architectural program. Objectives: following the completion of this project students should have: - the ability to conceive and develop a comprehensive structural design for a small scale architectural program - the ability to schematically size and space structural members - the ability to illustrate a structural design in drawings and model - an informed understanding of tributary areas, structural framing and foundations - an informed understanding of the qualitative and quantitative relationships between structural and architectural design Course Context: The 1-2-3 way exercise is administered concurrently with lectures on structural systems, structural space and strategies for structural integration. It is also administered concurrently with computational exercises related to tributary areas and force flow, and the calculation of loads, reactions, shear and moment in beams, and the sizing of wood beams, columns and connections. Project Conditions 189
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Quantitative structural design: 20%- effectiveness of structural system - appropriateness of member types, sizing and spacing- appropriateness of connections relative to members and systemQualitative structural design: 20%- appropriateness of structural design - structural innovation and degree of integration to architectural designModel: 30%- effectiveness in rendering and expressing structural design - craftDrawings: 30%- appropriateness of content and degree of resolution - effectiveness of communication: organization and craft
Grading:
Isometric description:
Collaborative learning is an educational methodology where students work in small groups to construct knowledge; where knowledge is considered to be a consensus constructed through individual contribu-tions and group discussion. In order to ensure each team project is the result of equitable individual contributions each student will submit a concise and critical evaluation of their team members. This evaluation is to be submitted on the project due date. Team members that fail to make sufficient quan-titative and/or qualitative contributions will receive a reduced grade for the respective project.
Collaborative Learning and Evaluation:
site plan
model plan
Structural Integration: Exercises in Structural Framing [Pavilion + Tower]arc321 Structures III _ Fall 2009, arc322 Building Technology V _ Structures II _ Spring 2010-12
Structural design can be defined as the art and science of configuring material into self-supporting and load bear-ing systems employed to accommodate a specific programmatic use. In the context of architecture, the program includes the technical mediation of site, the definition of quantitative space for human occupation and the rendering of qualitative space for human experience.
Previous laboratory projects have provided students the opportunity to explore and study structural behavior in abstract realms; as self supporting sculptural systems and as elements and systems defined in terms of force, form, material and connection. This laboratory project addresses application. Students are provided a simple archi-tectural program which establishes constraints and quantitative requirements. Aspects of the program are flexible and subject to interpretation in order to provide students the opportunities typically afforded an architect during schematic design and design development. Students are required to conceive and develop a structural design for the program. The structural designs focus on framing, tributary areas, horizontal and vertical systems, and foun-dations. Students are required to utilize references and rules-of-thumb for the sizing and spacing of all members. The designs are developed and illustrated in a series of structural drawings and physical models. Students work in teams of four. This exercise is repeated two to three times; each with a different programmatic challenge and a different material palette [open-air pavilion in wood and observation tower in steel]. Following the completion of this series of laboratory projects each student is expected to have the ability to effectively design a simple and techni-cally accurate schematic structural design, given a simple architectural program.
Objectives: following the completion of this project students should have:- the ability to conceive and develop a comprehensive structural design for a small scale architectural program- the ability to schematically size and space structural members- the ability to illustrate a structural design in drawings and model- an informed understanding of tributary areas, structural framing and foundations - an informed understanding of the qualitative and quantitative relationships between structural and architectural design
Course Context: The 1-2-3 way exercise is administered concurrently with lectures on structural systems, structural space and strategies for structural integration. It is also administered concurrently with computational exercises related to tributary areas and force flow, and the calculation of loads, reactions, shear and moment in beams, and the sizing of wood beams, columns and connections.
Open-Air Pavilion | Wood - Example Project Drawings
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PAVILION [PROJECT 1.2]
teaching |structures |structural integration |
Open-Air Pavilion | Wood - Example Project Model
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PAVILION [PROJECT 1.2]
| teaching | structures | structural integration
water
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1’-0” 0’-6”
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14-’0”
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Member Schedule
F1 Concrete Pilaster is extended from the concrete footing as extra support for the glulam beams. F2 0’- 6” slab on grade reinforced with #4 rebar 18” on center gridF3 1’- 0” channel to provide water movement in over flow situation.F4 #4 rebar Support for concrete footing, placed 3” above ground with anchor bolts spaced 4’ o.c.
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Scale: 1/4” = 1’-0”
2’ - 0” o.c.TYP.
Member Schedule
t1 tension cable, 1/2” steel cable. B1 Primary Beam 12” taper ing to 18”depth, 6” width glulam southern pine wood memberb2 secondary beam, 2”X4”
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south elevation
west elevation east elevation Scale: 1/4” = 1’-0”
11’-6”13’-6”
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D5 6” width glulam southern pine wood beam, end tapering to 12“ from18” maximum depth.d6 1/2“ plate steel cap over end of glulam beam. d7 notch cut into concrete footing to allow for roller connection of steel capped glulam member.
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D8 1/2” Plate steel tension connector, welded to steel cap.D9 1/2“ plate steel cap over end of glulam beam. D10 6” steel pin
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D1 1/4” plate steel gussets to prevent shear around pin connection D2 6” Steel Pin connection. D3 6” width glulam southern pine wood beam, end tapering to 12“ from18” maximum depth.d4 1’ steel gutter at 1/4” thick for water drainage and tension support at Extremities 6” Steel Pin connection.
Open-Air Pavilion | Wood - Example Project Drawings
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PAVILION DIVERSE
teaching |structures |structural integration |
Keynotes
ALWAYS THINK SAFETY STRUCTURAL FRAMING EXCERCISE
ARC 322 s11
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Note: Required Maximum Occupancy 27 People
1. Corrogated Steel 1/8” 24 Gauge2. 2“x6” Rough Saw on Timber3. 25’x6”x16” Glulam4. 2”x12” Across top Louver System5. 2”x8” Treated Lumber for the Bridge6. 4” Thick Slab7. Poured Concrete for Benches8. 6”x12” Rough Saw on Timber
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Use of opposing cantilever system to counter balance forces of gravity against structural system.
Structural Concept:
ALWAYS THINK SAFETY STRUCTURAL FRAMING EXCERCISE
ARC 322 s11
D-1
ABDU
LMOH
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1.5”
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1 1/2” steel hanger2 6”x16”x25’ glu-lam beam3 3/8” bolt4 3/8” nut and washer5 3/8”x12” J bolt imbedded in concrete6 2” solid steel pin7 3/8” rebar 8” web8 4” 2500PSI concrete slab with #3 rebar at 2’ O.C. typ.
10 1/2” steel plate and hindge connection
D 2.1SCALE - 1/2”
D 1.2SCALE - 1/2”
D 1.1SCALE - 1/2”
D 2.2SCALE - 1/2”
D 3SCALE - 1/4”
ALWAYS THINK SAFETY STRUCTURAL FRAMING EXCERCISE
ARC 322 s11
D-1
ABDU
LMOH
SEN
ALRE
ESH
- GEN
C BER
ISHA
- JOE
Y FEL
IX - S
TEW
ART M
ALCO
LM -
ANDR
EW SC
HAFF
NER
COLL
EGE
OF
ARC
HIT
ECTU
RE
LA
ND
SCA
PE A
RCH
ITEC
TUR
E
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1.5”
11.5”
2.25
”
6”
16”
24”
6”
1
2
3
1
2
1
34
4
5
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8
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24”
18”
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610
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KEYNOTES
1 1/2” steel hanger2 6”x16”x25’ glu-lam beam3 3/8” bolt4 3/8” nut and washer5 3/8”x12” J bolt imbedded in concrete6 2” solid steel pin7 3/8” rebar 8” web8 4” 2500PSI concrete slab with #3 rebar at 2’ O.C. typ.
10 1/2” steel plate and hindge connection
D 2.1SCALE - 1/2”
D 1.2SCALE - 1/2”
D 1.1SCALE - 1/2”
D 2.2SCALE - 1/2”
D 3SCALE - 1/4”
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Open-Air Pavilion | Wood - Diverse Examples
195
PAVILION DIVERSE
| teaching | structures | structural integration
The water caught by the roof flows to the south east where the the beam action in the ribs reaches it’s crux.
.01
.02
bending moment.
architecture :: ordering earth, ground and sky
The south wall becomes more angled allowing for a self shadedfrequency of fenestration.
.03The shaded space provided by the pavilion accepted a seating program that reciprocates the frequency of the windows and south wall angle.
.01.02
.03
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south elevation with fenestration interval 1/8” = 1’0”
architectural plan includingnorth and south vistas and water flow 1/8” = 1’0”
.01The depth of the ribs are in response to the pitch of the cantilever which spans to the north. .02 The joisting interval accounts for the shallow 4”
depth that each joist is set into the ribs. .03The depth of the ribs allowed for a substantialsubtraction of material offering an opportunityfor and architectural program.
joisting interval:: refer to east and west sections onpage 3
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ribs:: primary structural elementresolves bending moment with depth
