Luciano Bononi and Riccardo Bottura, University of Bologna, Italy

(joint work with: UNIBO team : L. Bedogni, A. Borghetti, M. Di Felice, A. D’Elia, T. Salmon Cinotti, and

SIEMENS team: M. Duckheim, J. Reinsche, R. Mock CRF team: L. Andreone, E. Mottola, S. Cerchio

Integration of traffic and grid simulator for the analysis of eMobility impact on power

distribution networks

“ecoCity eMotion” 24-25th September 2014, Erlangen, Germany

European Conference on Nanoelectronics and Embedded Systems for Electric Mobility

Presentation Outline

Introduction

Motivation and aim of this research

Context: enhancement and exploitation of IoE-SC6 results

within an EIT ICT Labs activity (14053)

Summary: illustration of new Co-Simulation Framework Simulator of electric mobility in realistic traffic conditions (OMNet++,

SUMO, Veins)

detailed customizable models of EV, EVSE and their parameters

detailed customizable models of urban scenarios (OpenStreetMap)

dynamic simulator of the power distribution network (EMTP-rv)

Detailed customizable models of power distribution networks

Integration component via Smart-M3 based interoperability and co-

simulation controller

Enabling potential: enhanced systems- and service-deployment

analysis of eMobility impact on power distribution networks

Results preliminary analysis results in proof of concept scenario

Motivation and aim of this research:

What: development of a co-simulation platform that integrates a mobility

simulator of the electric vehicles and their charging requests with a

dynamic simulator of the power distribution network.

Where: exploitation of IoE – SC6 results (simulation framework for

Electric Vehicles Operations and Services) within an EIT ICT Labs

activity (14053- task A1401 Open Source Booster – Enhancement of

open EV fleet simulation framework)

Why: system-level and service-level planning & pre-deployment analysis

to assess the effects of the transients caused by the dynamic and

concurrent charging processes of a large number of electric vehicles

to the operating conditions of the power network.

developing and analyzing specific countermeasures against voltage

variations, unbalances and overload of power components as well as

at verifying their performances.

Who:

Overall Framework

Impact analysis and Planning

Integration

Platform

(Interoperability)

Mobility model: EV, EVSE

(Traffic, Routes, Paths, Policies,

Control, User, Energy, Altimetry,

Resources, Maps, etc.)

Power Distribution Network

model (many customizable and

parameterized components)

EMTP-rv OMNet++, SUMO, Veins, OpenStreetMap

Overall Framework

Integration

Platform

(Interoperability)

EMTP-rv OMNet++, SUMO, Veins, OpenStreetMap

Now we focus here

SIB

Scheme for the INTERFACE between the model of urban traffic and the power distribution system simulator

Model of the electric power distribution system

Initial power flow

Transient 3ph simulation (Δt=1ms)

Model of nodal aggregated (1ph and 3ph) EV charging

systems

Check of network constrains by using IEDs

information

Networked control EV charging systems

Model of the communication network

Model of the urban traffic

Initial occupation of EV charging systems

Traffic simulation (Δt=100ms)

Start and end of charging of individual EV at a specific

charging station

Update of charging profile and duration due to electric

network limitations

ID of active EV charging systems and power

ID of active EV charging systems and maximum

power profile

Limitation of the power for each specific active/idle

EV charging system

*IED: Intelligent Electronic

Devices

*SIB: Storage Information

Broker

SYNCHRONIZATION between the model of urban traffic and the power distribution system simulator

EMTP-rv

External SW 1

OMNET++ & SUMO

SIB (Storage

Information) +

WS synchronizer

Reservation event

EVSE plug Load change

Network operating condition

EVSE charging

EVSE profile EVSE profile

EVSE unplug load change

External SW 2 External SW n … e.g.: OPNET, CityService, Smartphone App, …

*EVSE: electric vehicles supply equipment

Linux MSWindows Linux

Socket Socket

Overall Framework

Integration

Platform

(Interoperability)

EMTP-rv OMNet++, SUMO, Veins, OpenStreetMap

Mobility simulator: OMNET++ - SUMO - Veins - Openstreetmap

Simulator for analysis of traffic including EV

and EVSE entities in realistic scenarios

(including support for ext. services and

apps).

Based on Omnet++, SUMO, Veins

and Openstreetmap

Accurate modeling of city scenarios

and multiple eMobility entities

Modeling and control of traffic

(realistic data vs. model assumptions)

Modeling EV and EVSE parameters,

their distribution, use and location

Integrated with Storage Information

Broker (SIB)-based service platform

for integration support of external

apps and services

Overall Framework

Integration

Platform

(Interoperability)

EMTP-rv OMNet++, SUMO, Veins, OpenStreetMap

Model of the Power Distribution System – SB

SB: MV/LV Substation equipped with a 15 kV/ 400 V transformer

every that feeds the LV distribution lines.

In the simulations

we have assumed 5

EVSEs at each

location.

Current locations of

EVSEs in Bologna

A new EV is generated

every 10 s

SB 1

SB 2 SB 3

SB 4

SB 5

SB 6

Model of the power Distribution System

Configuration of the MV

network adopted in the

simulation with the

indication of the buses

where the MV/LV

substations that feds the

EVSEs are assumed to be

connected.

SB 1

SB 2

SB 3

SB 4

SB 5

SB 6

| Bus or load center

--- Tie switch

*Ching-Tzong Su, Chung-Fu Chang, Ji-Pyng Chiou. Distribution network reconfiguration for loss

reduction by ant colony search algorithm. Electric Power Systems Research 75 (2005) 190–199

SB1

SB2

SB3

SB4

SB5

SB6

Electromagnetic Transient Program: EMTP-rv

Aggregate of EVSEs for each MV/LV substation

Simulation SW for the analysis of the dynamic

behaviour of power distribution feeders:

Time driven

Model of the three-phase unbalanced lines

Three-phase HV/MV substation transformer

model equipped with a on-load tap changer (OLTC).

Model of the aggregated unbalanced loads

(constant impedance / current / power) that

includes the EVSE profiles: the amplitude of a triplet of current sources is controlled by a

feed-back regulator in order to inject or

absorb the requested value per-phase of

active and reactive power.

Aggregate of EVSEs for each MV/LV substation

Current generators for each phases which controls the active and reactive power level:

PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3

P

Q

Overall Framework

Integration

Platform

(Interoperability)

EMTP-rv OMNet++, SUMO, Veins, OpenStreetMap

Preliminary Results about impact of eMobility on PDN

Preliminary results

Proof of Concept: implemented a very simple policy: every

EVSE can recharge the vehicles with a power of:

90kW if the voltage at the SB connection is greater than a

predefined minimum voltage limit equal to 0.94 pu

if the voltage at the SB connection is lower than 0.94 pu,

then the charging power is reduced to 50kW until the

voltage becomes greater than 0.95 pu.

Further work will be the development of other and more

articulated countermeasures against voltage variations,

unbalances, overloads of active power and analysis of the

effects of the control of reactive power too. Also possible to

model more complex and articulated behaviors (via OCPP

emulation and other).

Preliminary results (example) Initial condition:

24 EVSEs connected

Conclusions

Realization and demonstration of co-simulation framework

integration for SoA Power Distribution Network and Mobility Simulators

Proof of concept of analysis potential of variabile and dynamic EV mobility impact on power distribution network under variable

system policies’ and their tuning realized in realistic scenario

assumptions

Future work will include model extensions and exploitation

directions, impact analysis of target scenarios, what-if analysis,

new policies’ design

Analysis of the effect of the communication network

voltage variations,

unbalances,

overloads of active power

analysis of the effects of the control of reactive power too.

References

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