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Integrative co-housing projects for social inclusion in Hungary
Zsófia Glatz
NHR Colloquium Workshop: Economic and social approaches to housing public policyENHR 2015 Lisbon
1 Introduction1.1 State of Art1.2 Goals1.3 Definitions1.4 Hypothesis1.5 Research questions
2 Methodology and data
3 Current Situation - Hungary3.1 Economy3.2 Demography3.3 Housing3.4 Social Service System
4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion4.1 Indicators4.2 Community-based initiatives
5 Bottom-up movements and co-housing5.1 Co-housing in Europe5.2 Integrative co-housing in Europe5.3 Bottom-up movements in Hungary5.4 Co-housing in Hungary
6 Discussion
7 Conclusion
1 Introduction 2 Methodology and data 3 Current Situation - Hungary 4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion 5 Bottom-up movements / co-housing 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion
1 Introduction 2 Methodology and data 3 Current Situation - Hungary 4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion 5 Bottom-up movements / co-housing 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion
DLADoctor of Liberal ArtsBudapest, Hungary
ownership vs. rentingHungary
housing problems lower strata
social estrangement
participative design
right for housing
horizontal socialconnections
social responsibility
1 Introduction 2 Methodology and data 3 Current Situation - Hungary 4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion 5 Bottom-up movements / co-housing 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion
MASMaster of Advanced Studies
Zürich, Switzerland
community-based housing formsshared economy
new financial models
co-housing
conscious social support
direct democracy"laboratory"
1 Introduction 2 Methodology and data 3 Current Situation - Hungary 4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion 5 Bottom-up movements / co-housing 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion
State of Art - Hungary
social estrangement
out-dated housing typologies
ageing society
85% private property vs rental
Problem
risk of homelessness
Social Service System
Existing Solutions
over-caring hosuing model
design for severe problems
no medial solution
Social housing -dependent from state
Potential Solution
independent from state support
OPTIMAL Solution
community-based
proper living conditions
1 Introduction 2 Methodology and data 3 Current Situation - Hungary 4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion 5 Bottom-up movements / co-housing 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion
Purpose of the researchIntroduce the idea of co-housing in HungaryPoint out the main indicators of social exclusionPoint out the alternative, community-based housing solutionsFind the special characteristics of integrative co-housing projectsFind an alternative model which can be implemented in Hungary
NOW
FUTURE
Definition of relevant phrasesBOOOORING.....
HypothesisIntegrative co-housing projects can be a potential tool for social inclusion in Hungary -supplementing the existing social service system with bottom-up co-housing models andsocial cooperation.
Research questionsHow can co-housing projects serve as a potential tool for social inclusion in Hungary?Do integrative co-housing projects have a ground to be established in Hungary?What are the main indicators of social exclusion / inclusion? Where is housing in this process?What are the main characteristics of the integrative co-housing projects?What are the main steps of promoting co-housing in Hungary?
1 Introduction 2 Methodology and data 3 Current Situation - Hungary 4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion 5 Bottom-up movements / co-housing 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion
Methodology and dataqualitativeliterature basedstatisticsstudy analyseshistorical researchinterviews
Research books (Bence Komlósi, 2015)
1 Introduction 2 Methodology and data 3 Current Situation - Hungary 4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion 5 Bottom-up movements / co-housing 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion
Current situation - HungaryEconomyslow recovery after the crisiskey vulnerability - high foreign currencyindebtednessindebtedness is a common phenomena - ownership-culture - high housing prices - distrust towards rental dwellings
2008: 1 CHF = 150 HUF2009: 1 CHF = 180 HUF2010: 1 CHF = 200 HUF2011: 1 CHF = 220 HUF2012: 1 CHF = 240 HUF2013: 1 CHF = 240 HUF2014: 1 CHF = 250 HUF...2015: 1 CHF = 300 HUF
thousands had to sell or leave their homes
State SolutionSocial housing project - Ócsareachable for 350 residents
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
CHF and HUF exchange rate 2008-2014 (Béla Szabadi, 2014)
1 Introduction 2 Methodology and data 3 Current Situation - Hungary 4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion 5 Bottom-up movements / co-housing 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion
Current situation - HungaryDemographic changessimilar as in whole Europe - ageing societynew family models - single-parent and patchwork families
old-fashioned neighbourhood relationships are vanishing
risk of poverty and isolation- elderly people and single parents- women- people with activity limitations- children
Risk of poverty or social exclusion rate (Eurostat, 2013)
1 Introduction 2 Methodology and data 3 Current Situation - Hungary 4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion 5 Bottom-up movements / co-housing 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion
Current situation - HungaryHousing conditionsbiggest influence of the crisisbuilding permits for residential housing dropped
housing typologies based on average needsno solution for special needs
housing market - profit oriented, prefers mass production
ownership-culturehigh housing pricesdistrust towards rental dwellingsthousands had to sell or leave their homesSocial housing project - Ócsareachable for 350 residents
Social housing Ócsa (Ócsa, 2015)
1 Introduction 2 Methodology and data 3 Current Situation - Hungary 4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion 5 Bottom-up movements / co-housing 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion
Current situation - HungarySocial Service System
Housing solutions designed for severe problems - residential homes - homeless shelters - care houses
no medial solution for "moderate" needs:"For those who were living according to the social norms but lost their homes or for lonely,isolated people this model does not give a chance to reintegrate or to avoid segregation."
biggest drawback of the system: it does not spur one to step out of itmost important step of social inclusion: prevent getting into the service system
For long-term and sustainable social inclusion:
independent from state supportcommunity-based
proper living conditions
long-term and non-segregated housing model is needed
1 Introduction 2 Methodology and data 3 Current Situation - Hungary 4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion 5 Bottom-up movements / co-housing 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion
Social exclusion / Social inclusionThe main indicators
The main factors leading to social exclusion: - being at-risk-of-poverty - facing severe material deprivation - living in a household with very low work intensity
The case of Hungary in numbers - being at-risk-of-poverty - 32.4 % - facing severe material deprivation - 22.0 % - household with very low work intensity - 12.0 %
Indicators of at-risk-of-poverty (Eurostat, 2015)
1 Introduction 2 Methodology and data 3 Current Situation - Hungary 4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion 5 Bottom-up movements / co-housing 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion
Social exclusion / Social inclusionCommunity-based initiatives to support social inclusion
Institutions- segregate- process people in groups and discourage individuality- work on a hierarchic structure- have scheduled activities like eating and impose mass treatment
Community-based or deinstitutionalized initiatives- help marginalized people in social inclusion- help people in risk to avoid social exclusion- are based on the power of the community- participation in the life of the community- offer flexible and personal assistance if needed- diverse target group
Find shelter by families (20 Minuten, 2015)
1 Introduction 2 Methodology and data 3 Current Situation - Hungary 4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion 5 Bottom-up movements / co-housing 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion
Bottom-up movements and co-housing in Europe and in HungaryCo-housing in Europe
more than a hundred years of tradition in Western-Europebottom-up initiatedself-manageddirect democratic structureinitiated by the future residentsgive answers to real housing needsnon-profitaffordableindependent from political decisions
co-housing countries: eg. Switzerland, Austria or DenmarkMain motifs:cultural- and socio-political dissatisfactionseeking possibilities for affordable and self-managed housingdemographic changes
Communal meal at Drejerbanken, Denmark (Drejerbanken, 2015)
1 Introduction 2 Methodology and data 3 Current Situation - Hungary 4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion 5 Bottom-up movements / co-housing 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion
Bottom-up movements and co-housing in Europe and in HungaryIntegrative co-housing in Europe
Co-housing developments always function along common goals.Goals can be:sharing housekeeping tasks and joystaking social responsibilitysupporting the integration of people in risk of social exclusionConscious support of social integration:Solidarity fund: tenants pay an extra percentage of the rental fee - Karthago, SwitzerlandReserve flats for families in need - Sargfabrik, AustriaSpecial target groups:50+womensingle-parent familiesThe more diverse the community of a co-housing is,the better it functions./old-fashioned neighbourhood relationships/
Karthago, Zürich (Karthago, 2015)
1 Introduction 2 Methodology and data 3 Current Situation - Hungary 4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion 5 Bottom-up movements / co-housing 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion
Bottom-up movements and co-housing in Europe and in HungaryBottom-up movements in Hungary
barely 25-year-old democratic traditionbottom-up movement is a young phenomenonbeen repressed during the socialist regimenew generation
Critical MassCommunity GardensCo-working...
I BIKE BP (Critical Mass Hungary, 2015)
1 Introduction 2 Methodology and data 3 Current Situation - Hungary 4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion 5 Bottom-up movements / co-housing 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion
Bottom-up movements and co-housing in Europe and in HungaryCo-housing in Hungary
only bottom-up initiated collective housing in Miskolc 1979 - 1989privatisation caused its end
1989-1990 Hungary became a democratic countrydistrust towards social policies (housing)top-down forced cooperatives
How to make people trust and believe in co-housing?PROMOTION + INFORMATION
‘Community Living’ initiative was started in 2012introduce co-housing in Hungarytailor-made informationpersonal guidance
first initiators ‘Rákóczi Kollektíva’
Community Living (Community Living, 2015)
1 Introduction 2 Methodology and data 3 Current Situation - Hungary 4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion 5 Bottom-up movements / co-housing 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion
DiscussionHungaryslow recovery after the crisisnumerous social and housing problemshigh percentage in risk of social exclusion
social housing possibilities are limiteddrawbacks of institutionalisation“The purpose of housing is therefore to allow us to take the responsibility to live our livesaccording to the choices we have made to meet our legitimate interest." (King, 2006)
Optimal housing modelindependent from state supportcommunity-basedproper living conditions
Co-housing projects as possible solution in Western-EuropeHow to implement the phenomenon in Hungary?PROMOTION + INFORMATIONCo-housing movements will have place in Hungary.
HypothesisIntegrative co-housing projects can be a potential tool for social inclusion in Hungary -supplementing the existing social service system with bottom-up co-housing models andsocial cooperation.
1 Introduction 2 Methodology and data 3 Current Situation - Hungary 4 Social exclusion / Social inclusion 5 Bottom-up movements / co-housing 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion
Conclusion
The main contribution of my paper is that realising the power of community and theimportance of prevention in the topic of social exclusion is crucial. After analysing thediscussed examples and data, one could say that a possible solution for sustainable andeffective social inclusion is given. Integrative co-housing projects may play an important rolein the fight against social exclusion. Keeping people in community, avoidinginstitutionalisation and encouraging them to participate in everyday tasks may be the key toprevention.
Thank you for your attention!