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Comparison of East & West
• Empirical Observations over Thousands of Years
• Scientific Method & Case-Based Medicine
EasEastt
WestWest
• Art of MedicineArt of Medicine• Holistic View• Circular Logic• Energetic
• Technology of Technology of MedicineMedicine
• Molecular & Organ View
• Linear Logic• Mechanistic
Science versus Art
• Over the last 10 years, there has been no change in mean life expectancy in human beings, dog or cats
• There is an increase in incidence of inflammatory diseases and cancer over our ability to detect the conditions
What’s Been Happening?
• CAVM Guideline were re-written in a less than supportive manner
• Medicine has begun to look at itself with greater scrutiny
New findings
• The basic dietary recommendations for human beings have been found lacking
• Atkin’s low-carbohydrate diet is vindicated
Obese Nation
• Recent study showed that being obese is more likely to cause a heart attack than smoking cigarettes
• We are fat!!!
New Findings
• Study (sham-controlled) showed that surgery on human knees created more damage than corrected, unless there was clear ligament damage
New Findings
• Major multi-center study showed that estrogen replacement put more women at risk for heart disease than it helped at menopause
Basic Tenets of AP
• Based upon the AP point selected
• Based upon the method of stimulation– Dry needles– Electrical AP– Aquapuncture– Hemoacupunctur
e
• Based upon the length of stimulation
• Low-rate, twisting stimulation of GV26 leads to endorphin response, while high-frequency needling of GV26 leads to epinephrine response
Effects of Acupuncture
• Using manganese-enhanced fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), visual effects can be seen in human and animal neural tissues
BaselineBaseline MannitoMannitoll
Mn InfusionMn Infusion EA GB34EA GB34
Effects of Acupuncture
• Activation of cortex is site specific
• Leads initially to specific effects
GB34GB34 ST36ST36
Effects of Acupuncture
• Activation has temporal effects
• Longer stimulation activates more cortical structures
• Leads to broader effects
5 minutes5 minutes 20 minutes20 minutes
Effects of Acupuncture
• In separate study, analgesic AP points were compared to non-analgesic points– Analgesic AP altered
brain regions involved in pain modulation
• PAG, MnR, hypothalamus, thalamus
– Non-Analgesic AP did not activate same areas
Method of Stimulation
• Stimulation of BL-20 (the SP association point) in horses led to analgesia using dry needles or electrical AP.
• Only EA increased release of endrophins into the blood.
Medication Timing & TCM 24-hour Clock
GB 11- 1AM
TH 9- 11 PM
PC 7- 9 PM
KID 5- 7 PM
BL 3- 5 PM SI 1- 3 PM
HT 11- 1 PM
SP 9- 11 AM
ST 7- 9 AM
LI 5- 7 AM
LU 3- 5 AMLIV 1- 3 AM
What is Non-Traditional Medicine?
• Any form of medicine not taught in veterinary school
• Medicine out of the mainstream
Why Alternative Medicine?
• People are asking for it for themselves and for their pets
• Offers approaches which might work when traditional medicine fails
Use of Alternatives in Human Medicine
• Most patients are usually women who are between 35-49 years of age, affluent and well educated
• Results in around $278 billion in annual sales
Use of Alternatives in Human Medicine
• 629 million visits to alternative medicine practitioners in 1997
• Exceeds the number of visits to primary care physicians
What is Integrative Medicine?
• Term coined in Human Medicine for utilizing both traditional and non-traditional modes of therapy
• Similar to Holistic Veterinary Medicine
Integrative Medicine
• Uses a bigger medicine bag
• Includes all of traditional medicine and all of alternative medicine
• Adds everything that will benefit the patient
Integrative Medicine
• Treatment of MIND, BODY & SPIRIT
• Offers medical choices where choices exist
Integrative Medicine
• Base your medical decisions on:– what is best for the patient– the client’s wishes– your abilities– your confidence and experience in
treating other cases
• Still starts with a strong basic understanding of traditional medicine
Integrative Medicine
• Enter a partnership with client to help maintain animal’s optimal health
• Pay attention to:– Exercise– Diet– Supplement– Vaccinations
Exercise
• Need 20 minutes of constant aerobic exercise 2 times a week and 1 hour (at slower pace) once a week– Walking– Swimming
• Alternate days of hard and soft work-outs
Diet
• Let food be your medicine and medicine be your food
– Hippocrates
• Many of today’s chronic diseases can be traced to diet
• No commercial dog or cat food is as nutritious as fresh, home-prepared food
• Dogs & cats have no carbohydrate requirement
Basic Canine Diet #1
8 oz Catfish8 oz Catfish 8 oz Tofu8 oz Tofu 2 tbs Virgin Olive 2 tbs Virgin Olive
OilOil 2 Whole Carrots2 Whole Carrots ½ cup Spinach½ cup Spinach ¼ cup Green ¼ cup Green
PepperPepper
½ cup Broccoli½ cup Broccoli ¼ tsp Dry Ginger¼ tsp Dry Ginger 1 Raw Garlic 1 Raw Garlic
ClovesCloves ¼ tsp Dry Mustard¼ tsp Dry Mustard 2½ tab Flintstones 2½ tab Flintstones
plus Calciumplus Calcium
Contains 1355 Calories with a Contains 1355 Calories with a 27/13/60 percent 27/13/60 percent protein/carbohydrate/fat contentprotein/carbohydrate/fat content
Basic Canine Diet #2
4 Strips Bacon4 Strips Bacon 4 Large Eggs 4 Large Eggs 8 oz Tofu8 oz Tofu 1 tbs Virgin Olive 1 tbs Virgin Olive
OilOil 1 Whole Carrots1 Whole Carrots ½ cup Spinach½ cup Spinach ¼ cup Green ¼ cup Green
PepperPepper
½ cup Broccoli½ cup Broccoli ¼ tsp Dry Ginger¼ tsp Dry Ginger 1 Raw Garlic 1 Raw Garlic
ClovesCloves ¼ tsp Dry Mustard¼ tsp Dry Mustard 1 tab Flintstones 1 tab Flintstones
plus Calciumplus Calcium
Contains 1370 Calories with a Contains 1370 Calories with a 23/12/65 percent 23/12/65 percent protein/carbohydrate/fat contentprotein/carbohydrate/fat content
Basic Canine Diet #3
1 oz Beef Tallow1 oz Beef Tallow 4 Large Eggs 4 Large Eggs 8 oz Tofu8 oz Tofu 1 tbs Virgin Olive 1 tbs Virgin Olive
OilOil 1 Whole Carrots1 Whole Carrots ½ cup Spinach½ cup Spinach ¼ cup Green ¼ cup Green
PepperPepper
½ cup Broccoli½ cup Broccoli ¼ tsp Dry Ginger¼ tsp Dry Ginger 1 Raw Garlic 1 Raw Garlic
ClovesCloves ¼ tsp Dry Mustard¼ tsp Dry Mustard ½ tab Flintstones ½ tab Flintstones
plus Calciumplus Calcium
Contains 1479 Calories with a Contains 1479 Calories with a 20/11/69 percent 20/11/69 percent protein/carbohydrate/fat contentprotein/carbohydrate/fat content
Canine Diet for Athletes
• 2 oz Pork Chop • 4 oz Tofu• 8 oz Brown Rice• 2 tsp Virgin Olive
Oil• ¼ cup Honey• 2 Whole Carrots
• 1 cup Spinach• 4 Tbs Green
Pepper• 4 Broccoli Spears• ¼ tsp Dry Ginger• 1 Raw Garlic
Cloves• ¼ tsp Dry Mustard• 1 tsp Bone Meal
Basic Cat Food
3 oz Salmon3 oz Salmon 2 oz Chicken Heart2 oz Chicken Heart 4 oz Beef Kidney4 oz Beef Kidney 2 oz Turkey Breast2 oz Turkey Breast 2 oz Chicken Liver2 oz Chicken Liver 1 oz Sardines1 oz Sardines 1 tbs Virgin Olive 1 tbs Virgin Olive
OilOil ¼ cup Broccoli¼ cup Broccoli
¼ cup Spinach¼ cup Spinach ½ tab Vitamin B ½ tab Vitamin B
complex complex (B-50)(B-50)
1 tab Vitamin C 1 tab Vitamin C (500 (500 mg)mg)
1½ tab One-a-Day 1½ tab One-a-Day plus Calciumplus Calcium
400 IU Vitamin E400 IU Vitamin E 250 mg Taurine250 mg Taurine
Contains 737 Calories with a 45/4/51 Contains 737 Calories with a 45/4/51 percent protein/carbohydrate/fat percent protein/carbohydrate/fat contentcontent
Vaccinations
• Vaccinations should be based upon scientific verification of efficacy, not upon the manufacturers recommendation (unless based upon such science)
• Give only vaccinations that are truly necessary
• Give them based upon titers
• Support research
NIH Classification of Alternative Therapies
• Mind-Body Interventions• Bioelectromagnetics• Alternative Systems of Medical
Practice• Manual Healing Methods• Alternative Pharmaceutics and
Biologics• Herbal Medicine
NIH Classification of Alternative Therapies
• Mind-Body Interventions• Bioelectromagnetics• Alternative Systems of Medical
Practice• Manual Healing Methods• Alternative Pharmaceutics and
Biologics• Herbal Medicine
Mind-Body Interventions
• Meditation• Biofeedback• Hypnosis• Mental Healing
(Distant Intentionality)
Distant Intentionality
• Prayer reduces ICU stay and complications from other diseases
• Our intention may affect the outcome of our treatment
NIH Classification of Alternative Therapies
• Mind-Body Interventions• Bioelectromagnetics• Alternative Systems of Medical
Practice• Manual Healing Methods• Alternative Pharmaceutics and
Biologics• Herbal Medicine
Bioelectromagnetics
• Effects of nonthermal, nonionizing radiation on the body
• Bone repair, nerve regeneration, wound healing and immune stimulation
Static Magnet Therapy
• As old as the earth• Egyptian scrolls
(circa 2800 BC) contained references to loadstones– Cleopatra used them
on her forehead to prevent aging
• Hindus used magnets 1000s of years BC
N
S
Static Magnet Therapy
• Magnetism is defined as the alignment of a permeable material so that the molecules face in a uniform direction (i.e., north facing one direction and south facing the opposite).
Bar Magnet (unipolar)
Static Magnet Therapy
• North Pole– alkaline ( pH)– suppresses
mitosis– (–) energy pole bacteria &
viruses– stops bleeding– shrinks tumors bone healing inflammation
• South Pole– acid ( pH)– stimulates
mitosis– (+) energy pole bacteria &
viruses– vasodilation tumor growth bone healing inflammation
NIH Classification of Alternative Therapies
• Mind-Body Interventions• Bioelectromagnetics• Alternative Systems of Medical
Practice• Manual Healing Methods• Alternative Pharmaceutics and
Biologics• Herbal Medicine
Alternative Systems of Medical Practice
• Traditional Chinese Medicine
• Ayurvedic Medicine
• Homeopathy• Naturopathy
Homeopathy
• 200 years old• Sam Hahnemann • “Like treats Like”• Dilute, potentized
remedies• One remedy has
recently been FDA approved to treat certain forms of Asthma
NIH Classification of Alternative Therapies
• Mind-Body Interventions• Bioelectromagnetics• Alternative Systems of Medical
Practice• Manual Healing Methods• Alternative Pharmaceutics and
Biologics• Herbal Medicine
Healing Touch
• Hippocrates called magnetism “the force that flows from many people’s hands”
• Galen stated, “a sick body can gain strength from the unbroken contact with a healthy body”
NIH Classification of Alternative Therapies
• Mind-Body Interventions• Bioelectromagnetics• Alternative Systems of Medical
Practice• Manual Healing Methods• Alternative Pharmaceutics and
Biologics• Herbal Medicine
Alternative Pharmaceutics and Biologics
• Medicines and Vaccines which are not yet Mainstream– Bee venom
therapy– Plant extracts
(mistletoe, Venus fly trap, etc.
– Orthomolecular medicine
Orthomolecular Medicine
• The preservation of health and prevention of disease through the provision of the optimum molecular constituents of the body
Basic Principles of OM
• Nutrition First• Biochemical
Individuality• Drugs can be
Toxic• Inescapability of
Pollution• Hope reigns
Supreme
OM Therapy
• Prescribed in quantities sufficient to prevent, treat or control certain diseases.
• Includes– Antioxidants– Membrane Stabilizers– Cofactors
Antioxidants
• Vitamin E• Vitamin C• Selenium• Beta Carotene (Vitamin
A)• Superoxide dismutase• Glutathione peroxidase• Acetylcysteine• L-methionine
Membrane Stabilizers
• Omega-3 fatty acids
• Gamma-linolenic acid
• Coenzyme Q-10• L-carnitine• L-taurine
Cofactors
• B Vitamins– niacin– folic acid– thiamin– cyanocobalamin
• Trace Minerals– zinc– iron– copper– cobalt
Vitamin E
• antioxidant against lipid peroxides
• also a membrane stabilizer
• boosts immune defenses
• can affect primary hemostasis
• therapeutic dose is around 20-50 IU/kg
Vitamin C
• regenerates vitamin E
• stimulates synthetic enzymes (for repair)
• antioxidant against nitrosamines and many free radicals
• can cause flatulence and diarrhea
• 4-8 mg/kg or to gastric tolerance level
Basic Antioxidants
• Vitamin E 10 IU/lb daily
• Vitamin C 5-10 mg/lb twice a day
• Selenium 2 µg/lb daily
• Beta carotene 250 IU/lb daily
• Vitamin E 100-400 IU daily
• Vitamin C 100-250 mg twice a day
• Selenium 50 µg daily
• Vitamin A 1000-5000 IU daily
DogsDogs CatsCats
NIH Classification of Alternative Therapies
• Mind-Body Interventions• Bioelectromagnetics• Alternative Systems of Medical
Practice• Manual Healing Methods• Alternative Pharmaceutics and
Biologics• Herbal Medicine
Western Herbal Medicine
• 3000 BC (Bronze Age)– Sumerians used laurel, caraway and
thyme
• 2700 BC– Oldest herbal book- -China
• 300 BC– Hippocrates taught that health could
be maintained using a few simples herbs, with rest and with proper diet
Western Herbal MedicineRegulatory Status
• Drugs– must meet strict requirements
• ingredients must be identified•safety must be demonstrated•effectiveness must be shown
– regulated by the FDA
Western Herbal MedicineRegulatory Status
• Herbs– harder to meet drug requirements
• ingredients may not all be known• safety may not be established• efficacy may not be shown
– sold as dietary supplements under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994- - ONLY AFFECTS HUMANS
– must be proven unsafe by the FDA
FDA Regulation of Animal Supplement
• FDA regulates all animal supplements
• Any that is not a food additive (in quantities established by NRC & AAFCO) are considered drugs
• Prescribing supplements is considered “extra-label” drug usage
• FDA primarily prosecutes cases of adulteration (having wrong ingredients or improper claims)
GingerZingiber officinale
• Common Uses– nausea & vomiting– stomach problems– anti-inflammatory– appetite stimulant
• Dosage– morning sickness
• 250 mg 4 times a day
– rheumatoid arthritis• 0.1-1 gm dry or 5 gm fresh
Ginkgo biloba
• Common Uses• improve memory and concentration
• Cognitive benefits•can stabilize or improve cognitive
function and social behavior in Alzheimer’s disease
• improves cerebral blood flow
• Dosage•2-4 mg/kg (dog & cat)•350 mg/kg was non-toxic to rats
HawthornCrataegus oxyacantha
• Common Uses– heart tonic
• lower blood pressure• reduce incidence of chest pain• treat tachycardia or arrhythmias•control atherosclerosis
• Effectiveness– increases coronary circulation 20-
140% after 1 mg of dry extract
Hawthorn
• Actions– inhibits vasoconstriction and dilates
blood vessels– proanthocyanidins (bioflavonoid)
inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme– antiarrhythimic– inotropic effect
• Dosage– 1-2 mg/kg 2-3 times a day
Integrative Medicine
• Base your medical decisions on:– what is best for the patient– the client’s wishes– your abilities– your confidence and experience in
treating other cases• Still starts with a strong basic
understanding of traditional medicine