INTEK
INTEK
Developing Greener Approaches for Oil Shale Development
Peter M. Crawford
Senior Manager
INTEK, Inc.
Presented to:
29th Oil Shale SymposiumColorado School of Mines and
Colorado Energy Research Institute
Golden, CO
October 2009
INTEK
U.S. Oil Shale Offers Promise U.S. Oil Shale Offers Promise ……
Total Resource
6 Trillion Barrels
High Quality Resource*
2 Trillion Barrels
Technical Recovery
1.2 Trillion Barrels
EstimatedReserves**
600 – 800
Billion Bbls
Notes:
* In deposits with a yield of
25 gallons/ton or higher
** Estimates based on the
DOE/NPOSR Model
@ $50 – $65 / Bbl
INTEK
Potential Shale Oil Production Potential Shale Oil Production (MM BOE/D)(MM BOE/D)
Base
Tax Incentives
RD&D
Accelerated Scenario
Measured Scenario
Business-as-Usual
Task Force on Strategic Unconventional Fuels, 2007.
INTEK
But Faces Technical, Social, and But Faces Technical, Social, and
Environmental ChallengesEnvironmental Challenges
Air QualityAir Quality
2.5 MMBbl/d
52 Square Miles
Total Area
17,000
Square
Miles
2.5 MMBbl/d
52 Square Miles
Total Area
17,000
Square
Miles
Oil Shale Processing
HC
Gas CO2 SO2 NOx
Capture for:
�CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery
�Sequestration
�Other Industrial Uses
�Capture and Clean
using Existing Technology
�Capture for
Process Plant Use
Land DisturbanceLand DisturbanceWater Use and QualityWater Use and Quality
Infrastructure ?Infrastructure ?
SocioSocio--Economic Impacts?Economic Impacts?
Efficiency ?Efficiency ?
INTEK
Oil Shale
R&D
Oil Shale R&D Key PlayersOil Shale R&D Key Players
GOVERNMENT•Dept. of Energy•Dept. of the Interior•Dept. of Defense
RESEARCHCOMMUNITY•Universities•National Labs•Geologic Surveys
INDUSTRY•Energy Co’s•Tech Developers•Entrepreneurs
INTEK
NPOSR Oil Shale ProfilesNPOSR Oil Shale Profiles
Profiled 27 companies (6/07)Profiled 27 companies (6/07)
Updated to 31 (7/08) Updated to 31 (7/08)
3rd Edition (9/09)3rd Edition (9/09)
–– 35 Companies35 Companies
–– Focus on Environmental GoalsFocus on Environmental Goals
Get CD from DOE Booth or Get CD from DOE Booth or
Download at:Download at:
http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/reserves/npr/NPR_Oil_Shale_Program.html
Or
www.unconventionalfuels.org
INTEK
30 Companies Active in the U.S.30 Companies Active in the U.S.
Imperial Petroleum
Recovery Corporation J. W. Bunger and
Associates, Inc.
Mountain West Energy
Syntec Energy,
LLC
Great Western Energy, LLC
Western Energy Partners, LLC
C R Combustion
Resources
C R Combustion
Resources
Composite Technology
Development, Inc.
Composite Technology
Development, Inc.
Heliosat, Inc.
INTEK
Technology GoalsTechnology Goals
Process performance Process performance
/ reliability/ reliability
Greater recovery Greater recovery
efficiency (% of FA)efficiency (% of FA)
Energy efficient / selfEnergy efficient / self--
sufficient sufficient
Low emissions of Low emissions of
criteria pollutantscriteria pollutants
Low carbon emission Low carbon emission
/ effective mgmt / effective mgmt
Low net water useLow net water use
Groundwater Groundwater
protection protection
Low surface impacts Low surface impacts
Spent shale Spent shale
managementmanagement
INTEK
Examples of New Technologies Examples of New Technologies
that Address Challengesthat Address Challenges
New energy sourcesNew energy sources
–– Solar, wind, waste heatSolar, wind, waste heat
Indirect heatingIndirect heating
Direct currentDirect current
RF / Microwave RF / Microwave
InIn--situ gasificationsitu gasification
Underground heatersUnderground heaters
FluidizedFluidized--bed heatingbed heating
Pyrolysis in hydrogen Pyrolysis in hydrogen
atmosphereatmosphere
Water recycling / reWater recycling / re--useuse
Alternative water sourcesAlternative water sources
Freeze wall and Freeze wall and
impermeable barriersimpermeable barriers
Environmental Advances Environmental Advances
in in InIn--Situ ApproachesSitu Approaches
INTEK
ShellShell’’s ICPs ICP
Downhole electric heatersDownhole electric heaters
Demonstrated in CO pilotDemonstrated in CO pilot
Recovered 1,700 Bbls (plus gas) Recovered 1,700 Bbls (plus gas) from a 30x40from a 30x40’’ test areatest area
May apply at 3 other CO sitesMay apply at 3 other CO sites
FreezewallFreezewall proposed to proposed to prevent groundwater prevent groundwater intrusion and protect intrusion and protect groundwater qualitygroundwater quality
Status:
●● Conducting Freeze Wall TestConducting Freeze Wall Test
INTEK
IEPMIEPM’’ss Geothermic Fuel CellGeothermic Fuel Cell
HighHigh--Temp Fuel Cell Temp Fuel Cell
–– Stack heaterStack heater
–– Residual char gasifiedResidual char gasified
–– Uniform heatingUniform heating
Low external energy:Low external energy:
–– Produced gas fuels cellProduced gas fuels cell
–– ~18:1 Energy Balance~18:1 Energy Balance
–– Plus 260 Plus 260 KwhKwh / Bbl / Bbl elecelec
Minimal EmissionsMinimal Emissions
Water selfWater self--sufficientsufficient
Low surface impactsLow surface impacts
No spent shaleNo spent shaleStatus:
●2008 Teaming Agreement w/ TOTAL
●Battelle / PNNL Design / Engineering: Aug 09
●GFC Fabrication / Testing / Demo to follow
INTEK
InIn--Situ Electric ConductionSitu Electric Conduction
Fractured with Fractured with conductive proppantconductive proppant
Using produced HC gas Using produced HC gas can reduce external can reduce external
power requirementpower requirement
Low process carbon Low process carbon emissions emissions
Net water producerNet water producer
Groundwater protected Groundwater protected
by geologic formations or by geologic formations or impermeable barrierimpermeable barrier
Status:
� Lab and modeling results encouraging
� Field tests initiated
� Plans to continue RD&D
ExxonMobil ElectroFracTM Process
INTEK
AMSO Closed Loop InAMSO Closed Loop In--SituSitu
Targets deep illite shale
Below cap rock
Protects shallow aquifer
Closed loop process
Indirect heating
Horizontal wells improve recovery efficiency
Fewer wells = less impact
HC gas fires heaters
Low net external energy
Status:
● Pilot Plant Test Expected in 2010
INTEK
GSI InGSI In--Situ Gasification Situ Gasification
SingleSingle--well processwell process–– SuperSuper--heated air gasifiesheated air gasifies–– Extracted gases condensedExtracted gases condensed
Mobile skids / low footprintMobile skids / low footprint
No process waterNo process water
Low groundwater riskLow groundwater riskAir emissions recycled / Air emissions recycled / recoveredrecoveredLow GHGLow GHG
No mining, tailings, wasteNo mining, tailings, waste
Viable to 3000Viable to 3000’’New CONew CO22 sinksink
Cracked Kerogen
Proposed Single Well Site
Heater
WellStorage
Condensers
Heated InPut Gases
Product Gases
Oil Shale
Status:
●R&D Pilot Construction – Fall 2009
●R&D Production – Spring 2010
●Commercial Prototype to follow
Environmental Advances Environmental Advances
in in Surface ApproachesSurface Approaches
INTEK
ChattanoogaChattanooga’’s PFBC w/ Fired s PFBC w/ Fired
Hydrogen HeaterHydrogen HeaterUse of hot hydrogen in reactorUse of hot hydrogen in reactor
–– Cuts COCuts CO22 generation in retortgeneration in retort
–– Enhances product qualityEnhances product quality
–– Reduces hydrotreatingReduces hydrotreating
Low external energy:Low external energy:
–– Waste heat recoveryWaste heat recovery
–– CogenerationCogeneration
–– HC gas useHC gas use
Very Low Very Low GHGsGHGs
–– HH--Reformer COReformer CO22 can be capturedcan be captured
Amine scrubber removes HAmine scrubber removes H22SS
–– 99.8% of Sulfur removed99.8% of Sulfur removed
Low water use / No water pollutionLow water use / No water pollution
Status: Preparing to design, construct & operate a demonstration facility.
INTEK
Combustion Resources CCombustion Resources C--SOSSOS
IndirectIndirect--Fired Rotary KilnFired Rotary Kiln
Hydrogen from Hydrogen from gasified coalgasified coal
COCO22 captured captured
No CONo CO22 from retortfrom retort
Low energy inputsLow energy inputs
–– HeatHeat--recovery / rerecovery / re--use for whole plantuse for whole plant
Low water useLow water use
–– 1 Bbl / Bbl est.1 Bbl / Bbl est.
Low costLow cost
Status:
●DOE SBIR Grant for Phase II Demo / Pilot Plant
●Prelim design for 6000 B/D Demo plant complete
Hybrid Approaches:Hybrid Approaches:
Integrating Alternative Energy SourcesIntegrating Alternative Energy Sources
to to
Reduce Lifecycle Carbon EmissionsReduce Lifecycle Carbon Emissions
INTEK
RedLeafRedLeaf EcoShale InEcoShale In--CapsuleCapsule
Capsule Capsule –– Contains heating zoneContains heating zone
–– Protects groundwaterProtects groundwater
–– Impounds shaleImpounds shale
Low external energyLow external energy–– Circulated hot air Circulated hot air
–– Heated by HC offHeated by HC off--gasesgases
–– HeatHeat--transfer / retransfer / re--useuse
Low COLow CO22 generationgeneration
Potential COPotential CO22 capturecapture
No process water useNo process water use
Rapid reclamationRapid reclamationStatus:Status:
●● 2008-9 Field-Scale Pilot Test complete
INTEK
PyroPhasePyroPhase WindWind--Clean Oil ShaleClean Oil ShaleWind Wind –– RF Hybrid RF Hybrid
Wind power stored Wind power stored as heat in sands or as heat in sands or shaleshale
Produces oil and gasProduces oil and gas
Ends combustion for Ends combustion for extraction energyextraction energy
Cuts oil COCuts oil CO22 by ~1/3by ~1/3
Stabilizes power gridStabilizes power grid
Accounts for Accounts for variability in windvariability in wind
Status:
●Eng. study for U.S. tar sands; then oil shale.
●Simulation to optimize geometry / predict flow
●Work plan for pilot, scale up, 10K B/d TS plant.
INTEK
MWE IVE w/ Solar ConcentratorMWE IVE w/ Solar Concentrator
Solar concentratorSolar concentrator
Gas heat carrierGas heat carrier
Hot gas injectedHot gas injected
Heats by convectionHeats by convection
Vaporized oil swept Vaporized oil swept to surface as gasto surface as gas
Zero GHG from Zero GHG from extractionextraction
Viable to 6,000Viable to 6,000’’ Status:
●Goal: >1 MM B/d OS, TS, or HO by 2018.
●Phase 1 RMOTC field test complete.
●Working with San Leon Energy to develop a 6,000 km2 Tarfaya oil shale lease in Morocco.
INTEK
HeliosatHeliosat: SBSP w/ RF Heating and : SBSP w/ RF Heating and
CF ExtractionCF Extraction
SpaceSpace--based based
solar energysolar energy
RadioRadio--
Frequency Frequency
HeatingHeating
Critical Fluids Critical Fluids
ExtractionExtraction
Near-Term
SSP Generated RF
Shale Oil Extraction
+ Complementary
CO2 Extraction
Near – Term SSP Generated RF Shale Oil
Extraction
+ Complementary CO2
Extraction
INTEK
INL Regional Hybrid Energy Systems & Carbon INL Regional Hybrid Energy Systems & Carbon
Management ApproachesManagement Approaches
Nuclear Island
-Present or future generation-Process heat and/or electricity
Renewable-Electric Integration
-Electrolysis or co-electrolysis driver-Additional electricity to grid
Hydrogen Generation Plant
-Upgrade of fossil and bio feedstocks-Catalytic feedstock for CTL
Liquid Fuels & Chemicals Plant
-Coal and biomass to liquids-Process chemicals
Carbon Feedstock
-Coal-Oil Sands, Oil Shale-Biomass
Hybrid energy systems can provide increased production efficiency and help mitigate environmental impacts
INTEK
ConclusionsConclusions
Industry continues to invest Industry continues to invest
Major efforts target or directly affect Major efforts target or directly affect
improved environmental performanceimproved environmental performance
The industry trend is clearly toward more The industry trend is clearly toward more
efficient, less energy intensive, and efficient, less energy intensive, and
greener approachesgreener approaches
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