INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORDINARY BUILDINGS AND INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
MAJOR ASPECTS IN INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
EXAMPLES IN INDIA AND DUBAI
CONCLUSION
DEFINITION OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING :
The Intelligent Building Institute has
proposed: “An intelligent building is one that
provides a productive and cost-effective
environment through optimization of its four
basic elements - structure, systems, services
and management - and the interrelationships
between them. Intelligent buildings help
business owners, property managers and
occupants to realize their goals in the areas
of cost, comfort, convenience, safety, long-
term flexibility and marketability."
INTRODUCTION
Intelligent Buildings are the buildings of 21st century. They combines innovations with skillful management to maximize the returns on investment.
These buildings keep a watch over themselves and their own well being.
They put off lights, shut down air conditioners, check the water storage tanks, recharge the central UPS in case of a power failure and switch on the alarm in case of fire.
“Use of technology and process to create a building that is safer and more productive for its occupants and more operationally efficient for its owners.”
Intelligent Buildings are equipped with robust telecommunication infrastructure, allowing for more efficient use of resources and increasing the comfort and security of its occupants.
The origin of Intelligent Buildings and building management systems has roots in the Industrial sector in the 1980’s.
The high technology concept of intelligent building systems was introduced in United States.
Building should know what is happening inside and immediately outside.
Building should decide the most effective way of providing a convenient, comfortable and productive environment for its occupants.
Building should respond as quickly as possible to the occupant’s requests.
“These attributes indicates the need for various technology and management systems. The successful integration of these systems will produce three dimensions of building intelligence”.
OVERVIEW OF INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
EXAMPLES OF HOW TECHNOLOGY HELPED TO PROVIDE ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND A SUPERIOR ENVIRONMENT
FEATURE BENEFIT
Dimmable fluorescent lighting integrated with sun blind control
Optimal lighting level and quality can be determined by the occupants.
Lighting control with motion sensors integrated with security
Reduces energy use and increases security
Natural and displacement ventilation.
More efficient and effective distribution of ventilation
Use of economizers for free cooling.
Energy efficiency.
Individual temperature and lighting control
Improved comfort is shown to improve productivity.
Radiant heating and cooling. Improved comfort, reduced energy use
After hours control of lights and HVAC integrated with security
Improved security while reducing energy use
Monitoring of IAQ and contaminants.
Improved comfort, safety, and productivity.
THREE DIMENSIONS OF BUILDING INTELLIGENCE
Building Automation
Systems
Office Automation system and Local Area Network
Advanced Telecommunication
Building Automation Systems to enable the building to respond to external factors and conditions (like climatic variations, fire etc.),
simultaneous sensing, control and monitoring of the internal
environment and the storage of the data generated.
Strata Tower, Abu Dhabi
Office Automation system and Local Area Network
•To provide management information and decision support aids with link to the central computer system.
To enable rapid communication with outside world, via the central computer system using optical fiber installations, microwave and conventional satellite links.
Advanced Telecommunication
Dubai Opera House
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORDINARY BUILDINGS AND INTELLIGENT
BUILDINGS
Intelligent building adjusts the inside functional aspects such as lighting,
ventilation, air conditioning, etc. automatically with the changes in
environmental conditions controlled by computer
While planning an intelligent
building, a
Building
service
engineer, an
Architect & Hardware Engineer is requir
ed.
But in case of ordinary building, a Building service
engineer and an
Architect is enough.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORDINARY BUILDINGS AND INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
In an Intelligent Building, the security system, communication system, etc. are coordinated and automatically controlled by computer work station.
The cost of construction of Intelligent Building is very high as compared to an ordinary building.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORDINARY BUILDINGS AND INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
Da Vinci rotating tower
The development cost of an Intelligent Building is 8 - 10% higher than that of an ordinary
building. But this can be justified by the resulting energy saving, which is only 25 – 35% of energy required by
normal building.
HOW BUILDINGS BECOME INTELLIGENT
The high technology concept of intelligent building systems was introduced in United States in early 1980’s. An Intelligent Building provides a productive and cost-effective environment through the integration of Structure, Systems, Services, and Management.
Security
Telecommunication
Systems
Energy ManagementComfort
Safety
MAJOR ASPECTS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING
SECURITY
This includes controlling access, surveillance and communication
Access control : Access control restricts how and when people enter and/or exit an area. Your particular needs will determine how that is accomplished. Access Control Systems allow people or vehicles into a restricted area via identification through coded keys, magnetic cards, or biometric readers such as hand, face, voice, finger or retina readers. These systems are used in many businesses, hotels and apartment complexes.
COMMON FEATURES OF ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS
Limit access- Systems can be programmed to allow certain users to enter specific areas only at certain times. Other users can be allowed to enter all locations at all times.
Automating – Systems can automatically lock a door or gate each evening at a certain time and unlock it automatically at another time.
WORKING OF AN ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS
1. First we need a barrier to prevent someone from entering or exiting, such as a locked door or gate.
2. Next we need a way to determine who is trying to enter.
3. A credential reader is used to read the information on a key or card, to register a combination of numbers entered on a pad or to identify some characteristic that the user has, such as a fingerprint the shape of a hand, a pattern in the eye, etc.
4. This identifier is sent to a controller that has stored a record of those identifiers that are authorized to enter the area.
5. If the credential holder is authorized the controller unlocks the gate or door and the credential holder is allowed to enter.
6. In many systems a record of all authorized and unauthorized credentials is stored in the system for future reference.
GADGETS
FINGER PRINT LOCK
EASY AND SIMPLE INSTALLATION UNLOCK BY FINGERPRINT OR CODE CAN STORE UPTO 150 DIFFERENT FINGER
PRINTS
RETINA BASED DOOR ACCESS SYSTEM • Pre-stores the
person's eye color and its other physical features.
• Scans retina, matches it with the data stored and only then the door gets opened.
VOICE AND VIDEO INTERCOM
This type of access control is most commonly used in blocks of flats or apartments, where access to the front door needs to be controlled remotely. Communication between the internal phone and the outside speaker is established, before authorization to enter is granted
CODE- BASED ACCESS SYSTEM
A secure pin code entered onto a touch screen is required, before Access to a controlled area is allowed
SWIPE CARD ACCESS SYSTEM
Entrance to a secured area is allowed, through the "swiping" of a pre-programmed card with magnetic strip through a reader
BIOMETRIC ACCESS SYSTEM
The newest technology in access control, biometric systems verify a person's identity, by unique physical characteristics, such as a fingerprint or retina.
SAFETY AND SURVEILLANCE
Intelligence with respect to life safety in an intelligent building consists of the use of high technology to maximize the performance of fire alarm and security systems while at the same time minimizing costs.
Life safety factors involved in intelligent buildings include: reduced manpower dependence, closed-circuit television, card access control, smoke detection, intrusion alarms, emergency control of elevators, doors and uninterruptible power supplies.
Surveillance
Helps in monitoring movement within and outside a building and its periphery through camera (Closed-Circuit Television Camera) or perimeter devices like intrusion alarms. Also helps in alerting the security manager, in case of violation of pre-set norms.
SAFETY
Fire protection systems pump water to the areas where the fire occurs, so as to douse it automatically through sprinkler bulbs and also manually through the fire brigade.
Sufficient water pressure should be maintained throughout.
SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEMS
Early warning systems like smoke detection systems, detects the fire at a very early stage and pinpoint to the caretaker where exactly it is occurring, so that the fire is extinguished locally through manual fire extinguishers.
TELE COMMUNICATION
Intelligence with respect to telecommunications in an intelligent building consists of the offering to tenants of many sophisticated telecom features at a considerably reduced cost due to the fact that the equipment is shared by many users. Some of the telecom features involved in intelligent buildings are: private telephone exchange systems, cablevision, audio-visual and video-conferencing, satellite communications and, electronic mail, Intranets and Internet access
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Telecommunication Systems and Office Automation Systems like the UPS and the Public Address system provides the required support in the event of security violation or fire.
BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND
INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
Energy-effective systems balance a building's electric light, daylight and mechanical systems for maximum benefit.
Lighting Systems: Adding daylight to a building is one way to achieve an energy effective design. And with the reduced need for electric light, a great deal of money can be saved on energy.
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS An intelligent building starts with an environmentally
friendly design. Creating a project that is environmentally friendly and
energy efficient ties in closely with many of the intelligent attributes.
Intelligent buildings are designed for long-term sustainability and minimal environmental impact through the selection of recycled and recyclable materials, construction, maintenance and operations procedures.
Providing the ability to integrate building controls, optimize operations, and enterprise level management results in a significant enhancement in energy efficiency, lowering both cost and energy usage compared to non-intelligent projects.
ECONOMY CONSIDERATION :
Creating an intelligent building does require an investment in advanced technology, processes, and solutions.
An upfront investment is required to realize a significant return later on.
It is unrealistic to expect to make a project intelligent unless there is early buy in on investment.
One of the challenges is to educate owners on the benefits of an intelligent building design.
This makes the education of both owners and architects about the benefits of intelligent solutions critical for success.
EXAMPLES OF INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
INTELLIGENT BUILDING IN INDIA The need for Intelligent Buildings rose with the
emergence of the IT sector. IT firms need uninterrupted working environment for 365 days a year. Some kind of round the clock monitoring is also necessary.
Techno-campus of Cognizant Technology Solutions, Thoraipakkam on old Mamallapuram road is one of the Intelligent buildings in India. It took 14 months to evolve a fully integrated design plan and arrive at the IBMS solution that covers security, safety and automation, and since January 2004 the concept has been functional in the 400,000-sqft complex.
Cognizant Technology Solutions' office at Thoraipakkam, where an intelligent building management system is in place
SOME OF THE FEATURES OF THE IBMS AT COGNIZANT
Smoke detection systems Bio metric finger scanning systems 73 CCTV cameras Control of HVAC Control of water levels in overhead tanks Automatic lighting control
NIIT BUILDING
TIDEL PARK CHENNAI
GATE WAY TOWER AT GURGAON
DAVINCI ROTATING TOWER
BURJ KHALIFA DUBAI
CONCLUSION
The intelligent building is clearly the building of the future.
The goal of having an intelligent building only starts with early planning in the design stage.
In many ways, this mirrors the design and fulfillment of many green or LEED projects today, but it uses technology to provide for a superior space.
There are enormous benefits to be gained by creating intelligent buildings.
With proper marketing such buildings will entice tenants to sign on with a much greater ease.
By supporting the tenants in as many services as possible the building owners also gain from the profits realized from these services and tenants profit from the discounts to be had on their end as well.
We need to continue to work as an industry to quantify these benefits, educate owners and consultants, and to deliver a superior product to the market.