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Qobad Shafiee
PhD Student
Department of Energy Technology
Aalborg University
INTELLIGENT MICROGRID LABS IN AALBORG UNIVERSITY
Aalborg University: A One-Stop Shop to the Research on Smart-Grid
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 2
1. MicroGrid Concept and Examples
2. MicroGrid Research in Aalborg University
3. MicroGrid Labs and Activities
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 3
1. MicroGrid Concept and Examples
2. MicroGrid Research in Aalborg University
3. MicroGrid Labs and Activities
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 4
General aspects of a MicroGrid: “Definition and Operation” What is a Microgrid?
Renewable Energy Resources Energy Storage
Systems
Loads
Power Distribution Network
Main Grid UPS
Power Electronics
Intelligent Bypass Switch
(IBS)
Batteries
Programmable Loads
Thermal and Compressed Air System
Communication System
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 5
General aspects of a MicroGrid: “Definition and Operation” What is a Microgrid? Renewable Energy Resources Energy Storage
Systems
Loads
Power Distribution Network
Main Grid UPS
Power Electronics
Intelligent Bypass Switch
(IBS)
Batteries
Programmable Loads
Thermal and Compressed Air System
Communication System
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 6
General aspects of a MicroGrid: “Definition and Operation” What is a Microgrid? Renewable Energy Resources Energy Storage
Systems
Loads
Power Distribution Network
Main Grid UPS
Power Electronics
Intelligent Bypass Switch
(IBS)
Batteries
Programmable Loads
Thermal and Compressed Air System
Communication System
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 7 04-10-2012 7
General aspects of a MicroGrid: “Definition and Operation”
MicroGrids are helpful to Increase integration of Distributed Generation resources.
Increase security and tolerance to faults. Power quality and system reliability. Decentralized Power Management: how to generate an amount of
power in a lot of places, rather than a lot of power in one place.
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 8
Hachinohe Project • Tecnnology demo
• GT+Biomass+PV+WT+BAT
• Load – 610 kW (Sewage Plant+Schools)
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 9
Sendai Project 1 MW Microgrid with sensitive loads!
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 10
Sendai Project
1 MW Microgrid with sensitive loads!
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 12
Kynthos Island
Remote location
PV resource + storage
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 13
- 4,000 people - 22 villages - 11 x 1MW-WT - 10 x 2MW offshore WT
The turbines supply more power than the residents need. Exports 80 million kWh wind-produced electricity annually.
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 14
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 15
Main power system components of Bornholm Island: 132/60 kV substation in Sweden connection between Sweden and Bornholm 60 kV network 10 kV network 0.4 kV network loads customers generation units control room communication system biogas plant “Biokraft” district heating systems
04-10-2012
Bornholm Island
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 16
~
Battery bank
Inverters 250 kW
Gear
Squirrel cage induction generator
IG
Wind World 220kW 50Hz 690V three phase
9kW Water -tank 2 m 3
Load control
Water -tank 2 m 3
Water -tank 2 m 3
Switc
h Sw
itch
Switc
h
Water -tank 2 m 3 Sw
itch
T
9kW T
9kW T
9kW T
Temperature
Available energy
On/Off
Turbine control
Fixed capacitors 86kVAr
Water -tank 2 m 3 Sw
itch
9kW T
~ = = Average wind speed ~ 9.4 m/s
220 kW Wind Turbines
Generation 950 MWh per year
Faroe Island
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 17
1. MicroGrid Concept and Examples
2. MicroGrid Research in Aalborg University
3. MicroGrid Labs and Activities
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 18
Aalborg University was created through a merger of a number of well-established institutions, combined with the establishment of a number of new faculties in 1974. Aalborg University was characterised by its well-reputed education form of problem based project work – also known as the Aalborg model, and by extensive collaboration with the surrounding society. The number of students is around 15,000.
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 19
• Approximately 40 faculty members • Approximately 70 PhD students • More than 20 guest researchers • Approximately 20 TAPs (technical administrative employees) • Approximately 250 students • More than 50 on-going collaboration projects • Approximately 50% of the turnover comes from external projects
Organisation – Department of Energy Techonolgy
Electric Power
Systems
Wind Turbine Systems
Fluid Power in Wind and Wave Energy
Biomass
Photovoltaic Systems and Microgrids
Modern Power Transmission Systems
Smart Grids and Active Networks
Fuel Cell and Battery Systems
Automotive and Industrial Drives
Thermal Energy
Systems
Power Electronic Systems
Electrical Machines
Fluid Power Mechatronic
Systems
Mechanics and
Combustion
Multi-disciplinary Research Programmes
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 20
John K. Pedersen, Head of the Institute of Energy Technology, Aalborg University.
Research Fields Wind Power Systems, Prof. Zhe Chen Fluid Power in Wind and Wave Energy, Ass. Prof. Henrik C. Pedersen Biomass, Prof. Lasse Rosendahl Photovoltaic Systems, Prof. Remus Teodorescu Modern Power Transmission Systems, Prof. Claus Leth Bak Smart Grids and Active Networks, Ass. Prof. Birgitte Bak-Jensen Fuel Cell and Battery Systems, Prof. Søren Knudsen Kær Automotive and Industrial Drives, Ass. Prof. Kaiyuan Lu Efficient and Reliable Power Electronics Prof. Frede Blaabjerg Thermoelectrics, Research Ass. Paw Mortensen Green Buildings, Ass. Prof. Carsten Bojesen Microgrids, Prof. Josep M. Guerrero
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 21
Staff members: Josep Guerrero, Professor Juan Vasquez, Assistant Professor
Post Doc 1 Tomislav DC MicroGrids Energy storage
PhD 1 Qobad Shafiee Secondary Control Networked Control
PhD 3 Wu Dan Primary Control Virtual impedance
PhD 4 Chendan Li Communications Agents
PhD 6 Solangi Energy Policy for MicroGrids
PhD 5 Erum Protections SCADA system
Post Doc 2 Fen Tang Wind-Powered MicroGrids
Post Doc 3 Quino Eloy Power Quality in MicroGrids
PhD 7 Nelson Diaz Energy storage for MicroGrids
PhD 2 Lexuan Meng Tertiary Control EMS Optimization
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 22
Hierarchical Control for MicroGrids
Primary Control
Tertiary Control
Secondary Control
Primary Control: Modeling + Inner loops + droop Control (P/Q Sharing). Secondary Control: - f/V Restoration (Island) : Set-points assignation from MGCC to the DGs . - Synchronization (Island to grid Connected mode) Tertiary Control: Power Import/export from/to the grid.
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 23
HIERARCHICAL CONTROL
Primary control
DG units
+
_
Grid Measurements
PLL
Secondary control
Supervisory control
DG units Primary control
References
Energy Management System (EMS)
Tertiary control
Low Bandwidth Communications
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 24
Issues in a Microgrid
Problem: Harmonics in Microgrids Possible solutions:
- Microgrids needs to supply nonlinear currents (Ancillary Services)
- One DG unit could give more harmonics than another. (harmonic current sharing)
- Voltage Harmonic Reduction (Control strategies for HC) DG DG PCC 1 2
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 25
Issues in a Microgrid Problem: Unbalances in Microgrids Possible solutions:
- By means of sec. control, PCC voltage unbalances can be compensated by control signals to the primary level.
- PCC voltage data and the control signal are transmitted to/from secondary level through low bandwidth communication links.
- Voltage Unbalance Compensation (Control strategies) PCC After UC PCC Before UC
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 26
Grid Simulator for Power Quality Assessment of MicroGrids
Harmonic Distortion 10% 5th harmonic
Unbalanced Voltages 70% remaining voltage
Voltage Sags 20% depth in 550 ms
Flicker Sinusoidal 10V 8 Hz
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 27
Networked Control Systems Centralized Control Distributed control
Issues in a Microgrid
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 28
To MicroGrid
Virtual Impedance Loop
Pow
er
Calc
ulat
or
Freq
uenc
y Co
ntro
l
Prim
ary
Cont
rol
1,i
N
DGi i k
f
MGf MGE
1N
1,i
N
DGi i k
E
1,i
N
DGi i k
Q
iP
k Ek Es
iP
k Qk Qs
Volta
ge C
ontr
ol
Reac
tive
Pow
er sh
arin
g
CVLi oi
Dist
ribut
ed S
econ
dary
Con
trol
kD
G
Communication Link
iP
k fk fs
kD
GE
kD
GQ
kDGfkDGE
kDGQkD
Gf
1 2, ,...,
nDG DG DGf f f1 2, ,...,
nDG DG DGE E E1 2, ,...,
nDG DG DGQ Q Q
Voltage Reference
sin( )E t
Voltage loopCurrent loop
E
f
Q
P
PWM
Inner loops
1N
1N
Droop Control
refV
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected]
DG1
DG2
04-10-2012 29
Frequency Restoration Only with Primary Control (Freq. Deviations caused by multiple load connection)
Distributed Secondary Control for Islanded MicroGrids
Amplitude Restoration Only with Primary Control (Amp. Deviations caused by multiple load connection)
DG1
DG2
Performance of DSC when Active and Reactive Powers are shared between DGs DSC Enabled
DG1
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 30
Centralized Vs Distributed Secondary Control Time Delay Central Secondary Control Distributed Secondary Control
200 ms
2 sec.
Frequency Restoration
Reactive power DG1,2
Frequency Restoration
Reactive power DG1,2
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 31
4 sec.
Time Delay Central Secondary Control Distributed Secondary Control
Frequency Restoration
Reactive power DG1,2
Centralized Vs Distributed Secondary Control
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected]
Timbus et Al. Management of DER Using Standarized Communications and modern Technologies
04-10-2012 32
Issues in a Microgrid Communications IEEE 37-bus model
The gateway computer contains: communication model provided by IEC 61850 & IEC 61400-25 to describe the physical devices in the network model.
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 34
Protections
Architecture of the MicroGrid with four different zones of protection where all the breakers in a given bus is involved in bus protection.
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 36
DC MicroGrid
• Complete control over the common voltage
• Batteries operated to provide voltage-support at moderate states of charge (SoCs)
• Renewables (PV, WTG) provide voltage-support during regulated charging of batteries, othervise with MPPT algorithms
• With coordination of charging, batteries are charged in a round-robin manner
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 37 04-10-2012
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 38
1. MicroGrid Concept and Examples
2. MicroGrid Research in Aalborg University
3. MicroGrid Labs and Activities
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 41
DC MG setup
• Platform for emulating low voltage DC MGs has been created: • Telecommunication and data-center
facilities, EHVs, rural areas
• Voltage ranges: 48V – 380V
• dSPACE 1103 has multiple functionalities: • Real-time converter level control
• Advanced algorithms development using Matlab/Stateflow
• Real-time simulation of distributed energy resources (DERs)
• Up to 6 DC/DC converters operating in parallel
• Grid connection of DC MGs
Green Power Lab (GPL)
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 42
Flexible MicroGrid
DC power line
AC power line
4x Danfoss 4x2kW
dSPACE
DC-AC bidirection power converter
TRAF
.…
dSPACE
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected]
WiFi
Fiber optics dSPACE +
Ethernet Interface
DC power line AC power line
PLC
Communication Module
Ethernet Ethernet
Distributed Generation Units
SmartMeter Kamstrup
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 44
Gas Turbine 2x30kW Solar PV
30kW
AC Microgrid DC Microgrid (400V-600V)
FlowBattery 10kW
Flywheel 60kW
Zigbee
Protections Thermal Communication
Programmable Loads
Heat Pumps
380V - 400Vdc
AC Microgrid DC Microgrid
FC 50kW
600 Vdc
End-Use Appliances 3-Blade 30kW Gas
Supply
Thermal Storage
Unit
Compressed Air
Batteries Ni-Salt
SmartMeters
x6 150kW
MGDK Central
Controller
Utility Main Grid
Internet (Remote Access)
HAN
SMES
Generation 150kW
Storage 320kW
Total 470kW
200kW R = 40kW L = 50kVAr C = 10kVAr
Qbeak Electric Vehicle
21kW 3kW
Electric Boiler
42kW
Cooling/Heat dump
Heat Recovery
Vertical - 75kW
RTDS Technologies
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 45 Juan Carlos Vasquez - Assistant Professor in Microgrids 45
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 46
- Distributed Control of an Intelligent Microgrid Plant ( Vasque country – Spain)
The MicroGrid to be implemented will have an installed generation power of 300 kW and will be composed of a generators and loads system that will be able to operate connected to the electric distribution network or in isolated way. Integration of Power line communication, distributed generators, electrical vehicle integration, Wi-Fi (MESH network). - Increasing wind energy penetration level using pumped hydro storage in an islanded microgrid (Faroe Island)
Collaborations with Companies
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 47
MicroGrid Courses
Nov. 5 – Nov. 6 Nov. 26 – Nov. 27
Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 49
Thank you for your attention!
For cooperation or further information, please contact us: [email protected]