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INTERPERSONAL SKILLS

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ESSENTIAL IP COMPETENCIES Self awareness

Control

MotivationAcknowledging the interests of

subordinates

Communication skills

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DEVELOPING IP Skills Developing Assertiveness

Accepting Responsibility

Managing Conflicts

Avoiding

AccommodatingCompeting/Forcing

Collaborating

Compromising

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Life Positions

Im OK Im OK

Youre not OK Youre OK

Im not OK Im not OK

Youre not OK Youre OK

A

ttitudetoward

Oneself

Attitude toward Others

Negative Positive

Positive

Negative

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Management Conflict StylesAssertivebehavior

Aggressive

behavior

Accommodating

style

Collaborating

style

Compromising

style

Avoiding

style

Forcing

style

Passivebehavior

High concernfor others

needs

Low concernfor others

needs

High concernfor own

needs

Im

not OK

Youre OK

Im OK

Youre OK

Im

not OK Youre not OK

Im OK Youre not OK

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Factors Hampering InterpersonalInteractions Poor Listening

Emotional Arousal Lack of Time

Differences in objective

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Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis

Transactional AnalysisA unified system of individual and

social psychiatry

Focuses on the individual but alsoones relationship to others

A model for explaining why and how:

People think like they doPeople act like they do

People interact/communicate withothers

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Eric Berne and Transactional AnalysisTransactional Analysis People have three ego states: parent, adult, child

Parent: when a person thinks, feels & behavesin ways copied from his/her parents

Child: thinking, feeling, behaving as one did asa child

Adult: thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that area direct result of current happenings

Key point: people shift in & out of these states

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Ego PortraitsPeople have favorite, preferred ego state, depicted by

larger circle in a diagram

Parent Adult Child

P

A

C

P

A

C

P

A

C

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Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis

Transactional Analysisfurther development Parent & child ego states subdivided

Parent state: controlling or nurturing

Child state: free child (FC) or adaptedchild (AC)

ACa person conforms & adapts todemands of others

FCa person acts & feels like anuninhibited & unsocialized child

Adult state: current self

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Transactional AnalysisTransactional analysis (TA): a method of understandingbehavior in interpersonal dynamics.

The three ego states

ParentCritical parent

Sympathetic/nurturing parent

ChildNatural child (affectionate playful)

Adapted child

AdultThe three types of transactions

Complementary

Crossed

Ulterior

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Types of TransactionsComplementary Transactions: Appropriate and

Expected Transactions indicating healthy human

relationships.

Communication takes place when transactions are

complementary. A stimulus invites a response; this

response becomes a stimulus inviting further

response and so on.

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Transactional Analysis Types (I)Complementary transaction

Supervisor EmployeeP

CA

P

CA

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Eric Berne and Transactional AnalysisTransactional Analysis occurs when the ego states

of 2 people interacting is assessed

Complimentary interaction: one person in a nurturing parent ego state

other person in their adaptive child ego

state

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Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis

For a leader-follower, the following complementary

transactions could occur:

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Transactional Analysis Types (II)Crossed transaction

Supervisor EmployeeP

C

A

P

CA

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Types of TransactionsCrossed Transaction: This causes most difficulties in

social situations.

May be, you should improve your study habits.

You always find fault with me whatever I do Parent-

Child interaction.

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Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis

Transactional Analysis occurs when the ego states of 2people interacting is assessed, contd.

Crossed transaction:A leader in the adult ego state deals with

A subordinate who responds from their free childego state with somewhat negative, rejecting inputfrom the leader

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Eric Berne and Transactional AnalysisFor a leader-follower, there are a number of possible

crossed transactions:

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Transactional Analysis Types (III)Ulterior transaction

Supervisor Employee

Supervisor Employee

P

CA

P

CA

P

C

AP

C

A

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STROKES Positive

Negative Neutral

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UTILITY Communication

Motivation Leadership

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Interpersonal Skills- BC

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Building Positive Relationship Use of I

Focus on problem solving

Dont Deceive

Empathy

ListenUse of Praise Be specific

Praise progress Sincere

Dont overdo

Timin

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Dealing with Criticism Understand the Reason behind

Empathy Dont personalize criticism

Do not be Judgmental

Do not overload

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NEGOTIATIONS

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Steps Involved Planning

Impersonal Relationship Building Exchanging Task-Related Information

Persuasion

Agreement

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Negotiation Tactics & Behavior Location

Time

Buyer-Seller Relation

Extreme Behavior

Promises/Threats Using Silence