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sityBiodiversity or BiologicalDiversity, sum of all the di
fferent species of animals,plants, fungi, and microbialorganisms living on Earth andthe variety of habitats inwhich they live. Scientists
estimate that upwards of 10
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Everywhere there is life, there is more thanone distinct type oforganism. Even a drop
of seawater offers amultitude of different
microscopic plants,animals, and less
complex life forms. The
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Second, all life on
Earth is connected inan evolutionary tree
of life. At the bottomof the tree is the
common ancestorfrom which all livingthings descendeda
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Diversity
Ecological diversity is theintricate network of different
species present in localecosystems and the dynamicinterplay between them. An
ecosystem consists oforganisms from manydifferent species livingto ether in a re ion that are
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When the otters
disappeared, the seaurchin population
exploded and startedto destroy the vastbeds of kelp. Withoutthe kelp, otherspecies that lived in
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Diversity
Every species on Earth isrelated to every otherspecies in a pattern every bitas complex as the patterns of
energy flow within anecosystem. In evolutionarydiversity, the connection is
not energy flow, but rather
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An organisms closestrelatives are members of
its own speciesthat is,other organisms with
which it has thepotential to mate and
produce offspring.Members of a speciesshare genes, the bits of
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Members of a
species also sharecomplex mating
behaviors thatenable them to
recognize eachother as potential
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For virtually every species there is a similar and
closely related species inan adjacent habitat. West
of the Rocky Mountains,one finds western graysquirrels instead of
eastern gray squirrels.Although western gray
squirrels are more similar
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Each species has other,more remotely related
species, which share amore general set of
characteristics. Graysquirrels, chipmunks,marmots, and prairie dogs
all belong to the squirrelfamily because they share
a number of features, such
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This is the evoluti
onary chain of life.All species are
descended from asingle common
ancestor. From thatancient single-
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