Interface IT PGRFA and the Nagoya Protocol; needs for the breeding sector

Anke van den Hurk

• Identified competent authority* • Clear access and benefit sharing

rules that are suitable for practical implementation*

• Clarity on material that falls in and out of the scope (no retroactivity)

• System that understand difficulties of the plant breeding sector*

• Recognition of the value of the breeders’ exemption as benefit sharing

• Provides legal certainty • Has a workable compliance

system*

Needs of the plant breeding sector with regard to ABS

• Apple Near East West Europe • Cassava Brazil West Africa • Potato Andean region Netherlands • Oil Palm West and Central Africa South East Asia • Sugarcane Papua New Guinea Brazil • Tulip Central Asia Netherlands

Clarity on the appropriate provider

Domestication; The spread of sugarcane

• Centre of origin believed to be Papua

New Guinea and around

• Secondary centre: Northern India

• Spread through the world

• Current top producer: Brazil

• New uses for old crops: top bioethanol

crop Source Willy Degreef

Flow of tomato TSWV resistance germplasm around the world

Tomato breeding

for TSWV

resistance +

markers

(companies) Expeditions to

collect

Lycopersicon

species

1950 1988

1950

1993 1994

1999

1964

Lycopersicon

species

(Collection Rick)

Development of

specific marker for

SW-5 gene

(Tanksley)

Tomato breeding

for TSWV

resistance + gene

markers

(companies)

Interspecific cross

L. peruvainum x L. esculentum

identification of SW-5 gene

with

resistance to TSWV (Stevens) Source Orlando de Ponti

• National focal point(s) • Nagoya Protocol

• IT PGRFA

• Competent autorities

• Nagoya Protocol

• IT PGRFA

• Scope

• Nagoya Protocol

• IT PGRFA

• Public domaine

Autorities

2-4

ye

ars

6

-8 y

ea

rs

3-5

Ye

ars

Number

of test

locations

Main

tenance b

reedin

g

Selection plant

material

Recombination/ mutation

Evaluation

Trials in several years

and in several locations

Yield, resistance quality

agricultural characteristics

Selection

Parent line/

variety

IP application/

RegistrationOfficial

DUS tests

Cultivation

Seed production, pre-

basic, basic,

standard/certified seed

Plant breeding process

2-4

ye

ars

6

-8 y

ea

rs

3-5

Ye

ars

Number

of test

locations

Main

tenance b

reedin

g

Selection plant

material

Recombination/ mutation

Evaluation

Trials in several years

and in several locations

Yield, resistance quality

agricultural characteristics

Selection

Parent line/

variety

IP application/

RegistrationOfficial

DUS tests

Cultivation

Seed production, pre-

basic, basic,

standard/certified seed

Plant breeding process Modern varieties

Research materials

Landraces

Wild relatives

90-95%

5-10%

Understand the plant breeding process

Possible stacking of costs for more materials Contract is in perpetuity

Source ISF

Marginal contribution

One or more relevant characteristics

Value of genetic resources

Wild genetic diversity

Valu

e investe

d in the p

roducts

Elite parent lines

Chance o

n s

ucces

Breeding

process Research

costs

1-1

5 y

ea

rs

One agreement; PIC and MAT at once

• Development of new varieties with characteristics appreciated by the growers

• Create jobs • Breeding exemption • Support to gene banks • Making available collections

• Several public-private collections

• Company collections to gene banks

• ‘Varieties for diversity’ • Development projects • Donations/financial contributions

Contribution of the seed and young plant sector to biodiversity

• For which material/genetic resources proof/due diligence is needed? It may not be available

and /or needed for • Pre-CBD Material • Genetic resources from countries that do not require

PIC and or MAT • Genetic resources received via breeders’ exemption

• For what part of the DNA? • Until where in the Pedigree?

Compliance system should be workable

Source ISF

• Multilateral system of IT PGRFA is most consistent with plant breeding activities as a whole and therefore best option for ABS • Recognition of breeders’ exemption • One contract • Simple and efficient SMTA • Cutoff-point • Non-accumulation

• The seed sector is of the opinion that the Annex 1 should be extended for all breeding activities

• So the seed sector is willing to provide its input to further implement the IT PGRFA

IT PGRFA fits the ABS needs of the plant breeding sector best

• Identified competent authority* • Clear access and benefit sharing

rules that are suitable for practical implementation*

• Clarity on material that falls in and out of the scope (no retroactivity)

• System that understand difficulties of the plant breeding sector*

• Recognition of the value of the breeders’ exemption as benefit sharing

• Provides legal certainty • Has a workable compliance

system*

Needs of the plant breeding sector with regard to ABS

Thank you Make ABS practical for the plant breeding sector; the IT PGRFA fits best