Interim Progress Report - National Food Security...

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Interim Progress Report

(July 01, 2015-March 31, 2016)

SCREENING OF LOW ARSENIC ACCUMULATING

RICE VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS FOR WEST BENGAL

Sanctioning Authority

Department of Agriculture and Co-operation

Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India

(Under National Food Security Mission)

Directorate of Research

Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya

Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal

Principal Investigator:

Prof. Prasanta Kumar Patra

Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science

Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya

P.O.- Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741252

Nadia, West Bengal

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Interim Progress Report and Service Request

For the financial Year : 2015-2016

Name of the Institute : Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya

Title of the research project : “Screening of low arsenic accumulating rice varieties and

hybrids for West Bengal”

Name of the P.I. :

Prof. Prasanta Kumar Patra, Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, B C K V

ii. Name of Co-PIs:

Sl.

No.

Name Designation and

Affiliation

Aarea of specialization

1 Prof. S. Sarkar Professor, BCKV Water management, Arsenic

dynamics in Water-Soil-

Plant continuum

2 Prof. Sukanta Pal Professor, BCKV Agronomic management of

crop

3 Dr. A. Roy (Aich) Associate Professor, BCKV Rice breeder

4. Mr. Madhab C Dhara Joint Director of

Agriculture

(Research),RRC, Chinsura,

Govt. of West Bengal

Management of rice under

various ecosystems.

Monitoring rice breeding

programme

Financial Progress: (in Lakh INR)

Year Fund

Sanctioned

for the Year

Fund

Released

(Upto

March

2016)

Fund utilized

(Upto 31.03.2016)

End Balance

(on 31.03.2016)

Percentage of

Utilization of

the released

fund

2015 98.23600 73.67000 73.67000 Nil* 100 %

An amount of Rs1.33466 lakh due to be paid to the university towards institutional charges

@10% over the Recurring Contingency Expenses

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Sub-head wise Expenditure during the period from 01.07.2015- 31.03.2016

Total Closing Balance as on 31.03.2016: nil

* An amount of Rs1.33466 lakh due to be paid to the university towards institutional charges

@10% over the Recurring Contingency Expenses

Items Sanctioned

Budget

Amount

Spent

Unspent

(As per sanctioned

budget

A. Contractual

RA 5.28000 3.13289 2.14711

Field Attendant 2.88000 1.39162 1.48838

Laboratory Attendant 0.96000 0.20800 0.75200

Skilled Labourer 1.23600 1.20981 0.02619

Total Manpower 10.35600 5.94232 4.41368

B. Non Recurring

Equipment 43.50000 30.21714 13.28286

C. Recurring

Consumables 35.00000 31.48140 3.51860

Hiring of Vehicles 1.50000 1.49170 0.00830

Travelling Allowances 1.00000 0.11912 0.88088

Lease Rent of Farmers Land 1.50000 1.50000 0.00000

Office stationary 0.40000 0.18139 0.21861

Sub-Total 39.40000 34.77361 4.62639

Total Recurring 49.75600 40.71593 9.04007

Institutional Charges 4.97560 2.73693 -1.33466*

Total 98.23600 73.67000 24.56600

Fund Released During 2015-16 73.67000 73.67000 Nil *

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Time line / Activities for the Arsenic trial

SL

No

Season Field Lab

1 Kharif ,

2015

Plant and soil Sample collection

Nadia, Chinsurah Photographs, Nov, 1st -2nd

week

5 plant data for breeding

Harvest and yield estimation , Nadia and

Chinsurah

Nov 3rd week

Seeds collection at RRS, Chinsurah

2 Boro ,

2015-16

Seed bed prep and sowing

Nov last – Dec 1st week

Tentative dates 1-2/12 Nadia

3-4/12 hooghly & Malda

5-6/12 S24 pgs

Soil sample collection

Jan 1st -2nd week before sowing

Transplanting

Jan last week to Feb 1st week

As content Estimation

of Plant and soil

samples , Kharif 2015

Result compilation of

both yield and other

parameters

Feb / March/ April

2016

Routine field visit in Feb / March/ April 1 in

each month per location


Photographs,

May 1st -2nd week

Harvest and yield estimation ,

May/ June

To be undertaken for the next year

3 Kharif ,

2016



June last – July 1st week

Tentative dates to be adjusted


June/July week before sowing

Transplanting

August 1st-2nd week

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Routine field visit in Sept / Oct

1 in each month per location


of Plant and soil

samples Boro 2016



parameters

Sept / Oct/ Nov 2016


Photographs,

Nov 1st -2nd week


Nov-Dec

4

Boro,

2016-17



Nov last – Dec 1st week

Tentative dates to be adjusted accordingly


Jan 1st -2nd week before sowing

Transplanting

Jan last week to Feb 1st week

Routine field visit in Feb / March/ April 1 in

each month per location


of Plant and soil

samples Kharif 2016



parameters

Feb / March/ April

2017


Photographs,

May 1st -2nd week


May/ June


of Plant and soil

samples Boro 2017



parameters

July-August 2017

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Activity Timelines (Monthly):

Sl.

No.

Activities Time Period

2015 2016

7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3

1 Recruitment of manpower * * * * *

2 Procurement of equipment, setting up of

laboratory * * * * * * * *

3 Identification of sites to carry out the

field study * * * * * *

4 Collection of seeds from Chinsura RRS,

Govt. W. B. * *

5 Cultivation of 20 varieties and hybrids * * * * * * * * *

6 Collection of samples from sites * * * * * * * * *

7 Preparation samples for analysis * * * * *

8 Estimation of total and inorganic arsenic

content in water, soil and plant samples * * *

9 Statistical analysis of generated data.

Generation of secondary data *

10 Report submission & Recommendation *

Procurement

a) Equipment procured during the period from July,2015 to 31st March, 2016

Sl

No

Equipment Budget

(` in INR)

Amount

spent

(` in INR)

1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer [model:

PerkinElmer PinAAcle900F with FIAS100] from M/S

PerkinElmer (India) Pvt.

27,36,081

2 Lenovo C20-30 (FOB 2002MII9 desktop computer 41,000

3 Dell Brand 6th Generation Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-6100U

Processor

57,200

4 Rice Sheller and rice polisher 1,21,889

Total 43,50,000 29,56,195

Amount Unspent as per budget provisions 13,93,805

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b) Equipment to be procured during 2016-17 (Proposal Submitted and attached as

Annexure –I):

c) Works completed during April, 2011to Sep., 2011

Item of work Amount Spent (` in lakhs)

Repair of digestion Chamber and digestion hood 2.250

Dates of field visit of the project monitoring team headed by the Director, Directorate

of Jute Development, Nizam Palace Campus, 234/4, Acharya Jagadish Bose Road,

Kolkata-7000 020 and meeting held: 5th October, 2015 and 01st April, 2016

Honours and awards connected with NAIP works (July, 2015 to March., 2016): Nil

Details of International and National Training attended (July, 2015 to March., 2016):

Nil

Details of National training conducted (July, 2015 to March., 2016): Nil

Linkage developed with development departments, Banks, Insurance Agencies, input

agencies, market etc. :Nil

Objective 1: To identify rice varieties which can accumulate low inorganic arsenic (≤ 0.2 mg

Kg-1) in polished grain and suited to specific environment of boro / summer season

Four villages in Nadia district viz., Mitrapur, Dakshin Paanchpota, Ghetugachhi and

Nonaghata-Namapara were selected for conduct of the envisaged research programme

Due to excessive rain and flood situation in the arsenic affected blocks of South 24 Parganas

(Photographs attached) research work could not be undertaken

Since the research project could be implemented late on 1st July, 2015, selection of sites inn

Malda district could not be undertaken

Equipment Budget (` in lakh INR)

(Approximately)

UV-Visible Spectrophotometer 6.250

pH and ion meter with ion selective electrodes 6.500

Precision Balance (Metler) 1.250

Total 14.000

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Seeds of 20 varieties of rice (list attached in table 1) were available with the Rice Research

Centre, Chinsurah under the Govt. of West Bengal and seedlings of these varieties were

raised and transplanted in the identified farmers’ field in the Nadia district and duly

harvested

Soil, water and plant samples from experimental fields in Nadia during kharif season have

been collected and processed

Since the required instruments are not yet fully operational, analyses of these samples could

not be fully completed and will be completed as soon as the instruments are ready

Seeds of 25 rice varieties and hybrids were collected; seedlings were raised and transplanted

in the farmers’ field in all the three districts viz., Nadia, South 24 Parganas and Malda.

The boro season crop is being harvested according to schedule

Implementation problems/issues and suggestions (if any)

Problems Suggestions

Managing 25 rice varieties and hybrids in

the farmers’ field is really very difficult and

the farmers are reluctant to participate. This

is more so because the farmers feel that the

compensation in the form of “lease rent” of

farmers’ land Sanctioned in the project is

insufficient.

Engagement of Laboratory Attendant and

Field Attendant for 8 months in a year has

been provided under the budget. Since not

only the execution of field and laboratory

work would be difficult under this system,

but also laying off a person for four months

will be unrealistic.

It was felt during discussion with the Director,

Directorate of Jute Development during his field

visit that the lease rent needs to be increased to

Rs. 5000/- per farmer per season.

It is felt that provisions should be made for

engagement of the two Laboratory Attendant

and six field Attendants for all the 12 months of

the year during the project period.

Status of submission of PUC for 2015-16: Submitted along with this report

(Signature of the Principal Investigator)

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Detailed Report

Preamble

Government of India has fixed the target to increase rice production to 10 million tons by the end

of 12th Five Year Plan through National initiative like National Food Security Mission (NFSM)

which is almost ten percent more than that of the existing situation. Eastern India, precisely, West

Bengal being a predominantly rice growing state has an important role to achieve the target. As

such, NFSM and Beginning Green Revolution in Eastern India (BGREI) are going to introduce

new rice HYVs and hybrids with suitable management practices to fulfill the target. In West

Bengal to get more monetary return farmers prefer to grow rice during summer season commonly

known as boro rice. The boro rice area is more than 1.4 million ha. To compensate the high

evaporative demand (3 to 5 mm day-1) farmers irrigate 1200 to 1400 mm water to boro rice.

Farmers of notable area of the state use ground water as irrigation source, which have total arsenic

concentration in the range of 0.05 to 3.2 mg L-1. Along with this 10 fold higher arsenic uptake by

rice resulted in 0.25 to 0.95 mg kg-1 arsenic in paddy grain. Rice is a staple food for the people of

rural Bengal and thus notable amount of arsenic intake takes place even they consumed drinking

water contain arsenic within the permissible limit (≤ 0.05 mg L-1). During the 8th session of Codex

Committee on Contaminants in Food it has been proposed to fix the safe limit of inorganic arsenic

(iAs) load of polished rice as 0.2 mg kg-1. So, selection of high yielding rice varieties (HYV) /

hybrids with low iAs content (≤ 0.2 mg kg-1) in polished rice (white rice), even under irrigated

environment will be targeted.

Hence, iAs load in polished rice grain will be estimated for 20 rice genotypes (HYV, hybrids etc),

which were either released during the last ten years or cultivated by the majority of the farmers in

arsenic contaminated area of the state. Selection of rice genotypes will be done in consultation

with the Joint Director of Agriculture (Research), Rice Research Station Chinsurah, Department

of Agriculture, Govt. of West Bengal. In the 11th plan Planning Commission; Govt. of India

reported that arsenic contentment of underground water for the districts of South 24 Parganas,

Nadia and Malda districts are in the range of 0.06 to 3.2, 0.05 to 1.0 and 0.05 to 1.434 mg L-1

respectively. Therefore three to five farmers’ field in each of these three districts will be selected

to grow 20 HYV or hybrids. Two points will be considered while selection of the farmer’s field:

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(i) ground water arsenic content should be at a higher level and (ii) total arsenic load of the surface

soil (0 to 20 cm) of rice fields should be ≥ 0.20 mg Kg-1. Besides, all the 20 HYV or hybrids will

be tested in a farmer’s field where the groundwater arsenic concentration is within the safe (≤ 0.01

mg L-1) limit as proposed by WHO and FAO.

Background

Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid and a class I carcinogen (IARC, 2004) exists in different inorganic

and organic forms in nature. The trivalent As3+, and the pentavalent As5+, dominates in

underground water resources of Bengal Delta (Saha and Ali, 2006). In Bengal delta (comprising

of West Bengal, India and Bangladesh), source of As pollution is geogenic (Roychowdhury et al.,

2002). The aquifer water of the Lower Gangetic Plain (LGP) of West Bengalused for irrigation

purpose has the total As content in the range of 0.1to 0.35 mg L−1 (Sarkar et al., 2012). However,

Soil of the contaminated districts was highly fertile and cropping intensity was near about three

hundred percent. Rice, one of the major crops of West Bengal cultivated both at kharif (mainly

rainfed condition) and boro (irrigated environment) season. Due to its high buffering capacity soil

acts as a sink to arsenic. However, application of 1200 to 1400 mm contaminated water adds 120

to 420 mg arsenic per m2 in each cropping season of summer rice (Sarkar et al., 2012). Thus the

soil becomes secondary source of arsenic pollution. Presence of arsenic in both irrigation water

and soil resulted in notable increase in arsenic content in edible parts of rice. Being a staple crop

of West Bengal, it represents a significant dietary source of arsenic (Williams et al., 2005), by

accumulating above 0.2 mg kg-1 of grain (Duxbury et al., 2003). Drinking water is a point source

but food material is a diffused source for arsenic intake into human body (Guhamazumdar et al.,

2012). Thus development and selection of low accumulating rice variety is the objective for

minimizing arsenic exposure to the human body.

Arsenate and arsenite two predominant forms of As present in paddy soil under aerobic and

anaerobic condition respectively. Although most of the plants, usually, allow arsenate, an analogue

of Phosphate, more readily into roots through Phosphate transporters but rice allow entry of both

arsenate and arsenite efficiently (Zhao et al., 2010) and later form which was a dominant redox

form under anaerobic conditions, entered through silicic acid transporters (Ma et al., 2008).

Arsenate after entering into the rice roots also converted to arsenite. Majority of the arsenite pool

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sequestered into the vacuoles of rice root by glutathione-As complex (Abedin et al., 2002) and

remaining arsenite entered the stele via LSi2, Silicic acid efflux transporters (Ma et al., 2008).

Arsenite was the predominant inorganic form found in xylem sap of rice plants fed with either

arsenate or arsenite. It had been demonstrated that although majority of arsenic sequestered inside

the vacuoles of the roots but grain uploading of As took place in the ovular vascular trace of rice

grain, largely driven by mass flow (Carey et al., 2011). Some important information like area

coverage, total production and productivity of rice during both kharif (rainfed) and boro (irrigated)

seasons of the three targeted districts Nadia, Maldaha and South 24 Parganas are presented in the

following table( Data presented are average of 5 yrs 2004 to 2008).

District Acreage (‘000ha) Production( ‘000

tones)

Productivity (kg ha-1)

Kharif Boro Kharif Boro Kharif Boro

South 24 Parganas 324.3 67.4 8.33 199.28 2434 3126

Nadia 136.4 104.3 99.2 353.7 2230 3387

Malda 135.21 64.8 338.025 241.03 2500 3720

Source: Agriculture Contingency Plan for Districts in West Bengal

Objectives

1. To identify rice varieties which can accumulate low inorganic arsenic (≤ 0.2 mg Kg-1) in

polished grain and suited to specific environment of boro/ summer season.

2. To understand the role of genetics (G), growing environment (E) and G X E interactions

(GEI) with respect to iAs concentration in rice grain of different varieties grown in diverse

water and soil environments.

Rationale of the study supported by cited literature:

Since last decade researchers find elevated arsenic concentrations in rice grain grown in Bengal

delta (Gilbert-Diamond et al. 2011; Lu et al. 2009; Meharg et al., 2009; Zavala and Duxbury 2008),

indicating that rice contributes to human exposure to arsenic, in addition to the well-known

problem of arsenic ingestion through drinking water (BGS/DPHE 2000). The average daily

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consumption of rice by a village male adult is around 450 g milled rice per person per day,

providing more than 70% of daily calorie intake (Ninno and Dorosh 2001). Thus, contaminated

rice may represent a significant pathway of arsenic consumption by humans, in addition to drinking

water (Duxbury et al. 2003; Meharg and Rahman 2003).

The four main As species are found in rice grains are arsenite (As3+), arsenate(As5+),

monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) (Williams et al. 2005). Arsenic

species play a major role in determining the amount of As absorbed after consumption of As-

contaminated rice. DMA in rice is poorly absorbed in vivo after oral administration, resulting in a

low bioavailability in the human body. Conversely, inorganic arsenic (iAs) in rice are much more

bio available than DMA, indicating a high potential risk to human health (Juhasz et al. 2006).

Majority of inorganic form accumulates in the aleurone layer whereas organic form is located in

endosperm. As we consume polished rice, so accumulation of iAs in polished rice is needed to

consider during selection of variety.

Variations in grain As content among rice varieties have been observed (Zavala and Duxbury

2008; Chatterjee et al., 2013). Market basket surveys also revealed similar variability (Williams et

al. 2006). Some of this variability has been explained by differences in groundwater irrigation

levels of As (Williams et al. 2006) and soil As concentrations (Lu et al. 2009). Recent studies

indicated that variation in rice grain As concentration is largely controlled by rice genetics

(Ahamed etal., 2011; Kuramata et al, 2013), because there is large variability in phenotypes among

different rice cultivars (Norton et al. 2009b; Pillai et al. 2010;Norton et al. 2012). In a separate

study Norton et al. (2009a) concluded that, environment can also played a more important role

than genetics. However, quantitative characterization of the relative importance of rice genetics

(G), growing environments (E) and GxE interactions (GEI) on rice grain As concentrations has

not been in a greater scale. The characterization of E is particularly important because As uptake

by rice mainly depends on As availability rather than total As in the soil (Sheppard 1992). Rice

grain can accumulate relatively large amounts of As even from soils not contaminated by As

(Daum et al. 2001).

Methodology

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The research project was implemented at this university on 1st July, 2015. Since time was less we

ventured to start our field work in the arsenic affected blocks in Nadia and South 24 Parganas

district. Two blocks of Nadia viz., Chakdah and Haringhata and in South 24 Parganas district the

Baruipur block were earmarked for study. Two blocks viz, Kaliachak –I and Kaliachak –II in

Malda block were also earmarked. The list of farmers participating in the research project is listed

in table 1. While we started dialogue with the farmers of Malda district, we did not venture to start

the work during kharif season. Because of changes in the administrative positions in the university

(the position of the VC and the Director of Research) during the month of May, the implementation

of the project was delayed and the seeds of the required varieties were not available and thus the

work started with the 20 varieties that were available in hand. The seeds of 20 rice varieties were

sown in the seed bed on 31.07.2015 and the seedlings were transplanted during 20.08.2015 to

23.08.2015 in the four villages of Nadia district. Though we could negotiate with the farmers of

the South 24 Parganas district and ensured their participation in the research project, but because

of unprecedented rainfall situation, transplanting of rice seedlings could not be done at all.

Standing water did not recede even during the first week of September. Due to the same reason

transplanting of rice seedlings in Nadia was also delayed. The crop was grown to maturity

providing all the required management practices and harvested during the month of November as

different varieties matured on different dates. The varieties tested during the kharif season are

listed in Table 2. The mean total and extractable arsenic content of the experimental soils in the

Nadia district are presented in table 3.

A set of these varieties were also grown in Rice Research station, Chinsurah, Hooghly under the

Directorate of Rice research, Govt of West Bengal as non-contaminated check. The grain yield of

the tested rice varieties are presented in table 4.

Results

Grain Yield

Appraisal of results presented in table 4 revealed highest recorded grain yield (5.70 tha-1) in variety

Gotra Bidhan-1 and the lowest (2.476 tha-1) in PNR-546. Among locations, rice grain yield was

the highest (4.99 tha-1) in Dakshin Paanchpota and followed the order: Dakshin Pancpota (4.99

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tha-1) ≈ Ghetugachi (4.98 tha-1) > Chinsurah (4.49 tha-1) > Mitrapur (3.65 tha-1) > Nonaghata (2.68

tha-1).

Total arsenic Content of rice root:

Significant variation in total arsenic content of rice roots (mgkg-1) was observed among the 20 rice

varieties across different locations. While in Dakshin Paanchpota soil arsenic content of roots

(Table 5; Fig. 1) ranged from 19.30 (CN-1719-1) and 31.31 (Nayanmoni); in Ghetugachi soil

(Table 6; Fig. a) this range was from 19.56 (CN-1719-1) and 30.68 (Satabdi); in Mitrapur soil

(Table 7; Fig. 1) from 20.89 (Lalat) and 36.53 (PNR 546); in Nonaghata soil (Table 8; Fig 1)

between 16.76 (Ajit) and 30.45 (Gontra Bidhan 1).

Significant variation in total arsenic content of rice roots (mgkg-1) was observed among the four

arsenic affected villages (Table 9). The lowest was observed in Nonaghata (22.69) and the highest

in Ghentugachi (27.40). Across locations the Arsenic content of rice root followed the order:

Ghentugachi (27.40) > Mitrapur (26.81) > Dakshin Paanchpota (26.11) > Nonaghata (22.69).

The mean total arsenic content of rice roots pooled across location was 25.75 ± 3.88 (mgkg-1) and

significant variation among varieties was observed (Table 10; Fig. 5). While the highest arsenic

content was observed in Satabdi (29.79 ± 0.81), the lowest was observed in CN-1719-1 (20.24 ±

1.99).

Total arsenic Content of rice Shoot:

Significant variation in total arsenic content of rice shoots (mgkg-1) was observed among the 20

rice varieties across different locations. While in Dakshin Paanchpota soil arsenic content of rice

shoots (Table 5; Fig.2) ranged from 0.399 (PA 6444) and 1.877 (Gontra Bidhan 1); in Ghetugachi

soil (Table 6: Fig.2) this range was from 0.516 (CN-1719-1) and 1.854 (PNR 546); in Mitrapur

soil (table 7; Fig.2) from 0.54 (Satabdi) and 1.877 (PNR 546); in Nonaghata soil (Table 8; Fig.2)

between 0.472 (PA 64) and 1.754 (Nayanmoni).

Significant variation in total arsenic content of rice shoots (mgkg-1) was observed among the four


Page | 15

in Mitrapur (1.13). Across locations the Arsenic content of rice shoots followed the order: Mitrapur

(1.13) > Ghentugachi (1.04) > Dakshin Paanchpota (0.95) > Nonaghata (0.85).

The mean total arsenic content of rice shoots pooled across location was 0.99 ± 0.35 (mgkg-1) and

significant variation among varieties was observed (Table 10; Fig.5). While the highest arsenic

content was observed in PNR 546 (1.40 ± 0.57), the lowest was observed in CN 1719-1 (0.56 ±

0.06).

Total arsenic Content of rice grain:

Significant variation in total arsenic content of rice grains (mgkg-1) was observed among the 20

rice varieties across different locations. While in Dakshin Paanchpota soil (Table 5; Fif.3) arsenic

content of rice grains ranged from 0.284 (IR 36) and 0.685 (Gontra Bidhan 1); in Ghetugachi soil

(Table 6: Fig.3) this range was from 0.165 (IET 24177) and 0.508 (CNRH 103); in Mitrapur soil

(Table 7; Fig 3) from 0.232 (Ajit) and 0.567 (PA 6444); in Nonaghata soil (Table 8; Fig. 3) between

0.237(IR 36) and 0.573 (PA 6129).

Significant variation in total arsenic content of rice grains (mgkg-1) was observed among the four

arsenic affected villages (Table 9). The lowest was observed in Mitrapur (0.34) and the highest in

Dakshin Paanchpota (0.40). Across locations the Arsenic content of rice grains followed the order:

Dakshin Paanchpota (0.40) > Nonaghata (0.38) > Ghentugachi (0.36) > Mitrapur (0.34).

The mean total arsenic content of rice grains pooled across location was 0.37 ± 0.09 (mgkg-1) and

significant variation among varieties was observed (Table 10; fig 5). While the highest arsenic

content was observed in Gontra Bidhan -1(0.50 ± 0.13), the lowest was observed in CN 1719-1

(0.30 ± 0.02).

Total arsenic Content of rice Husk:

Significant variation in total arsenic content of rice husk (mgkg-1) was observed among the 20 rice

varieties across different locations. While in Dakshin Paanchpota soil arsenic content of rice husk

(Table 5; Fig. 4) ranged from 0.926 (IR 36) and 1.263 (Gontra Bidhan 1); in Ghetugachi soil (Table

6; Fig 4) this range was from 0.348 (IET 24177) and 1.197 (IR 36); in Mitrapur soil (Table 7; Fig.

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4) from 0.584 (Ajit) and 1.167 (IR 36); in Nonaghata soil (Table 8; Fig. 4) between 0.557(CNRh

102) and 0.95 (CN-1719-1).

Significant variation in total arsenic content of rice husk (mgkg-1) was observed among the four


in Ghentugachi (0.83). Across locations the Arsenic content of rice root followed the order:

Ghentugachi (0.83) > Dakshin Paanchpota (0.78) >Mitrapur (0.76) > Nonaghata (0.73).

The mean total arsenic content of rice husk pooled across location was 0.79 ± 0.15 (mgkg-1) and

significant variation among varieties was observed (Table 10; Fig.5). While the highest arsenic

content was observed in Gontra Bidhan -1(0.98 ± 0.21), the lowest was observed in IET 24177

(0.63 ± 0.19).

Table 1: List of Farmers Participating in the Research Programme of the Project On

“Screening of Low Arsenic Accumulating Rice Varieties and Hybrids for West Bengal"

Sl

No.

Name of the farmer Address Seasons in Which Participated

Kharif

(2015)

Raabi (2016)

1 Ms Gouri Sarkar Ghetugachi, Nadia √ x

2 Surajit Biswas Nonaghata, Nadia √ √

3 Jalaluddin Mondal Dakshin Paanchpota, Nadia √ √

4 Bappa Mondal Dakshin Paanchpota, Nadia √ √

5 Salamuddin Mondal Dakshin Paanchpota, Nadia √ √

6 Adam Mondal Mitrapur, Nadia √ √

7 Tajmira Mondal Dakshin Paanchpota, Nadia √ √

8 Akib Mondal Mitrapur, Nadia X √

9 Atabuddin Mondal Mitrapur, Nadia X √

10 Mabid Mondal Dakshin Paanchpota, Nadia √ √

11 Bhanu Mandal Dhabdhabi, 24 Parganas (South) x √

12 Shankar Mondal Dhabdhabi, 24 Parganas (South) x √

13 Pratap Sardar Dhabdhabi, 24 Parganas (South) x √

14 Konioa Mondal Dhabdhabi, 24 Parganas (South) x √

15 Kshudiram Mondal Dhabdhabi, 24 Parganas (South) x √

16 Bablu Ghosh Dhabdhabi, 24 Parganas (South) x √

17 Sadhan Ghosh Dhabdhabi, 24 Parganas (South) x √

18 Shantanu Ghosh Dhabdhabi, 24 Parganas (South) x √

19 Sukumar Biswas Kaliachak, Malda x √

20 Mamida MOndal Kaliachak, Malda x √

21 Anoara Mondal Kaliachak, Malda x √

22 Babul Akhtar Kaliachak, Malda x √

23 Faraj Bibi Mondal Kaliachak, Malda x √

Page | 17

Table2: Rice Varieties Tested during Kharif Season (2015)

Sl No Variety Sl No Variety

1 Satabdi 11 Ajit

2 IR 64 12 IET 24177

3 IR 36 13 IET 21845 (CN 1794-2)

4 Nayanmoni 14 IET 21261 (CN 1719-1)

5 Lalat 15 CNRH 102

6 Khitish (IET- 4094) 16 CNRH 103

7 Puspa 17 PA 6444

8 PNR 546 18 PA 6129

9 Jaldidhar 13 19 Gotrabidhan – 1

10 Kaushalaya 20 Gotrabidhan - 3

Table 3: Total and extractable arsenic content (mgkg-1) of soil and total arsenic content (mgl-1) of

irrigation water

Location Total As (mg.kg-1 Soil) Extractable As (mg.kg-1 Soil)

Dakshin Paanchpota 20.84 3.95

Nonaghata 20.31 3.42

Mitrapur 26.89 4.18

Ghentugachhi 21.45 2.71

Table 4: Grain yield (t.ha-1) of different rice varieties

Sl.

No

Variety Dakshin

Pancpota

Mitrapu

r

Ghetuga

chi

Nonagha

ta

Chinsura

h

Mean

1 Satabdi 6.15 3.32 3.53 2.22 3.70 3.084

2 IR 64 3.32 3.10 3.63 2.92 4.72 3.998

3 IR 36 4.52 4.26 6.91 3.94 4.67 3.022

4 Nayanmoni 6.47 3.78 4.67 2.54 4.13 2.476

5 Lalat 4.09 3.76 5.89 3.06 4.65 2.832

6 Khitish (IET-4094) 7.36 4.39 6.19 2.01 5.09 3.538

7 Puspa 6.72 4.91 7.51 4.12 4.76 4.71

8 PNR 546 3.32 2.17 2.29 1.95 2.65 4.29

9 Jaldidhar 13 7.76 4.00 5.13 3.07 2.86 4.208

10 Kaushalaya 5.28 3.17 4.76 0.00 4.87 4.86

11 Ajit 4.88 4.12 6.69 2.64 5.20 4.706

12 IET 24177 2.74 2.70 3.37 2.32 4.29 3.616

13 IET 21845 (CN 1794-2) 2.87 3.50 5.76 3.30 4.56 3.925

14 IET 21261 (CN 1719-1) 4.15 3.69 4.89 3.96 4.35 3.784

15 CNRH 102 3.26 2.65 3.69 0.00 5.51 4.318

16 CNRH 103 4.05 4.16 6.08 4.55 - 4.862

17 PA 6444 3.32 2.48 2.99 0.00 5.37 5.604

18 PA 6129 5.54 3.47 3.84 2.85 - 5.008

19 Gotrabidhan -1 7.53 5.00 7.00 4.26 4.72 5.702

20 Gotrabidhan -3 6.57 4.26 4.87 3.95 4.66 4.564

Mean 4.99 3.645 4.98 2.68 4.49

Page | 18

Table 5: Total arsenic content (mgkg-1) of root, shoot, grain and husk in different rice varieties grown in

the experimental plots of Dakshin Paanchpota village of Nadia district

Sl

No

Variety Dakshin Panchpota

Root Shoot Grain Husk

1 Satabdi 29.220 0.769 0.377 0.695

2 IR 64 24.910 0.632 0.331 0.611

3 IR 36 26.800 0.727 0.284 0.926

4 Nayanmoni 31.310 0.914 0.484 0.892

5 Lalat 27.900 1.074 0.425 0.784

6 Khitish (IET-4094) 28.110 0.990 0.430 0.793

7 Puspa 27.250 1.127 0.341 0.629

8 PNR 546 24.560 1.162 0.287 0.673

9 Jaldidhar 13 26.480 0.925 0.403 0.743

10 Kaushalaya 21.190 0.913 0.452 0.834

11 Ajit 20.528 0.849 0.461 0.850

12 IET 24177 29.400 0.626 0.371 0.671

13 IET 21845 (CN 1794-2) 24.910 1.365 0.398 0.734

14 IET 21261 (CN 1719-1) 19.299 0.510 0.302 0.557

15 CNRH 102 29.530 0.845 0.311 0.756

16 CNRH 103 25.000 1.210 0.441 0.814

17 PA 6444 26.720 0.399 0.391 0.721

18 PA 6129 23.330 0.748 0.367 0.791

19 Gotrabidhan -1 28.410 1.877 0.685 1.263

20 Gotrabidhan -3 27.290 1.287 0.461 0.850

Page | 19

Table 6: Total arsenic content (mgkg-1) of root, shoot, grain and husk in different rice varieties

grown in the experimental plots of Ghetugachi village of Nadia district

Sl No Variety Ghetugachi


1 Satabdi 30.68 0.683 0.316 0.743

2 IR 64 22.67 0.798 0.273 0.897

3 IR 36 25.79 1.065 0.364 1.197

4 Nayanmoni 29.29 1.161 0.416 0.910

5 Lalat 29.14 1.242 0.372 0.737

6 Khitish (IET-4094) 27.95 1.142 0.342 0.678

7 Puspa 28.030 1.142 0.296 0.743

8 PNR 546 29.98 1.854 0.357 0.752

9 Jaldidhar 13 29.82 1.435 0.403 0.763

10 Kaushalaya 26.89 0.895 0.232 0.582

11 Ajit 22.385 0.912 0.236 0.593

12 IET 24177 27.79 0.857 0.165 0.348

13 IET 21845 (CN 1794-2) 29.45 1.149 0.432 0.697

14 IET 21261 (CN 1719-1) 19.565 0.516 0.262 0.658

15 CNRH 102 27.2 0.959 0.287 0.569

16 CNRH 103 26.78 1.697 0.508 1.007

17 PA 6444 25.17 1.77 0.472 0.76

18 PA 6129 24.34 1.464 0.321 0.862

19 Gotrabidhan -1 23.91 1.102 0.405 0.808

20 Gotrabidhan -3 29.38 0.799 0.303 0.821

Page | 20


the experimental plots of Mitrapur village of Nadia district

Sl

No

Variety Mitrapur


1 Satabdi 30.270 0.540 0.278 0.771

2 IR 64 29.510 1.037 0.355 1.167

3 IR 36 27.560 0.802 0.299 0.926

4 Nayanmoni 26.980 1.142 0.396 0.866

5 Lalat 20.890 1.593 0.342 0.678

6 Khitish (IET-4094) 26.900 0.933 0.295 0.812

7 Puspa 28.660 1.365 0.328 1.109

8 PNR 546 36.530 1.877 0.395 0.832

9 Jaldidhar 13 27.320 1.146 0.344 0.651

10 Kaushalaya 25.540 0.857 0.509 0.871

11 Ajit 22.017 0.897 0.232 0.584

12 IET 24177 29.340 0.746 0.383 0.783

13 IET 21845 (CN 1794-2) 24.030 0.969 0.364 0.588

14 IET 21261 (CN 1719-1) 23.200 0.612 0.311 0.780

15 CNRH 102 22.890 0.854 0.394 0.732

16 CNRH 103 27.560 1.640 0.429 0.874

17 PA 6444 30.210 0.581 0.567 0.912

18 PA 6129 23.890 1.023 0.262 0.704

19 Gotrabidhan -1 31.120 1.366 0.515 1.027

20 Gotrabidhan -3 33.670 0.854 0.315 0.855

Page | 21


the experimental plots of Nonaghata village of Nadia district

Sl

No

Variety Nonaghata


1 Satabdi 28.990 0.639 0.263 0.728

2 IR 64 20.430 0.821 0.386 0.885

3 IR 36 23.650 0.592 0.237 0.735

4 Nayanmoni 21.650 1.754 0.387 0.886

5 Lalat 25.650 1.547 0.379 0.672

6 Khitish (IET-4094) 25.090 0.784 0.261 0.718

7 Puspa 20.980 0.961 0.487 0.713

8 PNR 546 26.120 0.698 0.353 0.756

9 Jaldidhar 13 23.230 0.827 0.497 0.668

10 Kaushalaya 19.780 0.835 0.439 0.751

11 Ajit 16.755 0.770 0.389 0.569

12 IET 24177 26.790 0.685 0.351 0.717

13 IET 21845 (CN 1794-2) 19.560 0.965 0.363 0.716

14 IET 21261 (CN 1719-1) 18.884 0.610 0.310 0.950

15 CNRH 102 22.760 0.527 0.300 0.557

16 CNRH 103 18.980 1.009 0.279 0.568

17 PA 6444 21.330 0.472 0.482 0.697

18 PA 6129 17.980 0.985 0.573 0.786

19 Gotrabidhan -1 30.450 0.876 0.394 0.834

20 Gotrabidhan -3 24.760 0.722 0.412 0.782

Page | 22

Table 9 : Total arsenic content (mgkg-1) of root, shoot, grain and husk in different rice varieties grown in

the experimental plots of Nadia district (Pooled over varieties)

Sl

No

Locations Total Arsenic Content of Rice Plant (mg.kg-1)


1 Dakshin

Paanchpota

26.11±3.17 0.95±0.34 0.40±0.09 0.78±0.15

2 Mitrapur 26.81±3.00 1.13±0.36 0.34±0.09 0.76±0.18

3 Ghentugachi 27.40±3.97 1.04±0.36 0.36±0.09 0.83±0.16

4 Nonaghata 22.69±3.72 0.85±0.31 0.38±0.09 0.73±0.10

Mean 25.75±3.88 0.99±0.35 0.37±0.09 0.77±0.15

SEM (±) 0.57 0.06 0.02 0.03

LSD (P=0.05) 1.62 0.17 0.05 0.08

Fig.1: Total arsenic content (mgkg-1) in roots of rice in different villages of Nadia district

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Root

As content of Rice Root

Dakshin Paanchpota Mitrapur Ghentugachi Nonaghata

Page | 23


the experimental plots of Nadia district (Pooled over villages)

Sl

No Variety Total Arsenic Content of Rice Plant (mg.kg-1)


1 Satabdi 29.79 ± 0.81a 0.66 ± 0.10ef 0.31 ± 0.05c 0.73 ± 0.03bcd

2 IR 64 24.38 ± 3.88cde 0.82 ± 0.17cdef 0.34 ± 0.05c 0.89 ± 0.23abc

3 IR 36 25.95 ± 1.70abcde 0.80 ± 0.20cdef 0.30 ± 0.05c 0.95 ± 0.19ab

4 Nayanmoni 27.31 ± 4.17abcd 1.24±0.36abc 0.42±0.04abc 0.89±0.02abc

5 Lalat 25.90±3.64abcde 1.36±0.25a 0.38±0.03abc 0.72±0.05cd

6 Khitish (IET-

4094)

27.01±1.39abcd 0.96±0.15abcdef 0.33±0.07c 0.75±0.06bcd

7 Puspa 26.23 ± 3.55abcde 1.15 ± 0.17abcd 0.36 ± 0.08bc 0.80 ± 0.21abcd

8 PNR 546 29.30 ± 5.33a 1.40 ± 0.57a 0.35 ± 0.04bc 0.75 ± 0.06bcd

9 Jaldidhar 13 26.71 ± 2.27abcd 1.08 ± 0.27abcde 0.41 ± 0.06abc 0.71 ± 0.06cd

10 Kaushalaya 23.35 ± 3.40def 0.87 ± 0.04bcdef 0.41 ± 0.12abc 0.76 ± 0.13bcd

11 Ajit 20.421 ± 2.57 f 0.86 ±0.06bcdef 0.33 ±0.11c 0.65 ± 0.13d

12 IET 24177 28.33 ± 1.27abc 0.73 ± 0.10def 0.32 ± 0.10c 0.63 ± 0.19d

13 IET 21845 (CN

1794-2)

24.49 ± 4.05bcde 1.11 ± 0.19abcde 0.39 ± 0.03abc 0.68 ± 0.07cd

14 IET 21261 (CN

1719-1)

20.24 ± 1.99f 0.56 ± 0.06f 0.30 ± 0.02c 0.74 ± 0.17bcd

15 CNRH 102 25.60±3.34abcde 0.80±0.19cdef 0.32±0.05c 0.65±0.10d

16 CNRH 103 24.58±3.88bcde 1.39±0.33a 0.41±0.10abc 0.82±0.18abcd

17 PA 6444 25.86±3.68abcde 0.81±0.65cdef 0.48±0.07abc 0.77±0.10abcd

18 PA 6129 22.39±2.97ef 1.06±0.30abcde 0.38±0.14abc 0.79±0.06abcd

19 Gotrabidhan -1 28.47±3.25abc 1.31±0.43ab 0.50±0.13a 0.98±0.21a

20 Gotrabidhan -3 28.78±3.75ab 0.92±0.25bcdef 0.37±0.08ab 0.83±0.03abcd

Mean 25.75±3.88 0.99±0.35 0.37±0.09 0.77±0.15

SEM (±) 1.28 0.14 0.04 0.07

LSD (P=0.05) 3.62 0.38 0.11 0.18

Page | 24

Fig.2: Total arsenic content (mgkg-1) in shoots of rice in different villages of Nadia district

Fig.3: Total arsenic content (mgkg-1) in grains of rice in different villages of Nadia district

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Dakshin Paanchpota

Mitrapur

Ghentugachi

Nonaghata

Shoot

Shoot

0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.4 0.41

Dakshin Paanchpota

Mitrapur

Ghentugachi

Nonaghata

Grain

Grain

Page | 25

Fig.4: Total arsenic content (mgkg-1) in husk of rice in different villages of Nadia district

Fig.5: Total arsenic content in different parts of plants of different rice varieties in Nadia district

0.68 0.7 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.8 0.82 0.84

Dakshin Paanchpota

Mitrapur

Ghentugachi

Nonaghata

Husk

Husk

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Tota

l As

Co

nte

nt

(mg.

kg-1

) in

ric

e s

ho

ot,

gra

in a

nd

h

usk

Tota

l As

Co

nte

nt

(mg.

kg-1

) in

Ric

e r

oo

t

Rice Varieties

Total arsenic Content (mg.kg-1) in Rice Plant


Page | 26

Rice Varieties Tested during Boro Season (2015-16)

Sl

No

Variety Sl

No

Variety

1 IET- 4786 14 IET - 21261

2 IR-64 15 IET-23429

3 IR-36 16 CNRH- 102 -- HYBRID

4 Nayanmoni 17 CNRH - 103 -HYBRID

5 Lalat 18 PA-6129 - HYBRID

6 Khitish 19 PA - 6444 -- HYBRID

7 Pusa 20 Arise Gold- HYBRID

8 PNR-546 21 NPH- 924-1 -- HYBRID

9 Jaldidhan -13 22 DRRH- 2 - HYBRID

10 WGL-20471 23 PAN --- HYBRID

11 IET-22066 24 PAN-802- HYBRID

12 IET - 24177 25 GS-1

13 IET-21845 26 GS-3

Assets Generated: Equipments /Vehicles/Research facilities created from starting to March 2016:

The existing instruments viz., HPLC Hyphenated ICP-MS, Spectrophotometer, milipore water

Purification System, the online UPS dedicated to ICP-MS, dryers and hotplates; refrigerator and

fridge; and other small equipment and instruments have been operational.

The HPLC part of the ICP-MS is not yet functional and it has to be restored for work as it is

obligatory for performing speciation of arsenic in soil and plant samples.

Infrastructure facilities developed:

Sub-Project Leader and Partners Infrastructure developed

BCKV, Mohanpur and Kalyani Renovation of laboratories

BCKV, Kalyani Renovation of net house

Photographs From the Experimental Fields

Some of the photographs taken in the experimental field during different field operations and

team visits are appended below:

Page | 27

PICTURES of the selected varieties and field layouts (Kharif, 2015)

IET 4786 IR 64

IR 36 NAYANMONI

Page | 28

LALAT KHITISH

PUSPA PNR 546

Page | 29

JALDIDHAN 13 KAUSHALAYA

AJIT IET 24177

Page | 30

IET 21845 IET 21261

CNRH 102 CNRH 103

Page | 31

PA 6444 PA 6129

GB 1 GB3

Page | 32

Visits in AS contaminated farmers field in Nadia district by Mr K Manoharan, Director, Directorate of Jute Development on October

5,2015

Experimental plot of Jallluddin Mondal, Dakshin Paanchpota

Page | 33

Page | 34

Control –seed production plots at RRS, Chinsurah

Page | 35

View At Harvest

Page | 36

Page | 37

Arsenic contaminated field

Arsenic contaminated field

Page | 38

Field visit, Kharif 2015

Page | 39

Boro Rice 2015-16

Page | 40

Boro Rice- 2015-16

Page | 41

Boro Rice -2015-16

Page | 42

Field visit, South 24 Parganas , Boro 2015-16

Page | 43


Page | 44


Conference with Assistant Director of Agriculture, Kaliachak –I , Malda and farmers

Page | 45

Conference with Assistant Director of Agriculture, Kaliachak –I , Malda and farmers

With Assistant Director of Agriculture, Kaliachak –II , Malda and two Krishi

Priyukti Sahayak (KPS)

Page | 46

Field Preparation and Layout at Malda, Boro, 2015-16

Page | 47

Layout of experiment at Malda, Boro, 2015-16

BIDHAN CHANDRA KRISHI VISWAVIDYALAYA

Faculty of Agriculture Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science

Dr. Prasanta Kumar Patra M. Sc. (I.A.R.I.), Ph.D. (I.A.R.I.) Professor

Agricultural Chemistry & Soil Science

___________________________________________________________________________

Residence:

B 11 / 93, Fourth Floor, Mangalik 4B

Kalyani-741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India

Mobile: +919434418580; +919007578684

Email: [email protected];

[email protected]; [email protected]

Formerly Research Fellow,

International Rice Research Institute,

Manila, Philippines

Kalyani 741 235, West Bengal, India

TELEGRAM: KRISHIBIDHAN

Ref: BCKV / NFSM / Budget/ 2015-16/01 Dated: 11.03.2016

To

Dr. D. P. Malik

Additional Commissioner (Crops)

Govt. of India

Ministry of Agriculture

Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (NFSM-Cell)

Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi

Sub: According approval of the list of laboratory equipment with the sanctioned fund

for the first Year (2015-16) under the Research project on “Screening of low

arsenic Accumulating rice varieties and hybrids for West Bengal” – regarding

Ref: F. No. 18-23/2014/NFSM dated 23.04.2015

Dear Dr Malik

Greetings from B C K V!!!

We would like to inform you that the works envisaged in the referred research project are in

progress as planned. We have recruited suitable manpower in all the posts and are conducting

experiments in all the three identified districts viz., Nadia, South 24 Parganas and Malda. The

formalities for procurement of an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer have been completed

and we will place order in next 3-4 days. We have already requested the Comptroller’s

department to arrange for compiling all the expenses incurred and issue Utilization certificate.

While purchasing instruments under this project, we proposed to procure (1) one Atomic

Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) capable of analyzing arsenic in soil and plant sample; (2)

one laptop and one desk top computer for data management and (3) Grain hulling and Polishing

machine and we also proposed a budget of Rs 5.00 lakh with an outlay of Rs.46.50 lakh.

With the advancement in technology in AAS we could save some money by choosing the most

appropriate attachments and now we propose to replace some of the instruments which were

purchased 7-8 years ago with this saved fund. In doing so we need to have the list approved by

the DAC and I would request you kindly permit us to procure the instruments and equipment

listed below within the approved budget of Rs.43.50 lakhs.

Annexure -I

mailto:[email protected]


BIDHAN CHANDRA KRISHI VISWAVIDYALAYA

Faculty of Agriculture Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science

Dr. Prasanta Kumar Patra M. Sc. (I.A.R.I.), Ph.D. (I.A.R.I.) Professor

Agricultural Chemistry & Soil Science

___________________________________________________________________________

Residence:

B 11 / 93, Fourth Floor, Mangalik 4B

Kalyani-741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India

Mobile: +919434418580; +919007578684

Email: [email protected];

[email protected]; [email protected]

Formerly Research Fellow,

International Rice Research Institute,

Manila, Philippines

Kalyani 741 235, West Bengal, India

TELEGRAM: KRISHIBIDHAN

List of equipment proposed:

1. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer – one

2. Laptop computer- one

3. Desktop computer – one

4. Rice grain huller and polisher – one

5. pH and ion and conductivity meter (Combined) (with provision of using ion selective

electrodes in future) – one

6. Centrifuge (for regular common use) – one

7. UV-Visible Spectrophotometer – one

8. Precision balance – one

Equipment listed in Sl no. 1-4 were originally propose in the submitted research project and the

rest are being proposed now. We have been asked by our university administration to have the

approval from your end before we could proceed for purchase of the instruments which were not

proposed in our submitted research proposal.

We would request you to kindly accord your approval on the list of equipment now being

proposed.

Thanking you and with warm regards

Yours faithfully,

(Prasanta Kumar Patra)

Principal Investigator,

Research Project on

“Screening of low arsenic Accumulating rice varieties and hybrids for West Bengal”



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