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8/10/2019 Intermediate Wholesale Electricity Markets: Unit Commitment
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J U N E 3 5 , 2 0 1 4 | N O R T H A M P T O N , M A
Unit Commitment & Dis atch
Intermediate Wholesale Electricity Markets (WEM 201)
Ron CoutuS T R A T E G I C M A R K E T A D V I S O R ,
B U S I N E S S A R C H I T E C T U R E & T E C H N O L O G Y
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Intr cti n
Name
Company
How long have you been in your job and the electric industry?
2
8/10/2019 Intermediate Wholesale Electricity Markets: Unit Commitment
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ctiv
Provide an understandin of how Unit Commitment UC and
Economic Dispatch works Objectives
Process
Factors impacting Unit Commitment How Unit Commitment impacts Economic Dispatch
I am always ready to learn, although I do not always like being taught.~Winston Churchill
3
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T ic C v r
Three rimar res onsibilities of ISO New En land ISO
What is Unit Commitment?
Fullday actual market example
Commitment?
4
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THREE PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITIES OFISO NEW ENGLAND
8/10/2019 Intermediate Wholesale Electricity Markets: Unit Commitment
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Thr Primar R n i iliti f IS
O erate Mana e New En lands Develo and mana e New England's
Bulk Electric
Power System
Wholesale Electricity Marketplace
Ensure a fair and
long term planning process in
New England Dispatch New Englands resources as a single system to:
Maintain reliability throughoutthe region
Minimize cost of electricity
reasonable marketplace
production in New England Adhere to national, regional, and local operating procedures and policies
6
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A licati n f IS R n i iliti Minimize cost of electricit roduction in New En land
ISO shall determine the least cost security constrained unit commitment and dispatch Least cost means of serving load at different locations in the
New England Control Area based on: Scheduled or actual conditions existing on the power grid
energy in the New England Markets (Market Rule 1)
7
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WHAT IS UNIT COMMITMENT?
8/10/2019 Intermediate Wholesale Electricity Markets: Unit Commitment
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What i nit C mmitm nt? Decision makin rocess
On/Off scheduling for a defined period
England well before markets (part of the implementation of
NEPOOL in the 70s) Techniques and tools for Unit Commitment have changed and
been updated over the years This trainin is not focused on the techni ues for solvin the Unit
Commitment problem, complex mathematical techniques are used to quickly solve these large problems
9
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WHAT IS THE OBJECTIVE?
8/10/2019 Intermediate Wholesale Electricity Markets: Unit Commitment
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What i th ctiv f nit C mmitm nt? With demand biddin the ob ective is to maximize
social welfare
Without any demand bidding, the objective is to minimizethe overall committed cost of the resources needed to meet the load and reserve requirements
n o cases, a es n o accoun a o e cos s o producing the energy, including no load costs and startup costs At the same time, UC respects each Resources characterist ics
such as minimum up time, minimum down time
11
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Param t r in nit C mmitm nt Incremental ener offer curves
Startup costs $ (hot, cold, and intermediate) Costs incurred per startup of the resource ype o s ar s ase upon num er o ours own s nce prev ous run
No load costs $ Fixed cost that is incurred ever hour the resource is runnin
Minimum Run Time (in hours or fractions of hours)
Economic Minimum and Economic Maximum
12
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Basic Terms and ConceptsUnit Commitment & Dispatch
Pool Schedule (ISO Committed)
Action b the ISO to schedule a resource
Self Schedule (Self Committed)
Action of a Partici ant in committin for which the Participant submitted supply offers to sell energy
ISO can schedule these resources in the DA Market as well as commit them to provide
and/or scheduling its resource, to provide service in an hour, whether or not in the
absence of
that
action
the
resource
would
have been scheduled or dis atched b the
energy in the RT dispatch ISO to provide the service
13
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H w D llar Val Im act nit C mmitm nt Total production cost ($)
Fixed costs (not dependent on loading level), if unit is on cost is incurred
Startup costs are included in the cost calculation for ever start based on hot cold and intermediate) of the unit
No load costs are included in the cost
calculation for
every
hour
the
unit
is
on
line
Based on the hourly economic dispatched MWh needed from each resource to meet the demand
Minimizing the total of the fixed and incremental costs is the basic objective
14
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Im act f Tim Data n nit C mmitm nt Generall classified as intertem oral arameters
When a unit
is
committed,
it must run for at least this
When a unit
is
decommitted,
it must sta down for at least
many hours before beingshut down
this many hours before starting up again
15
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Gra hical R r ntati n f nit C mmitm nt Notification Time
Minimum Run
Time
Minimum Down Time
What do these terms mean?
Minimum Minimum
Release for Dispatch at
EcoMin
Release for shutdown at
EcoMin
Release for Dispatch at
EcoMin
Run Time Down TimeEcoMinoutput (MW)
Start upTime (C,I,H)
Notification Time (C,I,H)
Generator Generator Generator
16
start up order issued by ISO
connects to grid at 0MW
ramps to EcoMin
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Im rtant Fact r W Hav L arn S Far Ob ective function of minimizin costs
Factors that impact the objective function
Self Scheduled (Self Committed) Pool Scheduled (Pool Committed)
nter tempora m ts w on y ma e t e na so ut on more expensive
, any one hour may have a higher cost than its minimum
17
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FULLDAY ACTUAL MARKET EXAMPLE
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F llDa Act al Mark t Exam l Actual roblem that must be solved b ISO New En land is
usually around
10
50
resources
needing
to
be
committed
per hour for all 24 hours of a day
Obviously trying every possible combination is not possible given the time limits (it would take a day to run a day)
er ma ema ca ec n ques are use o e erm nea solution
19
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Ma r Cla ificati n f G n rat r
Peaking
Intermediate
Base-load
Mid
20
ternoon
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C mmitm nt Sch l ratin Plan Commitment software determines which enerators are
scheduled to
run
for
which
hours
Only an on/off schedule, the MW levels are not used In the DayAhead Market, we run the commitment schedule
through a dispatch
algorithm
to
determine
loading
levels
and
eman c ear ng as we as na cos s an s
In the RealTime, the commitment schedule (also known as
times for resources; actual dispatch of those resources is done on a fiveminute basis
21
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F ll Da Exam l Da Ah a Mark t 25000
Virtual Su l
20000
(Between 500 2200 MW each hour)
15000r ua
Supply
Economic
Cleared MW
Economically Committed Resources (Between 1432 each hour)
5000
10000 SS ClearedMW
Self Scheduled Resources (About 120)
0 1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9 1 3
22
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Ec n micall C mmitt R rc 9000
Top Line Represents the Why is this gap
7000
8000 um o t e conom c Maximums of the
Economically Committed Resources
needed?
4000
5000
EconomicNonDispatch MW
EconomicDispatched MW
2000
3000Economic Min
0
1000
23
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Actual Commitment ScheduleEconomically Committed Resources (32 Resources)Unit
Name
Min
Run
Min
Down 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
P 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Y 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
AA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0U 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0B 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
N 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0O 8 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1S 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
T 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0DD 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Q 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
I 14 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H 16 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1V 15 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
F 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1R 13 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0G 16 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
J 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1K 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
C 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1D 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1M 12 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
E 12 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1BB 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1CC 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
24
A 24 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1L 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1EE 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 = Off for this Hour 1 = On for this Hour
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F c n Ba l a C mmitt R rc
Unit
Name
Min
Run
Min
Down 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
P 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0X 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
Y 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
AA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0U 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0B 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0N 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
S 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0T 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
DD 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Q 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0I 14 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
H 16 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
These Resources have a
8/10/2019 Intermediate Wholesale Electricity Markets: Unit Commitment
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Ec n micall C mmitt R rc
Unit
Name
Min
Run
Min
Down 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
P 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Y 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
AA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0U 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0B 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
N 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0O 8 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1S 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
T 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0DD 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Q 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
I 14 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H 16 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
These Resources have not run for Hour 24, which means that if they will need to meet
Minimum Down Time next Day before running again
V 15 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
F 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1R 13 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0G 16 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
J 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1K 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
C 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1D 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1M 12 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
E 12 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1BB 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1CC 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
27
A 24 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1L 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1EE 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 = Off for this Hour 1 = On for this Hour
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Long Minimum Run Times / Minimum own mes
A sin le da unit commitment can onl take into account that days needs, but from a next day reliability perspective can we turn every unit off at hour 23?
What if
we
cannot
meet
the
next
morning
load?
28
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N xt Da C mmitt R rcU n itN a m e M in R u n
M in
D o w n 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4
P 1 0 .2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0X 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
Z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0A A 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0U 8 4 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1B 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0N 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0O 8 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0S 1 2 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1T 1 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0D D 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Q 1 3 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0I 1 4 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0H 1 6 6 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
F 6 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0R 1 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1G 1 6 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0J 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1K 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1F F 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1C 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
D 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1M 1 2 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1E 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1B B 1 4 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1C C 1 4 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Units R and G met their Minimum Down Time. What about Unit V?
L 2 4 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1E E 2 4 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
290 = Off for this Hour 1 = On for this Hour
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Startin Stat f r H r 1 f nit C mmitm nt
Each dail Unit Commitment must start with a status for each resource from the previous day On or Off How man hours in that state?
This status is based on two values: The previous days DayAhead Market Unit Commitment ny c anges ma e o e urren pera ng an urren
Commitment Schedule) by the RAA process or by the Participant Self Scheduling additional or decommiting additional hours by the
30
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Dail C clin C mmitt R rc
Unit
Name
Min
Run
Min
Down 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
P 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0X 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
Y 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
AA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0U 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0B 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0N 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
S 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0T 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
DD 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Q 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0I 14 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
H 16 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
F 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
R 13 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0G 16 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0J 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
K 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1FF 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
These Resources have 8 to 12 hour minimum runsand total min. run + min. down < 24 these
resources generally have the ability to come onC 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
D 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1M 12 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1E 12 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1BB 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1CC 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
or one per o a ay pea
31
L 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1EE 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 = Off for this Hour 1 = On for this Hour
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C mmitt P akin R rc
Unit
Name
Min
Run
Min
Down 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
P 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0X 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
Y 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
AA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0U 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0B 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0N 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
S 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0T 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
DD 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Q 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0I 14 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
H 16 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
ea ng esources our or ess Min. run and Min. Down
F 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
R 13 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0G 16 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0J 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
K 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1FF 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1C 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
D 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1M 12 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1E 12 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1BB 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1CC 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
32
L 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1EE 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 = Off for this Hour 1 = On for this Hour
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Ec n micall C mmitt R rc
8000
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA BB CC DD EE FF
6000
7000
Same Approximate Load; Different Commitments
4000
5000
3000
1000
33
0
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
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Comparison of Committed ResourcesHours 12 and 22Unit
Name
Min
Run
Min
Down 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
P 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Y 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
AA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0U 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0B 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
N 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0O 8 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1S 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
T 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0DD 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Q 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
I 14 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H 16 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1V 15 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
F 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1R 13 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0G 16 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
J 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1K 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1LMP in 22 ~ $3 less than LMP in 12C 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1D 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1M 12 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
E 12 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1BB 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1CC 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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A 24 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1L 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1EE 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 = Off for this Hour 1 = On for this Hour
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Limit En r R rc an C mmitm nt
Resources with limited amount of ener as ex ressed b the quantity submitted by the resource owner, are used by the Commitment to optimize the overall cost of the daily dispatch
These Resources may or may not be used in the most expensive hours of the day (or those with the highest LMPs)
since the commitment is usin this resource in con unction with other resources towards the overall objective
Will not optimize the profit of that generator but will optimize
the impact on the objective function
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Comparison of Committed ResourcesHours 12 and 22Unit
Name
Min
Run
Min
Down 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
P 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Y 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
AA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0U 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0B 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
N 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0O 8 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1S 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
T 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0DD 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Q 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
I 14 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H 16 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1V 15 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
F 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1R 13 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0G 16 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
J 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1K 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
What if this Resource had only 6 hours of full output available?
C 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1D 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1M 12 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
E 12 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1BB 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1CC 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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A 24 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1L 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1EE 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 = Off for this Hour 1 = On for this Hour
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ECONOMIC DISPATCHHow is Dis atch Im acted b Unit Commitment?
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C mmitm nt Im act n Ec n mic Di atch
Economic Dis atch is the least cost usa e of the committed generators to meet the demand
Economic Dispatch does not have to adhere to inter temporal parameters, since commitment has adheredto them
o n e ay ea an ea me ar e s, e se o resources are committed to maximize the social welfare
(not the commitment)
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Actual Commitment ScheduleDispatchable Resources (32 Resources)Unit
Name
Min
Run
Min
Down 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
P 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Y 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
AA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0U 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0B 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0N 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0O 8 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1S 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0T 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0DD 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Q 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
I 14 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
V 15 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0F 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1R 13 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0G 16 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0J 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1K 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1FF 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
C 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1D 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1M 12 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1E 12 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1BB 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
ac o t e comm tte resources w nee to e economically dispatched between the resources
minimum and maximum every hour
39
A 24 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1L 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1EE 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 = Off for this Hour 1 = On for this Hour
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Di atch G n rati n25000
20000
Gap
15000
M
W h Total
Capability
Dispatched
Dispatched Generation
5000
Generation
CommittedGen. Min
Minimum of Committed Generators(SS and Economic)
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hour
40
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Wra
C r ctiv
Provide an understandin of how Unit Commitment and Dispatch works Objectives
Process
Factors impacting Unit Commitment
How Unit Commitment impacts Dispatch
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