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WHAT IS?
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HISTORY
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PHILIPPE LEBON
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REV. W. CECIL
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WILLIAM
BARNETT
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tienne Lenoir
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Nicolaus August Otto
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Rudolf Diesel
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Main components of theinternal combustion
engine
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CamshaftCylinderHead
Valves Cylinders
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Block or Monoblock piston
crankshaft Crankcase
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Assembly of the main parts of aninternal combustion engine
In the next picture can be seen as theyare assembled each of the parts of aninternal combustion engine.
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0peration of an internal
combustion engine
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The engine is the mechanism which converts the chemical energy of
fuels into mechanical energy by means of explosion generated insideit. There are 2-stroke and 4-stroke. 4 stroke engines are the mostcurrently used in vehicles.
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Differences betweenOtto and diesel cycle
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In Otto cycle to avoid detonation, it is ensured at any time duringthe loading occurs by compression ignition in diesel engines,however, it is producing, as soon as possible.
In Otto cycle increasing compression ratio on the danger ofdetonation, in the Diesel engine diminishes, because increasing the
temperature of the compression end, the ignition delay decreases.
Diesel engines require much air for combustion to compensate thepoor mixing conditions and within certain limits as combustion isbetter the higher the air excess fuel
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First time: AdmissionAt this time the intake valve is open and the piston, in your career
or downward movement is creating a vacuum within thecombustion chamber as it reaches the PMI (bottom dead center).
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Second time : Compression
Once the piston reaches BDC (bottom dead center), the cam shaft,which rotates synchronously with the crankshaft and which hasremained open until the moment the inlet valve to allow the air-fuelmixture enters the cylinder, closes.
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Third time: ExplosionOnce the cylinder reaches TDC (top dead center) and the air-fuel
mixture has reached the maximum compression, an electricalspark jumps the spark plug electrode, which ignites the mixtureand make it explode.
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Fourth time: EscapeThe piston, which is now back in the PMI occurred after the time of
explosion, begins to rise. The cam shaft, which is kept rotatingsynchronously with the crankshaft then opens the exhaust valveand the gas accumulated in the cylinder to the atmosphere leaving.
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ENGINE TYPES
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Otto engine
There are two types of4T and 2T. Have anaverage yield of 20 to25%.
Operation:1.- Time of admission.2.- Time Compression.3.- Burning time.
4.- Exhaust time.
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DIESEL ENGINE
Its combustion isat constantvolume.
The majority are4T cycle, Thebigs engines are
of 2T.
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Wankel engine
Uses atriangular-loberotor in an
oval-shapedchamberinstead of apiston andcylinder.
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Engine 4 cylinder
Mountedlongitudinally ortransversely, withvertical cylinders
and pistons, oreven partiallyinclined orhorizontal. Is theconfiguration
used in most carsup to 2.2 liters.
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Engine 6 Cylinder
6 cylinders are intwo banks ofthree cylinders
each. These atthe bottom,forming a "V.
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Engine V12
Has two banks ofsix cylinders eachwith characterand commoncrankshaft. withan aperture of 60and 120 between
them.
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Additional Systems
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Cooling system
We find two common types of coolingsystems:
Air cooling
Water cooling
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Air cooling system
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Applications
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Water cooling system
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Electric system
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Fuel InjectionFuel system
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2T
Motors
Smallest Size
Application onsmall thinks
4TMotors
More usedMore powerfulthan T2
DieselMotors
More powerHeavyMachines
WankelMotors
RotatorySlow vibrationShort Duration
Type ofMotors
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Outboard Motor Motorcycles and Go-Kars
Gardening Tools
Application of 2T Motor
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Cars and Trucks Electric Generators
Big size Motorcycles
Application of 4T Motor
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Heavy Machine Heavy Trucks
Boats Agricultural Machinery
Application of Motor Diesel
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Mazda Car Prototype Motorcycle
Prototype car
Application of Wankel Motor
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Thank you !