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Internal Parasites of Internal Parasites of LivestockLivestockInternal Parasites of Internal Parasites of LivestockLivestock
Internal Parasites of Internal Parasites of LivestockLivestockInternal Parasites of Internal Parasites of LivestockLivestockInternal Parasites: live within the
internal organs of livestock◦They are not visible◦Effects on the host may be visible
Divided into three groups◦Roundworms◦Tapeworms◦Flukes
RoundwormsRoundwormsRoundwormsRoundwormsMost important from economic
standpointMany different typesAffect almost every type of
livestock
Stomach WormsStomach Worms(Roundworm)(Roundworm)Stomach WormsStomach Worms(Roundworm)(Roundworm)
Host: Every species of livestock
Life Cycle: ◦ Adults live in stomach wall.◦ Eggs pass from host and hatch into
larvae◦ Larvae are eaten by animal and travel
to stomach where they mature.
Stomach WormsStomach Worms(Roundworm)(Roundworm)Stomach WormsStomach Worms(Roundworm)(Roundworm)
Damage:◦ Penetrate
stomach lining◦ Reduce digestion
of nutrients◦ Young
undernourished animals are hit the hardest
Symptoms◦ Anemia- paleness
of gums and white of eyes
◦ Dull hair coat◦ Scours◦ Severe infestation
can cause weight loss and death
StrongylesStrongyles(Roundworm)(Roundworm)StrongylesStrongyles(Roundworm)(Roundworm)
Host: All species of livestock◦ Cattle & horse
can build up immunity by ages 4 or 5
Life Cycle:◦ Adult is attached to
lining of intestines◦ Eggs pass from
host◦ Larvae attach to
grass and are eaten by animal
◦ Pass through stomach and attach to intestinal wall
StrongylesStrongyles(Roundworm)(Roundworm)StrongylesStrongyles(Roundworm)(Roundworm)
Damage:◦ Most detrimental◦ Anemia◦ Scar tissue
reduces digestion of nutrients
◦ Major cause of Colic in horses
◦ Poor feed conversion
Symptoms◦ Anemia◦ Weight Loss◦ Scouring◦ Loss of appetite◦ Prostration◦ Rough hair coat
AscaridsAscarids(Roundworm)(Roundworm)AscaridsAscarids(Roundworm)(Roundworm)
Largest of round worms◦Can reach 8 to 15 inches in length
Mainly affects younger animalsHost: primarily cattle, sheep,
hogs, and horses
AscaridsAscarids(Roundworm)(Roundworm)AscaridsAscarids(Roundworm)(Roundworm)
Life Cycle:◦Eggs passed in feces contaminate
pastures◦Animals ingest ◦Larvae burrow into wall of intestine ◦Migrate to liver, heart, and lungs◦Animal coughs up eggs and are
swallowed◦Reach intestines a 2nd time and
develop into adult stage
AscaridsAscarids(Roundworms)(Roundworms)AscaridsAscarids(Roundworms)(Roundworms)
Damage:◦ Develop
pneumonia◦ Weight loss◦ Lung damage◦ Colic in horses
Symptoms◦ Weight loss◦ Dull hair coat◦ Colic
PinwormsPinworms(Roundworms)(Roundworms)PinwormsPinworms(Roundworms)(Roundworms)
Small and found in colon or rectum of horses
Host: mainly horses, but can be found in other livestock species.
PinwormsPinworms(Roundworms)(Roundworms)PinwormsPinworms(Roundworms)(Roundworms)
Life cycle: ◦Adult females lay eggs around the
anus of horse◦Eggs drop off and contaminate
pastures, stables, watering and feeding area
◦Eggs are ingested by animal◦Pass to colon and rectum and
mature
PinwormsPinworms(Roundworms)(Roundworms)PinwormsPinworms(Roundworms)(Roundworms)
Damage:◦ Minor damage is
caused◦ Cause irritation
around the tail
Symptoms:◦ Tail rubbing◦ White scales
deposits are visible around anus
HabronemaHabronema(Roundworm)(Roundworm)HabronemaHabronema(Roundworm)(Roundworm)
Affects host in two stagesHost: Horse is major host
◦House fly is intermediate host
HabronemaHabronema(Roundworm)(Roundworm)HabronemaHabronema(Roundworm)(Roundworm)
Life Cycle:◦Adult stage is found in stomach ◦Larvae is passed which is ingested
by house fly◦House fly deposits eggs on lips of
horse◦Horse swallows eggs and they
mature in horses stomach
HabronemaHabronema(Roundworm)(Roundworm)HabronemaHabronema(Roundworm)(Roundworm)
Damage:◦ Summer sores
can form if larvae are deposited in open wounds
◦ Disfigure horses◦ Hard to heal
Symptoms:◦ Presence of
summer sores◦ Excessive tearing
and running of eyes
◦ Open sores
LungwormsLungworms(Roundworms)(Roundworms)LungwormsLungworms(Roundworms)(Roundworms)
Affect circulatory system & lungsHost: All species of livestock
LungwormsLungworms(Roundworms)(Roundworms)LungwormsLungworms(Roundworms)(Roundworms)
Life Cycle:◦ Eggs laid in lungs of animals◦ Coughed up & swallowed◦ Eggs hatch in stomach and larvae are
passed◦ Develop in moist earth or water◦ Ingested by animal◦ Burrow into lymph nodes and are carried to
lungs where they mature
LungwormsLungworms(Roundworms)(Roundworms)LungwormsLungworms(Roundworms)(Roundworms)
Damage:◦ Mechanical
blockage of lungs◦ Collapse of
infected area◦ Blockage of
windpipe and bronchea
Symptoms:◦ Coughing◦ Fast or forceful
breathing◦ Fever◦ Animal reluctant
to move◦ Goes off of feed
and water
TapewormsTapewormsTapewormsTapewormsLess important than roundworms
3 species of tapeworms◦Broad tapeworm◦Beef tapeworm◦Pork tapeworm
Broad TapewormBroad TapewormBroad TapewormBroad TapewormHost: All classes
of livestock and also in man
Reach up to 10 feet in length
Life Cycle:◦ Adult lives in
small intestine◦ Segments
containing eggs break off and pass out of animal
◦ Eggs are eaten by oribated mite
◦ Mites are eaten by host and eggs hatch in small intestine
Broad TapewormBroad TapewormBroad TapewormBroad TapewormDamage:
◦ No physical damage
◦ Tapeworm is in competition with animal for food.
Symptoms◦ Weight loss◦ Diarrhea◦ emaciation
Both are similar and almost identical
Host: ◦Beef tapeworm- cattle and man◦Pork tapeworm- swine and man◦Man is necessary intermediate host
Reach 5 feet in length
Beef and Pork TapewormBeef and Pork TapewormBeef and Pork TapewormBeef and Pork TapewormLife Cycle:
◦ Adult lives only in man◦ Eggs contaminate the feed of animal
through human contact◦ Animal ingests feed and eggs pass to
intestinal wall◦ Larvae lodge in some muscle causing a
cyst◦ Passed back to man when infected meat is
eaten
Beef and Pork TapewormBeef and Pork TapewormBeef and Pork TapewormBeef and Pork TapewormDamage:
◦ Little economic damage to cattle
◦ Causes mealy beef
Symptoms:◦ No visible
symptoms except when animal is slaughtered
FlukesFlukesFlukesFlukesSeveral speciesLiver Fluke is the most important
Liver FlukeLiver FlukeLiver FlukeLiver FlukeHost:
◦Parasite of cattle, sheep, goats, and man
◦Damaging to young animals
Liver FlukeLiver FlukeLiver FlukeLiver FlukeLife Cycle:
◦ Adult lives in bile ducts◦ Eggs passed into intestines and passed
out◦ Eggs must be in water to hatch◦ Larvae hatch and seek a snail◦ Larvae develops on snail and then attaches
to a plant◦ Animals ingest infected plant◦ Flukes pass to intestines and burrow
through abdominal cavity to the lungs.
Liver FlukesLiver FlukesLiver FlukesLiver FlukesDamage:
◦ Irritation and thickening of bile duct
◦ Fibrosis of the liver
Symptoms:◦ Anemia◦ Weight loss◦ Death if not
treated.
TomorrowTomorrowTomorrowTomorrowWe will go over control methods
of internal parasites.