© Genève Tourisme
Ozone & Related Oxidants: Solutions for Emerging Pollutants
of Concern
to the Water and the Environment
International Conference April 28 - 30, 2010 - Geneva,
Switzerland
Organised by European African Asian Australasian Group EA3G of
the International Ozone Association IOA
Hosted by Services Industriels de Genève SIG
With the support of
INTE
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IONA
L CO
NFER
ENCE
www ibgrombach.com:IBG LTD Consulting Engineers Water
Specialists
PROGRAMME BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
© Genève Tourisme
Ozone & Related Oxidants:
Solutions for Emerging Pollutants of Concern
to the Water and the Environment
International Conference
April 28 - 30, 2010 - Geneva, Switzerland
Organised by
European African Asian Australasian Group EA3G
of the International Ozone Association IOA
Hosted by Services Industriels de Genève SIG
With the support of
www
ibgrombach.com
:
IBG LTD
Consulting Engineers
Water Specialists
PROGRAMME BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
WELCOME ADDRESS
It is a great pleasure to welcome the International Conference
on Ozone & Related Oxidants: Solutions for Emerging Pollutants
of Concern to the Water and the Environment in Geneva, Switzerland.
This event continues a long series of successful conferences
organised to provide an international forum for all concerned with
fundamental, engineering and applied aspects of oxidation
techniques involving ozone and related oxidants. It is organised by
the European African Asian Australasian Group of the International
Ozone Association and hosted by the Services Industriels de
Genève.
Health risks associated with contaminated water and wastewater,
continuous degradation of aquatic environment and water scarcity
issues are contributing to the growth of the use of advanced
technologies driven by legislative impetus. Emerging pollutants of
concern include pharmaceuticals, endocrine-disrupting compounds,
surfactants, plasticizers, disinfection by-products and other
chemicals. The removal of these compounds will drive the selection
of water and wastewater treatment processes in the very next
future. This event will provide an overview of the current state of
knowledge and latest advances regarding the use of Ozone and
Related Oxidants for providing solutions for the control of
emerging parameters including persistent organic pollutants,
hazardous substances and microbiological contaminants in any water.
The topics of interest connected to the Conference theme include
but are not limited to the combinations of:
• Drinking water production
• Process water production
• Wastewater treatment
• Full treatment line
• Disinfection
• Ozone oxidation
• Oxidation processes
• Synergy effects
• Microorganisms
• Persistent pollutants
• By-products
• Toxicity
• Reactions, kinetics
• Hydrodynamics, mass transfer
• System design, process
• Applications, case studies
The Organizer and the Host
The International Ozone Association is a non-profit organization
dedicated to the development of educational and scientific
activities to respond at the best to the needs of industry and
research community in the field of ozone and derived oxidants.
The Association operates through three Regional Groups. The EA3G
Group manages membership and develop activities in Europe, Africa,
Asia and Australasia.
Since its foundation in 1973, the IOA is at the forefront in
connecting professionals around the globe involved and interested
in ozone-related issues including scientists, researchers,
engineers, system designers, technologists, equipment
manufacturers, consultants, users and members of governmental
agencies.
Typical topics covered in the activities program are ozone
generation, secondary oxidant generation, gas mass transfer,
chemical reactions of ozone in gas and liquid phases, engineering
aspects, water treatment for disinfection and pollutants removal,
oxidation for food processing, for pulp bleaching, for products
manufacture and conditioning, development of analytical procedures
and materials, development of equipments for ozone use, development
and applications of advanced oxidation processes, safety and health
effects.
SIG (Services Industriels de Genève) is an autonomous public
company duly incorporated under the public laws of the canton of
Geneva, Switzerland. SIG is responsible, in the canton of Geneva,
for the distribution of public utilities, in particular drinking
water, natural gas, electricity and thermic energy as well as for
the treatment of waste and waste water. SIG is also active in
telecommunication’s field (fiber optical network).
As a provider of public utilities, SIG has acquired thorough
knowledge and full control of all subsoil and aerial networks
enabling it to provide energy and fluids throughout the canton of
Geneva to the end-user.
For more information, please visit www.ioa-ea3g.org.
For more information, please visit www.sig-ge.ch.
Committees
> Programme Committee:
S. Baig (France), A. Bin (Poland), S. Brosillon (France), M.A.
Chapgier (France), E. Chauveheid (Belgium), H. Debellefontaine
(France), Z. Do-Quang (France), J.P. Duguet (France), S. Esplugas
(Spain), N. Graham (UK), N. Karpel vel Leitner (France), J.
Kruithof (The Netherlands), F. Martin (France), M. Orta de
Velasquez (Mexico), A. Ried (Germany), M. Roustan (France), G.
Sant’Anna (Brazil), M. Sievers (Germany), H. Suty (France), U. Von
Gunten (Switzerland)
> Organising Committee:
Z. Do-Quang (France), A. Lasalmonie (France), P.A. Liechti
(Switzerland), F. Mauvais (France)
SPECIAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS
The success in the organization of this event results from the
strong involvement of many individuals and from the generous
contributions of corporate sponsors.
The Organizers would like herewith to acknowledge the support
given by the following partners:
· SIG
General Sponsoring, Conference Host
www.sig-ge.ch
· Ozonia (Switzerland)
Gold Sponsoring, Exhibitor
http://www.degremont-technologies.com
· Wedeco – ITT (Germany)
Gold Sponsoring, Exhibitor
http://www.wedeco.com - http://www.ittind.com
· Veolia Environnement (France)
Bag Sponsoring
http://www.veolia.com
· IBG (Switzerland)
Bag Sponsoring
http://www.ibgrombach.com
www
ibgrombach.com
:
IBG LTD
Consulting Engineers
Water Specialists
IBG LTD Consulting Engineers Water Specialists
· Airsep Corporation (USA)
Exhibitor
http://www.airsepcpd.com
· Ozono Elettronica Internazionale (Italy)
Exhibitor
http://www.ozono.it
GENERAL INFORMATION
> Language
The official language will be English. A service of
English-French translation will be provided.
> Conference venue
The Conference venue will be SIG, Services Industriels de
Genève, Chemin du Château-Bloch 2, Le Lignon.
Access: Bus 27 and 51 - stop SIG Lignon / Bus 7 and 23 - stop
Grand-Champ
Official website of the Geneva Tourism and Convention Bureau
www.geneve-tourisme.ch
> Registration categories
There are 5 categories of registration and associated fees as
follows:
• IOA or VSA Member – Full registration
• Non-member – Full registration
• IOA or VSA Member Student – Full registration
• Non-member Student – Full registration
• Conference dinner
The registration fee will cover scientific and technical
sessions, book of abstracts, electronic proceedings, lunches and
refreshment breaks. A special discount rate is available for IOA
members. Valid student ID is required for student registration.
Additional registration is required for the Conference dinner.
> Registration desk
It will be opened during the conference as follow:
• Wednesday, April 28
13:30 – 19:00
• Thursday, April 29
8:30 – 18:30
• Friday, April 30
8:30 – 13:00
> Badges
The wearing of a badge is compulsory inside SIG building. They
are necessary to access all scientific sessions.
> Coffee breaks
Complimentary coffee and drinks will be available at the
scheduled break time.
> Lunch breaks
Each day, lunch will be offered in the same building as the
conference.
> Liability and insurance
Registration for the Conference implies that the delegate agrees
that neither the Organizers assume any liability whatsoever.
Delegates are requested to make their own arrangements for medical,
travel and personal insurance.
> Disclaimer
The Organizers may at any time, with or without giving notice,
in their absolute discretion and without giving any reason, change
the Conference programme and withdraw any invitation to attend. In
any case, neither the organizers nor any of their officers
employees, agents, members or representatives shall be liable for
any loss, liability, damage or expense suffered or incurred by any
person, nor will they return any money paid to them in connection
with the Conference unless they are satisfied not only that the
money in question remains under their control, but also that the
person who paid it has been unfairly prejudiced (as to which the
decision shall be in their sole and unfettered discretion, and when
announced, final and conclusive).
GENERAL PROGRAMME
The three-day conference will feature scientific and technical
presentations, poster presentations with introduction platform,
discussions and networking opportunities. Near 50 presentations
were selected by the Programme Committee and arranged according to
the following sessions:
Wednesday 28 April
11h00
Registration
13h30
Exhibition Opening
13h30-14h30
Introductory Conferences
14h30-15h30
Session 1. Emerging pollutants
15h30-16h00
Coffee break
16h00-17h20
Session 1. Emerging pollutants (Cont’d)
17h20-19h00
Session 2. Poster session: oral introduction and
presentation
Thursday 29 April
8h30-10h10
Session 3. Emerging pollutants
10h10-10h45
Coffee break
10h45-13h00
Session 4. Poster session: oral introduction and
presentation
13h00-14h30
Lunch
14h30-16h30
Session 5. Fundamentals and Process
16h30-17h00
Coffee break
17h00-18h30
Session 6. Poster session: oral introduction and
presentation
20h00
Conference dinner - Restaurant « Edelweiss »
Friday 30 April
8h30-10h30
Session 7. Case studies in full scale plants
10h30-11h00
Coffee break
11h00-12h00
Session 7. Case studies in full scale plants (Cont’d)
12h00-13h00
Open discussion and Conference conclusions
13h00
Lunch
> Publications and scientific awards
To encourage young researchers, the Programme Committee will
select and award a prize to the best paper presented by a doctorate
student during the Conference. All accepted papers will be printed
in the conference proceedings that will be handed out to
participants at registration. After the conference, the editors of
the Ozone: Science & Engineering Journal will make the final
selection among the papers presented for possible publication in
this IOA peer-reviewed journal.
> Conference dinner (special registration required): Thursday
29th April, 20h00
The restaurant Edelweiss is an authentic chalet in the heart of
the city where Swiss cuisine is served to the sound of the live
yodelling.
For an unforgettable evening
City centre, just steps away from the lake
Hôtel Edelweiss - 2 place de la Navigation - CH-1201 Genève
Phone +41 22 544 51 51
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRAMME
Wednesday 28th April 2010
13h30-14h30
INTRODUCTORY CONFERENCES
13h30-13h50
Conference opening
Z. Do Quang, IOA-EA3G President (France)
13h50-14h10
Challenges in water treatment
M. Roustan, S. Baig (France)
14h10-14h30
Swiss regulation project for treatment of secundary urban WWTP
effluents
J.L. Walther (Switzerland)
14h30-17h15
SESSION 1. EMERGING POLLUTANTS
14h30-14h50
1.1 Oxidative treatment of organic contaminants Diclofenac,
Iopamidol, Tri-n-butyltin chloride, Tris-(2-chloroisopropyl)
Phosphate and Tri-n-butyl Phosphate in wastewater ffluents with
ozone and Ozone/Hydrogen peroxide
M.M. Sein, A. Golloch, T. Schmidt (Germany)
14h50-15h10
1.2 Occurrence and treatment of Tetracycline and
Sulfonamide antibiotics in manure
A. Karci, H.M. Otker Uslu, I.A. Balcioglu (Turkey)
15h10-15h30
1.3 Ozone and Persulphate oxidation of Oxytetracycline
antibiotic on spent Bentonite
S.A. Ozbarli, A. Karci, A. Erdinc, I.A. Balcioglu (Turkey)
15h30-16h00
Coffee break
16h00-16h20
1.4 Degradation of an iodinated contrast agent by catalytic
ozonation in aqueous solution
G. Abdelli, Q. Minh Bui, N. Karpel Vel Leitner (France)
16h20-16h40
1.5 Elimination of Amoxicillin and its antibacterial
activity by UV/H2O2 process
J.W. Kang, Y. Jung, W. Kim (Republic of Korea)
16h40–17h00
1.6 Ozonation of Ibuprofen in the presence of iron
species
N. Sabri, K.Hanna, V.Yargeau (Canada, France)
17h00-17h20
Changement salle
17h15-19h00
SESSION 2. POSTER SESSION
17h15
2.1 Evaluation of estrogenic activity in environmental
waters from Guandu River (Brazil) and estrogenicity removal by
ozonation and chlorination
A.C. V. Dias, D.M. Bila, F.W. Gomes, C.F. Melo, M. Dezotti
(Brazil)
17h20
2.2 Methanol decomposition in aqueous solution by simple
ozonation and the combination of ozone/activated carbon
I. Fuentes C., T. Poznyak, J.L. Rodríguez S. (Mexico)
17h25
2.3 Abatement of surface waters pollutants by coupling
gliding electric discharges and cheap dispersed catalyst
E. Njoyim Buleng, S. Laminsi, P. Ghogomu, J.L. Brisset
(Cameroon, France)
17h30
2.4 Decomposition of detergents in industrial wastewater by
AOP in flow systems
L. Kos, J. Perkowski, R. ZyŁŁa (Poland)
17h35
2.5 Application of Fenton-based processes in different
combinations for food-processing wastewater treatment
N. Dulova, M. Trapido (Estonia)
17h40
2.6 Combined physicochemical treatment of textile and mixed
industrial wastewater
A. Dulov, N. Dulova, M. Trapido (Estonia)
17h45
2.7 Ozonation of a pretreated landfill leachate: Evaluation
of recalcitrance removal
P. Van Aken, N. Lambert, J. Luyten, J. Degreve, S. Liers
(Belgium)
17h50-19h00
Poster presentation
Thursday 29th April 2010
8h30-10h10
SESSION 3. EMERGING POLLUTANTS
8h30-8h50
3.1 Chemical and toxicological identification of
by-products during oxidative waste water treatment
J. Tuerk, A. Boergers, J. Richard, E. Dopp, M. Wolff, N. Janzen,
M. Tavian, X. Chen, K. Bester (Germany, Denmark)
8h50-9h10
3.2 Removal of Levofloxacin by ozonation and
photocatalysis
D. Nasuhoglu, A. Rodayan, D. Berk, V. Yargeau (Canada)
9h10-9h30
3.3 Evaluation of ozone for removal of potential endocrine
disruptors from urban wastewater effluents using small model
organisms
L. CASTILLO, D. DU PASQUIER, K.SERIKI, F. MARTIN, S. MATEOS, S.
PALLUD-MOTHRÉ, A. SEBILLOT, G.F. LEMKINE, B.A. DEMENEIX
(France)
9h30-9h50
3.4 The Effect of ozone on the biodegradability of
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX)
S. Larcher, V. Yargeau (Canada)
9h50-10h10
Discussion
10h10-10h45
Coffee break
10h45-13h00
SESSION 4. POSTER SESSION
10h45
4.1 Unstationary film model for complex reaction mechanism.
Parameter identification and sensitivity analysis in ozone
reactions
S.C. Cardona, F. López, A. Abad, J. Navarro-Laboulais
(Spain)
10h50
4.2 Combined phenol and acetate degradation by O3/UV in two
different reactor configurations
W. Van de Moortel, K. Van Eyck, S. Liers, J. Degreve, J. Luyten
(Belgium)
10h55
4.3 Reconstruction of dynamics variables for the
biodegradation of pre-ozonated chlorophenols in aqueous
solution
P. Guerra, A. García, T. Poznyak, I. Chairez, A. Poznyak, E. I.
García, I. Fuentes (Mexico)
11h00
4.4 Ozonation of TiO2, SiO2, and Al2O3 in aqueous
solution
J.L. Rodríguez S., T. Poznyak, M.A. Valenzuela (Mexico)
11h05
4.5 Influence of chemical surface characteristics of
natural zeolite on catalytic ozone abatement
H. Valdés, E. Padilla, C.A. Zaror (Chile)
11h10
4.6 Application of AOP for cleaning of industrial water
generated in wet dedusting of top gases
M. Czaplicka, R. Kurowskia (Poland)
11h15
4.7 Ozone generated by electrolytic means as an alternative
to chlorine-based sanitizers in food safety applications
B. Yost (USA)
11h20
4.8 Luminotox: an effective tool for wastewater treatment
management
F. Bellemare, L. Lorrain, N. Boucher (Canada)
11h25-13h00
Poster presentation
13h00-14h30
Lunch
14h30-16h30
SESSION 5. FUNDAMENTALS AND PROCESS
14h30-14h50
5.1 Chemical properties and environmental applications of
reactive species formed in electrical discharges
J.L. Brisset, D. Moussa, E. Hnatiuc (France, Romania)
14h50-15h10
5.2 Determination of absolute kinetic rate constants in
ozonation reactions using an unstationary film model. Ozonation of
azo-compounds
S.C. Cardona, F. López, A. Abad, A. García-Blanquer, J.
Navarro-Laboulais (Spain)
15h10-15h30
5.3 Oil-Refinery wastewater treatment aiming reuse by
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) combined with Biological
Activated Carbon (BAC)
G.L. Sant’Anna Jr., B.M. Souza, A.C. Cerqueira, M. Dezotti
(Brazil)
15h30-15h50
5.4 Removal of bio-recalcitrant compounds with a hybrid
ozone/activated carbon process applied to an industrial
effluent
T. MERLE, J.S. PIC, M.H. MANERO, H. DEBELLEFONTAINE (France)
15h50-16h10
5.5 Aeration, oxidation and filtration for natural
pollutants removal from groundwater
R. Munter, M. Trapido, Y. Veressinina, L. Lumiste, J. Sutt, P.
Tonisson, T. Eensalu, T. Kivimae (Estonia)
16h10-16h30
5.6 Influence of EfOM on the oxidation of atrazine by ozone
and UV/H2O2 in secondary effluents
S. Pereira, R.F. Dantas, S. Esplugas, Ca. Sans, M. Dezotti
(Brazil, Spain)
16h30-17h00
Coffee break
17h00-18h30
SESSION 6. POSTER SESSION
17h00
6.1 Analysis on the natural organic matter (NOM) and
disinfection by-products in full-scale advanced water treatment
plant and conventional water treatment plant
J.C. Jeon, C.H. Jo, I. Choi, T.M. Hwang, Y. Choung (Republic of
Korea)
17h05
6.2 A case study on automatic ozone dose control system
based on ozone consumption rate in a full scale advanced water
treatment plant
J.C. Jeon, C.H. Jo, K.H. Lee, T.M. Hwang, Y. Choung (Republic of
Korea)
17h10
6.3 Enhanced inactivation and DBPs Control by sequential
disinfection using ozone/chlorine or chlorine dioxide/chlorine
T.M. Hwang, S.H. Nam, W.B. Go, S. Lee, M. Cho, J.H. Kim
(Republic of Korea, USA)
17h15
6.4 Control strategy for an ozonation plant for tertiary
effluent with UV/Vis-spectrometry
H. Schaar, S. Winkler, E. Saracevic, R. Hofstädter, N.
Kreuzinger (Austria)
17h20
6.5 Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) - Comparison of
different treatment scenarios based on processes combining Ozone,
UV and Hydrogen Peroxide
A. Ried, A. Wieland, J. Mielcke, D. Rohring (Germany)
17h25
6.6 Case-Study of ozonation step at the Dongguan Drinking
Water plant by means of inhomogeneous feed gas plasma processing
ozone synthesis
F. Krogh, H.P. Schiller, B. Paolini, A. Freilich, J. Lopes
(Switzerland, USA)
17h30
6.7 In-situ chemical oxidation with ozone in gas phase:
lesson learnt from the first Italian full-scale application
E. Crescini, L. Amighetti, A. Guerini, G. Riva, F. Dallera
(Italia)
17h30-18h30
Poster presentation
Friday 30th April 2010
8h30-10h30
SESSION 7. CASE STUDIES IN FULL SCALE PLANTS
8h30-8h50
7.1 Ozonation of tertiary effluent at the Clark County
Water Reclamation District Advanced Water Treatment Facility
M.A. Oneby, M.G. Priest, J.H. Borchardt (USA)
8h50-9h10
7.2 Ozone for tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater –
Experiences from the first full scale plant in Germany
P. Jagemann, S. Lyko, A. Ried, A. Wieland (Germany)
9h10-9h30
7.3 Ozone disinfection of urban wastewater at full scale –
Impact on persistent pollutants
S. Baig, J.M. Choubert, S. Martin Ruel, M. Esperanza, H.
Budzinski, C. Miege, M. Coquery (France)
9h30-9h50
7.4 Ozone: a wastewater disinfectant of the future
G. Gesuale, P.A. Liechti, M. Fournier, P. Payment, C. Gagnon, R.
Hausler (Canada, Switzerland)
9h50-10h10
7.5 Modelling on-site ozonation units. A case study on
Annet-sur-Marne Water Works
P. Mandel, M. Maurel, C. Lemoine, P. Roche, D. Wolbert
(France)
10h10-10h30
Discussion
10h30-11h00
Coffee break
11h00-11h20
7.6 Assessment and modeling of a full-scale ozonation step
of municipal secondary wastewater effluent
S.G. Zimmermann, M. Wittenwiler, J. Hollender, M. Krauss, S.
Koepke, E. Salhi, F. Hammes, E. Gansner, M. Koch, C. Ort, H.R.
Siegrist, U. von Gunten (Switzerland)
11h20-11h40
7.7 Impact of ozonation on the genotoxic activity of
tertiary treated municipal wastewater
M. Mišík, F. Ferk, S. Knasmueller, M. Cichna-Markl, T. Grummt,
H. Schaar, N. Kreuzinger (Austria, Germany)
11h40-12h00
7.8 Potential of ozone for the removal of hazardous
micropollutants and related changes in dissolved organic matter
composition in a municipal biotreated effluent
B. Domenjoud, N. Cortés, J. Caixach, S. Esplugas, S. Baig
(Spain, France)
12h00-13h00
OPEN DISCUSSION and CONFERENCE CONCLUSIONS
13h00-14h30
Lunch
ABSTRACTS OF PRESENTATIONS
INTRODUCTORY CONFERENCES
Conference opening
Z. Do Quang, IOA-EA3G President (France)
Challenges in water treatment
M. Roustan, S. Baig (France)
Swiss regulation project for treatment of secundary urban WWTP
effluents
J.L. Walther (Switzerland)
SESSION 1. EMERGING POLLUTANTS
1.1 Oxidative treatment of organic contaminants Diclofenac,
Iopamidol, Tri-n-butyltin chloride, Tris-(2-chloroisopropyl)
Phosphate and Tri-n-butyl Phosphate in wastewater effluents with
ozone and Ozone/Hydrogen peroxide
M.M. Sein, A. Golloch, T. Schmidt (Germany)
The oxidative degradation of problematic organic contaminants in
wastewater such as diclofenac, iopamidol, tri-n-butyltin chloride
(TBTCl), tris- (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tri-n-butyl
phosphate (TnBP) in O3 reaction as well as in the combination of O3
+ H2O2 (peroxone process) in pilot plant scale is shown. The
parameters influencing the removal efficiency of these substances
such as ozone concentration, H2O2 concentration based on water
matrix in secondary wastewater effluent with the initial DOC (DOC0)
of ~11 mg/L are discussed. The applied ozone concentration was
controlled till the dissolved ozone concentration reached to 0.5 –
2 mg O3/mg DOC0 in the absence and presence of H2O2 in the range of
H2O2/O3 0.5 – 2 mg/mg at different O3 doses. The specific O3
consumption was monitored and the degradation of investigated
substances was determined. Degradation of the probe compounds
differs from one substance to another under the experimental
conditions. Diclofenac contains an amine group in addition to an
activated aromatic ring which could lead to a successful
elimination by O3 as well as by peroxone process, whereas iopamidol
which possesses an aromatic ring with electron withdrawing iodine
substituents in the molecule is less efficiently degraded by the
same O3 dose of 1 mg/mg DOC0. But, the elimination efficiency is
increased by increasing O3 dose (2 mg/mg DOC0). Like these aromatic
contaminants, the degradation of aliphatic organic contaminants
TBTCl, TCPP and TnBP in wastewater effluent is not markedly
enhanced by the addition of H2O2 but is improved by increasing O3
concentration. The elimination is in the order of
TnBP>TCPP>TBTCl.
1.2 Occurrence and treatment of Tetracycline and Sulfonamide
antibiotics in manure
A. Karci, H.M. Otker Uslu, I.A. Balcioglu (Turkey)
The residues of the tetracycline (TC) and sulphonamide (SA)
antibacterial agents have been investigated in eight animal manure
and nine agricultural soil samples collected from three different
regions and nine different agricultural fields in Marmara Region,
Turkey in order to characterize antibiotic pollution in animal
manure and their fate in the soil. The results indicated that at
least one antimicrobial compound was detected in all the
agricultural soil and animal manure samples. Detection frequency
and concentration of antibiotics in poultry manures were in general
higher than those in the cattle manure. Higher concentrations of
antibacterial agents in animal manure revealed the special
importance of the treatment of animal manure before its disposal
for the protection of public health. Therefore, simultaneous
degradation of oxytetracycline (OTC) and sulfamethazine (SMZ)
antibacterials in synthetically contaminated cattle manure (20 mg
antibacterials kg-1 manure (dry weight)) in the presence and
absence of bedding was investigated by the application of ozone,
Fenton, and persulfate oxidation processes. Bedding materials,
zeolite and sawdust, had no significant effect on the removal of
OTC and SMZ from the manure by means of oxidation processes. More
than 94 % antibacterial removal was obtained for all matrices.
1.3 Ozone and Persulphate oxidation of Oxytetracycline
Antibiotic on spent bentonite
S.A. Ozbarli, A. Karci, A. Erdinc, I.A. Balcioglu (Turkey)
The performance of ozone and persulphate oxidation of
oxytetracycline (OTC) antibiotic on spent bentonite was
investigated and the effects of pH, oxidant dose, and temperature
for both processes were enlightened. The experimental design and
the evaluation of the results were accomplished with the help of
statistical software. For persulphate oxidation of OTC, the
multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA)
showed that pH (pH=4,6 and 8) and temperature (T=25,35 and 45°C)
have linear effects on the degradation yield of OTC while oxidant
dose (CNa2S2O8=0.125, 0.250, and 0.5 mM) have a combined effect
together with temperature. In case of ozone oxidation, 32 general
factorial design indicated that pH (pH=3, 6, and 8), ozone dose(CO3
=8.6, 17 .3, and 26 mg ml-1 and the combined effect of pH and the
combined effect of pH and oxidant dose affected the treatment
efficiency. While the application of ozone oxidation at optimal
conditions which were pH 8 and 26 mg applied ozone /ml slurry
removed more than 90% of the adsorbed OTC onto bentonite,
persulphate oxidation provided 88% OTC degradation with 0.5 mM
oxidant dose at 25°C and pH 4 which were defined as optimum values.
An increase in the OTC amount from 115 mg l-1 to 460 mg l-1 on
bentonite resulted in a decrease in the efficiency of ozone from
about 90% to 72% at pH8 and within 10 min treatment period. In
overall OTC removal using ozone was greater than persulphate
oxidation under the investigated experimental conditions
1.4 Degradation of an iodinated contrast agent by catalytic
ozonation in aqueous solution
G. Abdelli, Q. Minh Bui, N. Karpel Vel Leitner (France)
The aim of this work is to study the activity of a catalyst
powder during the ozonation of aqueous solution of the molecule
model (Iohexol). For that purpose, a study of the oxidation of
Iohexol by catalytic ozonation and its kinetics in acid and free pH
was led.
The results obtained for the oxidation showed that the
degradation of this compound in acid pH by the catalytic ozonation
is better than by ozonation. The elimination of Iohexol in the
presence of scavenger of hydroxyl radical (tert-Butanol) can result
from a mechanism of oxidation by the entities leading to the
decomposition of the molecular ozone on the surface of the
catalyst. The kinetic values obtained by the oxidation of Iohexol
in a batch reactor illustrates the influence of the concentration
of the molecule, the small influence of the mass of the catalyst
and the impact of a high concentration of dissolved ozone. At free
pH, in the O3/cata process, the elimination of Iohexol is lower
than that of acidic pH. Kinetic decreases when the mass of catalyst
increases. These observations can be explained by a smaller
concentration of ozone available for activation of the catalyst. An
identification of by-products of oxidation in catalytic ozonation
versus ozonation was determined.
1.5 Elimination of amoxicillin and its antibacterial activity by
UV/H2O2 process
J.W. Kang, Y. Jung, W. Kim (Republic of Korea)
The degradation of amoxicillin (AM), widely used β-lactams
antibiotic, and changes of antibacterial activity in the treated
solution were investigated via direct photolysis and UV/H2O2
advanced oxidation processes with low-pressure UV lamp (254 nm).
The degradation rate of amoxicillin in both processes showed pseudo
first-order kinetics and the rates were increased with increasing
H2O2 addition up to six-fold, compared to direct photolysis.
However, low mineralization was achieved in both processes showing
max. 50% of TOC removal in UV/H2O2 with 10 mM H2O2 addition after
80 min reaction time. The intermediates formed during the
degradation of amoxicillin in UV and UV/H2O2 processes were
identified by LC-IT-TOF analysis. In addition, microbial growth
inhibition bioassays were performed to determine the loss of
antibacterial activity in the treated solution. As a result,
although increment of antibacterial activity in UV/H2O2 treated
samples was observed compared to the untreated sample, for time
based comparison, UV/H2O2 process eliminated effectively
amoxicillin molecules and its antibacterial potency.
1.6 Ozonation of Ibuprofen in the presence of iron species
N. Sabri, K.Hanna, V.Yargeau (Canada, France)
Ibuprofen (IBP) is a non steroidal anti inflammatory drug which
is produced in hundreds of tons world wide each year. Considering
the persistence of ibuprofen in the environment and in engineered
systems, this study focused on the removal mechanisms of IBP by two
oxidants; ozone (O3) and sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) in the
presence of iron species: soluble Fe (II) and iron mixed oxide. The
degradation of IBP (28% by O3 alone) decreased in the presence of
iron species. This may be explained by the interactions of O3 with
dissolved iron or iron mineral which were indirectly responsible
for the depletion of ozone. The removal of IBP was dependant on the
initial ozone concentration. Several degradation products were
detected as new peaks on the liquid chromatogram. However there was
one peak which appeared when only Fe II was used, indicating a
different degradation mechanism. For comparison, the effect of
persulfate on IBP was also investigated. In the presence of Fe II,
the persulfate anion (S2O8-2) is activated to form the sulfate
radical (SO4- .) which has a higher oxidation potential (Eo = 2.4V)
compared to the persulfate anion (Eo = 2.01 V). Unlike ozone,
persulfate alone did not yield any removal but in the presence of
Fe II 64% removal was observed.
SESSION 2. POSTER SESSION
2.1 Evaluation of estrogenic activity in environmental
waters from Guandu River (Brazil) and estrogenicity removal by
ozonation and chlorination
A.C. V. Dias, D.M. Bila, F.W. Gomes, C.F. Melo, M. Dezotti
(Brazil)
Human activities are responsible for introducing contaminants
into the environmental waters that can interfere with the
functioning of the endocrine system of organisms exposed to them.
Some of these endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC) have estrogenic
activity because of their ability to mimic estrogenic hormones such
as 17-estradiol (E2). In this work, the YES assay was employed to
determine estrogenic activity in both raw water samples taken from
Guandu river and tap water processed by Guandu Water Treatment
Plant (GWTP, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), and evaluate the
EA removal of the Guandu river waters spiked with 17-estradiol
(E2), 17-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and Bisphenol A (BPA) by processes
used in Brazilian water treatment plants and by ozonation, in bench
scale. Less than 10% of Guandu river samples have presented values
of EEQ higher than 1 ng/L and only one tap water sample has
presented detectable value of estrogenic activity (i.e. 0.8 ng/L in
EEQ). Besides, comparison between estrogenic activity results of
raw water samples and of tap water samples collected in 2008 shows
that the conventional treatment used in the GWTP (consisting of
coagulation, flocculation, vertical sedimentation, rapid sand
filtration and disinfection by chlorine) reduced the estrogenicity
of Guandu river to values below the detection limit of the YES
assay. However, it is necessary to assess estrogenic activity by in
vivo assay to confirm the good quality of drinking water processed
by GWTP in terms of biological activity generated by presence of
estrogens. The EA removal efficiencies of spiked raw waters by
primary treatment were low (7-33%). The reduction of estrogenic
response was observed during both oxidative processes studied in
this work, and elimination of the estrogenic activity to below the
limit of detection was obtained at 1 mgO3/L and at 1.5 mgCl2/L
(doses typically applied in drinking water treatment). The combined
O3/Cl2 process effectively removed the estrogenic activity in
spiked Guandu river samples; therefore estrogenic by-products have
not been formed, or they were transformed in secondary sub-products
weakly estrogenic. This result suggests that dosage of chlorine may
be reduced by combination with ozone, with the objective of
reducing the generation of organochlorine compounds while
estrogenic activity is eliminated.
2.2 Methanol decomposition in aqueous solution by simple
ozonation and the combination of ozone/activated carbon
I. Fuentes C., T. Poznyak, J.L. Rodríguez S. (Mexico)
Methanol is widely use for production of many important organic
compounds like Metil-Tert-Butil-Éter (MTBE), formaldehyde, acetic
acid, just for mention some examples. It is also use as solvent in
products including paints, antifreeze solution, among others.
Currently, its application is focus on the production of
alternative fuels reason why its potential release to the
environmental has increased. In this work the methanol
decomposition in aqueous solution (126.4 g L-1) by ozone in
presence or absence of activated carbon were realized at neutral
pH. Methanol was selected as a model organic compound due to its
low reaction rate constant with ozone (k = 0. 02 M-1 s-1). The
comparison between conventional ozonation (40 mg L-1) and ozonation
in presence of activated carbon (1.5 g L-1) indicate that the
contribution by activated carbon could significantly improve
methanol degradation.
2.3 Abatement of surface waters pollutants by coupling gliding
electric discharges and cheap dispersed catalyst
E. Njoyim Buleng, S. Laminsi, P. Ghogomu, J.L. Brisset
(Cameroon, France)
The increasing need in high quality water requires developing
new techniques for pollutant elimination. The question is specially
acute for developing countries where suitable networks of sewage
systems are not fully available. Industrial and domestic waste
waters are often released in brooks without purification or
treatment, and later used for watering crops, so that they may be a
serious source of public health problems. The authorities of these
countries are thus looking for new efficient and cheap techniques
for pollutant abatement: the gliding electric discharges proved to
be efficacious for the purpose and even for spent solvent removal
and micro-organisms inactivation. This study reports on coupling
the discharge with incorporation of a cheap catalyst. The proposed
device uses humid air as the working gas and useless finely
powdered oyster shells (OS) which fix pollutants by adsorption and
were successful for cleaning sea water in marine farms.
2.4 Decomposition of detergents in industrial wastewater by AOP
in flow systems
L. Kos, J. Perkowski, R. ZyŁŁa (Poland)
AOP’s are applied successfully in wastewater treatment and water
conditioning. From the technology point of view, one of the most
important issues is a possibility to carry out processes in
continuous systems in the flow reactors. Results obtained in this
way enable a realistic assessment of the use of these solutions in
a pilot scale. Our studies of these subjects covered investigations
of advanced oxidation of detergents in industrial wastewater with
the use of ozone, hydrogen peroxide, UV and ionizing radiation, in
the flow systems taking into account specific features of
subsequent versions. The aim of these studies was to compare
results of detergent decomposition in the applied versions and also
in the flow systems compared to stationary systems. The radiation
processes proceeded with high efficiency in all stationary and flow
systems which we tested. The best results of detergent
decomposition were achieved in the samples exposed to simultaneous
radiation and ozonation. The ozonation carried out both in the flow
systems (radiation reactor and AOP) and in the stationary system
showed that much better decomposition efficiency could be achieved
in the flow systems, which was a result of a very good use of ozone
and chain reactions.
2.5 Application of Fenton-based processes in different
combinations for food-processing wastewater treatment
N. Dulova, M. Trapido (Estonia)
Depending on the process type and raw materials involved various
types of wastewater are discharged from food industry. In the
present study the feasibility of Fenton-based treatment, as a part
of combined treatment schemes, to degrade high organic content, to
eliminate suspended solids, and to improve the overall quality of
food-processing wastewater from the plant producing ready-cooked
food and edible cereal products, pasta, vegetables and fruits was
assessed. Fenton´s oxidation step used in all treatment schemes
enabled to improve significantly the quality of effluent enabling
additional 62÷75 % and 53÷63 % reduction of COD and DOC,
respectively, when the H2O2/COD w/w ratio of 2:1 was used.
Analyzing the results of different treatment schemes used it was
concluded that the combination of pre-sedimentation and the Fenton
treatment process with lime post-coagulation proved the most
effective in organic pollutants degradation and biodegradability
improvement.
2.6 Combined physicochemical treatment of textile and mixed
industrial wastewater
A. Dulov, N. Dulova, M. Trapido (Estonia)
Wastewater derived from textile factory and industrial park were
subjected to treatment with ferric chloride coagulation, ozonation,
ferric chloride pre-coagulation/Fenton-based process/lime
post-coagulation, Fenton-based process/lime post-coagulation, and
ferric chloride pre-coagulation/ozonation. Schemes with
Fenton-based process proved the most efficient for both wastewater
samples treatment. The characteristics of wastewater samples
treated by Fenton-based process at H2O2/COD weight ratio 0.5:1
complied with the discharge limits stated by regulations for
wastewater directed to local sewerage. Fenton-based process/lime
post-coagulation scheme proved more efficient than ferric chloride
pre-coagulation/Fenton-based process/lime post-coagulation system.
The increase of H2O2/COD weight ratio to 2:1 resulted in 5 and 10%
of residual COD and DOC, respectively. All studied processes and
combined physicochemical treatment schemes, except single
ozonation, resulted in toxicity reduction and biodegradability
improvement in both wastewater samples. The operational costs of
applied treatment schemes were calculated and indicated
Fenton-based process schemes as the most feasible and
cost-effective.
2.7 Ozonation of a pretreated landfill leachate: Evaluation of
recalcitrance removal
P. Van Aken, N. Lambert, J. Luyten, J. Degreve, S. Liers
(Belgium)
The sanitary landfill method for the ultimate disposal of solid
waste material continues to be widely accepted and used due to its
economic advantages. However, water infiltrates through the solid
waste and a variety of organic and inorganic pollutants will be
dissolved and transported. These leachates may contain large
amounts of organic matter, as well as ammonia-nitrogen, heavy
metals, chlorinated organic and inorganic salts. The removal of
organic material is usual the prerequisite before discharging the
leachates into natural waters. In the search for an efficient
method for the recalcitrance removal of organic matter from
landfill leachates, ozone-based processes with or without UV
radiation and/or iron catalyst were studied. These treatments were
compared with Fenton oxidation as a reference technique. The
investigated leachate was pretreated by a biological process
combined with ultrafiltration. A certain amount of refractory
compounds remains present in the leachate. Based on the results,
the contribution of the UV radiation and the iron catalyst is
discussed. At lower ozone dosages, the partial oxidation efficiency
is reduced compared to ozonation only and therefore, a better
mineralisation of the organic matter is achieved. Finally, the best
results are obtained by the Fenton oxidation, however, due to foam
formation the treatment of the leachate at low pH values is not
recommended.
SESSION 3. EMERGING POLLUTANTS
3.1 Chemical and toxicological identification of by-products
during oxidative waste water treatment
J. Tuerk, A. Boergers, J. Richard, E. Dopp, M. Wolff, N. Janzen,
M. Tavian, X. Chen, K. Bester (Germany, Denmark)
Increasing concentrations of micro pollutants can be detected in
effluents of waste water treatment plants and various surface water
bodies. In some cases the entry has lead to direct effects (toxic,
carcinogenic or endocrine) on the aquatic environment. However the
regulations of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) require
a “good” chemical and biological status for all water bodies until
2015.
Various organic substances can be removed from waste water by
advanced oxidation processes (AOP). The occurrence of toxic
transformation products is likely due to reactions between used
oxidants and compounds still present in the water after treatment
processes. These reactions may alter the toxicological properties
of a substance. Therefore this study was designed to characterise
the unchanged substance and its oxidation by-products by means of
toxicity.
3.2 Removal of Levofloxacin by ozonation and photocatalysis
D. Nasuhoglu, A. Rodayan, D. Berk, V. Yargeau (Canada)
Removal of the fluoroquinolone levofloxacin (LEVO) was studied
in two advanced oxidation processes: photocatalysis and ozonation.
For photocatalytic experiments a batch reactor with immersed UVC
lamp was employed and titanium dioxide (TiO2) was used as the
catalyst. For ozone experiments a bubble column was used. Ozonation
experiments resulted in quick removal of LEVO with half-life time
of 6 seconds. Removal of LEVO by the photocatalytic process was
slower than that of ozonation; however complete removal was
achieved after 120 minutes of irradiation. COD removal was used as
an indication of extent of mineralization. Maximum COD removals of
59 % and 70 % were measured for ozonation and photocatalysis,
respectively. Extensive treatment with ozone did not result in
further reduction in COD levels reaching a plateau at the above
mentioned value; however increased irradiation time led to
increased COD removal. Residual antibacterial activity during both
treatments was measured by agar diffusion tests with Escherichia
coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Both treatment methods proved to
be effective ways of removing antibacterial activity. From agar
diffusion test with E. coli, it was observed that a transferred
ozone dose of at least 27.5 mg/L and 240 minutes of irradiation
were enough to completely remove antibacterial activity. E. coli
showed bigger inhibition zone diameters, thus was deemed to be more
sensitive towards presence of LEVO.
3.3 Evaluation of ozone for removal of potential endocrine
disruptors from urban wastewater effluents using small model
organisms
L. CASTILLO, D. DU PASQUIER, K.SERIKI, F. MARTIN, S. MATEOS, S.
PALLUD-MOTHRÉ, A. SEBILLOT, G.F. LEMKINE, B.A. DEMENEIX
(France)
Wastewater treatment plants rates of removal of endocrine
disruptor compounds (EDCs), such as hormones or alklyphenols, are
usually higher than 90 %. These removal rates suggest a reduction
of eventual effects of endocrine disruptors on aquatic animals.
However In some cases, it is necessary to introduce additional,
advanced treatment technologies, like chemical oxidation using
ozone in order to protect surface and coastal waters. The
objectives of this work were to evaluate firstly the removal of
hormones after a tertiary wastewater treatment with ozone and
secondly by the use of small model organisms, the removal of
endocrine disrupting effects after this same tertiary treatment.
The ozonation process showed a high efficiency of hormone removal,
of above 78 % as determined by assays for 17(-ethynylestradiol
(EE2), 17(-estradiol (E2), and estrone (E1). Fluorescent Xenopus
laevis tadpoles, bearing genetic constructs integrating hormonal
responsive elements, were used to detect potential disruption of
thyroid and estrogenic functions caused by ozonated wastewater
treatment plant effluent. Under our experimental conditions, the
ozone treatment leads to an improvement in the quality of
water.
3.4 The Effect of ozone on the biodegradability of
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX)
S. Larcher, V. Yargeau (Canada)
The presence of antbiotic compounds in the environment resulting
from widespread use and disposal has become a growing concern due
to the potential development of antibacterial resistances in the
environment and in biological wastewater treatment (activated
sludge). The estimated antibiotic consumption worldwide ranges from
100,000 to 200,000 tons annually, and due to excretion and
disposal, up to g/L levels have been detected in wastewater. The
synthetic compound sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is one of the most
commonly used antibiotics, and has been frequently detected in
wastewaters and surface waters. Research has focused on optimizing
the removal of SMX and other antibiotics during wastewater
treatment using methods such as advanced oxidation using ozone (O3)
due to its fast reaction and the resulting increase in
biodegradability (estimated by the ratio of BOD5:COD). In this
study a mixture of five different bacteria (P. aeruginosa, P.
putida, R. equi, R. erythropolis, and R. rhodocrous) commonly found
in activated sludge during wastewater treatment were used to
investigate the biodegradation of SMX (with and without glucose
present); the results show that a low dose of pre-ozone treatment
(0.5 mg/L O3) significantly increases the biological SMX removal
(up to 59%). Thus, O3 pre-treatment may potentially be a successful
method to increase the biological removal of compounds that
experience high reactivity with ozone, such as SMX.
SESSION 4. POSTER SESSION
4.1 Unstationary film model for complex reaction mechanism.
Parameter identification and sensitivity analysis in ozone
reactions
S.C. Cardona, F. López, A. Abad, J. Navarro-Laboulais
(Spain)
The aim of this work is the theoretical analysis of an
unstationary film model for complex chemical mechanisms. The model
includes a microscopic description of the interface where a complex
chemical mechanism is coupled with the macroscopic description of
the reactor. First, the relevant parameters of the model are
identified after the numerical simplification of the original
mathematical model using the method of lines (MOL) [2]. It can be
demonstrated that if the chemical reaction mechanism at the
interface involves M different chemical species, the unstationary
film model can be reduced to a minimum set of M (N+1) + 1 Ordinary
Differential Equations, where N is the number of slices used in the
discretization of the interface used in MOL. After the parameter
identification, the relative sensitivity of each parameter to the
macroscopic observable variables should be evaluated depending on
the relative kinetic constant rates in the mechanism. This analysis
allows the reduction of the number of identifiable parameters to a
set of relevant parameters to simplify the subsequent optimization
process.
4.2 Combined phenol and acetate degradation by O3/UV in two
different reactor configurations
W. Van de Moortel, K. Van Eyck, S. Liers, J. Degreve, J. Luyten
(Belgium)
Aromatic compounds, such as phenol, are widely used in various
industries and can cause serial environmental damage when present
in natural waters. As several intermediates are formed during the
mineralisation pathway of phenol, the reactor design may influence
the product distribution. This study aims to examine the
sensitivity of the phenol degradation products upon varying the
reactor configuration. The two reactor configurations examined are
a 10 liter batch reactor and a 50 liter reactor with the UV lamp
positioned in a recirculation circuit. Also the mutual interaction
with an easily biodegradable compound, i.c. sodium acetate, is
investigated.
4.3 Reconstruction of dynamics variables for the biodegradation
of pre-ozonated chlorophenols in aqueous solution
P. Guerra, A. García, T. Poznyak, I. Chairez, A. Poznyak, E. I.
García, I. Fuentes (Mexico)
In this study the biotreatment process of a pre-ozonated
artificially aqueous solution involving the mixture of
4-clorophenol (4-CPh) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCPh) is carried
out. A software sensor structure based on a Projectional Dynamic
Neural Network (PDNN) is considered to reconstruct the dynamic
variables of the process. The complete experimental scheme is
divided into two stages: partial ozonation and a subsequent aerobic
bioremediation using a mixed microbial consortium previously
acclimated. Numerical reconstruction of the decomposition dynamics
of chlorophenols (CPhs), as well as the ozonation byproducts
decomposition during bioprocess was made. Results show first of all
the reduction of the CPhs decomposition time and, finally, a good
correspondence between the experimental dynamics and those
estimated by PDNN.
4.4 Ozonation of TiO2, SiO2, and Al2O3 in aqueous solution
J.L. Rodríguez S., T. Poznyak, M.A. Valenzuela (Mexico)
This work aims to show the potential of catalytic ozonation in
the presence of titania, alumina and silica (TiO2, Al2O3 and SiO2)
for the decomposition of ozone in aqueous solution. The catalysts
were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy
(FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the isoelectric point (IEP).
The presence of catalysts were not enhanced the decomposition of
ozone in aqueous solution. The catalysts analyzing after of
ozonation a diverse time did not alter its composition.
4.5 Influence of chemical surface characteristics of natural
zeolite on catalytic ozone abatement
H. Valdés, E. Padilla, C.A. Zaror (Chile)
Ozone has to be eliminated from working environments (aircraft
cabins, offices with photocopiers, laser printers, sterilisers).
Activated carbon, synthetic zeolites, metal oxides and noble metals
have been used as catalysts to destroy ozone. However, the high
costs of these materials impair their application at full-scale.
Low cost natural zeolites could be an interesting option for ozone
elimination. In this article, the effect of zeolite chemical
surface properties on gaseous ozone removal was investigated. In
particular, the role of surface acid sites was assessed. Zeolite
samples with different surface chemical composition were prepared
from a Chilean natural zeolite. Such treatments included
de-alumination, and degasification at 400ºC and 550ºC prior to
contact with ozone. Chemical modification of natural zeolite showed
that the generation of new Lewis acid sites on zeolite surface
increases ozone removal. It is concluded that Lewis acid sites
present on zeolite surface play a key role enhancing the gaseous
ozone elimination.
4.6 Application of AOP for cleaning of industrial water
generated in wet dedusting of top gases
M. Czaplicka, R. Kurowskia (Poland)
The gases emitted during treatment of copper concentrate in
shaft furnaces are cleaned by wet method. Industrial water
generated in that process has pH below 2 and carries large load of
inorganic and organic impurities. Organic carbon content is at the
level of 12 g C/dm3, while total dissolved solids at 114 g/dm3.
Additionally, the water contains metals, mainly arsenic compounds
(16 g As/dm3 on average), lead, zinc, and chlorides and sulfates.
The water from wet dedusting of shaft furnace gases was subjected
to AOP process in H2O2/UV and O3 /UV systems. The batches of
oxidiser were 18 g H2O2/dm3 of gases solution when H2O2 was used
and 2,35 g O3/ dm3 of gases solution per hour in the test with O3
/UV system, respectively. During the tests pH, redox potential and
conductivity of the solution were monitored. The test results show
that solid phase precipitates in the applied system during the
process. The efficiency of the solid phase formation depends on the
type of the oxidiser used and in the case of H2O2 application about
7 g of residue/dm3 of water was separated, while for O3 the mass of
generated solid phase was at the level of 6,5 g of residue/dm3.
Additionally, in both cases a decrease in concentration of
substances extracted with methylene chloride, phenol and carbonyl
compounds in the solutions after reaction was observed. Also
decrease of pH was registered, regardless of oxidiser used. The
solutions after reaction, irrespective of oxidiser used, had higher
redox potential, conductivity and acidity when compared to the
initial solutions. In both cases reduction of arsenic concentration
in the solutions after reaction was observed, by 25 % in O3/UV
system and 22 % in H2O2 /UV when compared to the initial
solution.
4.7 Ozone generated by electrolytic means as an alternative to
chlorine-based sanitizers in food safety applications
B. Yost (USA)
This paper examines the output and anti-microbial efficacy
required for food safety applications in commercial kitchens and
food processing facilities. In particular the output of small
electrolytic generators (< 1.0 g/h ozone production) are
considered as a means to create streams of ozonated water with
concentrations sufficient to meet regulatory standards (e.g. NSF-4)
within practical time limits.
4.8 LuminoTox: an effective tool for wastewater treatment
management
F. Bellemare, L. Lorrain, N. Boucher (Canada)
Lab_Bell has developed the LuminoTox test, a fast and effective
tool for toxicity detection in water. LuminoTox makes early warning
and tracking of environmental emergencies since several pollutants
found in water inhibit photosynthetic enzyme complexes (PECs),
thereby affecting the growth of phytoplankton and aquatic plants.
The presence of toxic agents is indicated by a decrease in
photochemical yield as measured by the LuminoTox Analyzer after 15
minutes of incubation time. LuminoTox was tested for its potential
for toxicity detection in different municipal wastewater treatment
processes, for ammonia nitrogen detection and for selecting the
best treatment to improve the water quality of a municipal
wastewater system.
LuminoTox proved effective for rapid toxicity detection (15
minutes) in both treated and untreated effluents. It was also found
to be an effective means of assessing the level of toxicity
reduction in these types of effluents following treatment in
various systems, such as those using activated sludge, aerated
ponds or sequential biological reactors.
SESSION 5. FUNDAMENTALS AND PROCESS
5.1 Chemical properties and environmental applications of
reactive species formed in electrical discharges
J.L. Brisset, D. Moussa, E. Hnatiuc (France, Romania)
The sophisticated products required by the market leads industry
to use complex processes and various solvents that become spent and
must be degraded. Thus, research focuses on developping advanced
oxidation processes to face the problem. One of these AOPs consists
in electrical discharges at atmospheric pressure and close to
ambient temperature since they produce highly reactive non-thermal
plasmas. The most plasma techniques for removing and degrading
industrial gaseous or liquid wastes are rapidly reviewed with
emphasis on the basic relevant chemistry and the environmental
applications. For economical reasons, we selected humid air as the
carrying gas in which the discharge develops.
5.2 Determination of absolute kinetic rate constants in
ozonation reactions using an unstationary film model. Ozonation of
azo-compounds
S.C. Cardona, F. López, A. Abad, A. García-Blanquer, J.
Navarro-Laboulais (Spain)
A method for the determination of absolute kinetic rate
constants is proposed using an unstationary film model. The
methodology avoids the experimental determination of parameters
like the enhancement factor or the Hatta number which are usually
model dependent. The mathematical model is general for gas-liquid
system with irreversible second order reaction. An optimization
procedure based on Gauss-Newton algorithm is used for the
non-linear parameter estimation. The model is tested with the
ozonation reaction of Acid Red 27, Acid Orange 7 and Acid Blue 129.
The second order kinetic rate constant for the direct reaction with
O3 are 2933 ± 351, 662 ± 41 and 61 ± 4 M–1s–1 respectively.
5.3 Oil-Refinery wastewater treatment aiming reuse by
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) combined with Biological
Activated Carbon (BAC)
G.L. Sant’Anna Jr., B.M. Souza, A.C. Cerqueira, M. Dezotti
(Brazil)
The treatment of a refinery wastewater by Advanced Oxidation
Processes (AOP) coupled with Biological Activated Carbon (BAC) was
investigated aiming to generate water for reuse. The Gabriel Passos
Refinery wastewater was previously treated in a membrane
bioreactor, but still presented a high TOC content, which may cause
biofouling in the subsequent process of reverse osmosis. O3/UV and
H2O2/UV processes were employed to oxidize the organic matter and
the BAC process to remove residual organic matter from the AOP
effluent. AOP promoted oxidation of recalcitrant organic matter as
observed by drops on the treated wastewater absorbance and TOC
values. BAC filters reached TOC removals of 50% to 60% after 84
days of operation, while GAC filters were saturated after 28 days.
Low TOC values were achieved by the combined treatment, reaching
values around 5 mg/L and allowing water reuse. BAC filters showed
to be quite efficient for removal of organic compounds found in the
biologically treated oil refinery wastewater.
5.4 Removal of bio-recalcitrant compounds with a hybrid
ozone/activated carbon process applied to an industrial
effluent
T. MERLE, J.S. PIC, M.H. MANERO, H. DEBELLEFONTAINE (France)
Industrial wastewaters often contain bio-recalcitrant compounds
and conventional biological treatments are not always efficient.
Thus, more sophisticated and expensive techniques have to be used.
In this study, an original advanced oxidation process is studied: a
hybrid process that combines the performances of adsorption on
activated carbon and oxidation by ozone and two commercial
microporous activated carbons are tested to enhance the production
of free radicals from molecular ozone. The effluent studied is
issued from a biological plant treating industrial effluents.
Experimental tests showed that organic matter is weakly adsorbed
onto both activated carbons. HPSEC/UV measurements of the effluent
indicated an important presence of large size molecules, larger
than the activated carbon micropores. Thus, adsorption mostly
occurs onto the external surface of the adsorbent. Adsorption
kinetics was studied and very low rate was found with granular
activated carbons, but a noticeable increase of this rate was found
when the materials are ground. The ozonation of the effluent in
presence of activated carbon did not bring a significant
improvement of the DOC abatement but, on the other hand, the
sequential application of adsorption/ozonation increased the
activated carbon lifetime compared to a classical adsorption step.
Besides, it was evidenced that the oxidation step produced organic
compounds with smaller molecular sizes than initial ones and that
the treated effluent lost its aromatic character.
5.5 Aeration, oxidation and filtration for natural pollutants
removal from groundwater
R. Munter, M. Trapido, Y. Veressinina, L. Lumiste, J. Sutt, P.
Tonisson, T. Eensalu, T. Kivimae (Estonia)
Pre-oxidation of ferrous iron in groundwater with ozone,
hydroden peroxide and air has been studied at different
temperatures, alkalinity, pH and oxidant concentration under
laboratory conditions. The rate of oxidation has been measured and
the pseudo-first order rate constant has been calculated.
Simultaneous removal of iron, manganese, ammonia, sulfides and
radionuclides using aeration, oxidation and two stage filtration
has been studied under pilot plant conditions. Radionuclides
removal capacity of different filtration materials has been
measured.
5.6 Influence of EfOM on the oxidation of atrazine by ozone and
UV/H2O2 in secondary effluents
S. Pereira, R.F. Dantas, S. Esplugas, Ca. Sans, M. Dezotti
(Brazil, Spain)
The aim of this work was to study the influence of the effluent
organic matter (EfON) on the micropollutant removal (Atrazine) by
ozone and UV/H2O2. Experiments were carried out, for comparison
purposes, in deionized water (DW) and in municipal secondary
effluents (SE). Atrazine (ATZ) concentration, COD and TOC were
recorded along the reaction time and used to evaluate the system
efficiency. Results demonstrate that the presence of effluent
organic matter can reduce the effectiveness of the methods to
remove ATZ due to the competition of EfOM components to react with
radicals and/or molecular ozone. ATZ was easier removed by UV/H2O2,
however the presence of EfON promoted higher inhibition of ATZ
removal by hydroxyl radicals (UV/H2O2) than by ozone. At the
experimental conditions used in this work, when ATZ was removed,
ozonation promoted about 20 % of EfON oxidation in front of 5 %
obtained by UV/H2O2. In addition, direct ATZ photolysis promoted by
UV alone must be considered in the assessment of its degradation by
UV/H2O2.
SESSION 6. POSTER SESSION
6.1 Analysis on the natural organic matter (NOM) and
disinfection by-products in full-scale advanced water treatment
plant and conventional water treatment plant
J.C. Jeon, C.H. Jo, I. Choi, T.M. Hwang, Y. Choung (Republic of
Korea)
This study aimed to compare the removal efficiencies of natural
organic matter (NOM) and disinfection by-products (DBPs) in Koyang
Advanced Water Treatment Plant or KAWTP, Ilsan Conventional Water
Treatment Plant or ICWTP, and a mixed-water point in the
distribution system. Aside from doing conventional water treatment,
KAWTP also carries out post-ozone and GAC adsorption followed by
chlorination. This system has been utilized since July 2009 to
produce high quality drinking water. ICWTP, on the other hand, uses
traditional water treatment processes that consist of rapid mixing,
flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and chlorination. KAWTP and
ICWTP, both in Koyang City, South Korea, are located within less
than 1 kilometer to each other, and they both use the same water
source, which is Paldang Lake, as well as the same distribution
system. As for their distribution system, advancedly treated water
f
.rom KAWTP and conventional finished water from ICWTP are
blended with a ratio of 1:5, respectively.
6.2 A case study on automatic ozone dose control system
based on ozone consumption rate in a full scale advanced water
treatment plant
J.C. Jeon, C.H. Jo, K.H. Lee, T.M. Hwang, Y. Choung (Republic of
Korea)
Recently, a growing concern about algae-origin taste and odor in
drinking water made it possible to introduce ozone and GAC
processes to large capacity(more than 300,000㎥/day) water treatment
plants in Han river area, south korea. Especially, concerning the
ozone process, residual ozone in finished water may have bad
effects on biological stabilization and physical properties of
following GAC as well as on health of operators. Therefore
maintaining optimal ozone dose based on ozone demand is essential
in operation of ozone process. The Koyang advanced water treatment
plant(KAWTP) has been utilizing a new type of ozone control method
since July 2009, which automatically calculates ozone dose required
by instantaneous ozone demand and ozone consumption rate. The
instantaneous ozone demand (ID) and the first order consumption
rate constant(kc) are calculated by measured dissolved ozone
concentration from at least 3 points in ozone contact tank, and
used for automatic PID control. An automatic ozone dose control
system by measuring ozone consumption rate overcomes disadvantages
of previous ozone control systems including dissolved ozone
concentration control and constant ozone dose control. In earlier
pilot scale research, extra device for decision of kc and ID was
used. However in this study, ozone dose has been decided in the
full scale ozone process. It is the first case that applies ID-kc
based ozone dose control to full scale advanced water treatment
plant .
6.3 Enhanced inactivation and DBPs Control by sequential
disinfection using ozone/chlorine or chlorine dioxide/chlorine
T.M. Hwang, S.H. Nam, W.B. Go, S. Lee, M. Cho, J.H. Kim
(Republic of Korea, USA)
Sequential disinfection is considered a viable treatment option
to control pathogenic microorganisms such as oocysts of protozoan
parasites (e.g., Cryptosporidium parvum etc.) and spores of
vegetative bacteria (e.g., Bacillus subtilis and B. anthracis) that
cannot be treated effectively by a single step application of
common chlorine-based disinfectants in conventional water
treatment. In the sequential disinfection processes, a primary
disinfectant such as ozone, chlorine dioxide or UV is first applied
to achieve a portion of the target inactivation level. A secondary
disinfectant such as free chlorine is subsequently applied to
attain further inactivation and to provide a residual disinfectant
for a relatively long period of time during water distribution.
Some results showed the synergistic inactivation of Bacillus
subtilis spores or C. parvum oocysts by sequential disinfection.
However, compared to enhanced inactivation, studies on DBPs control
in sequential inactivation are relatively limited.
6.4 Control strategy for an ozonation plant for tertiary
effluent with UV/Vis-spectrometry
H. Schaar, S. Winkler, E. Saracevic, R. Hofstädter, N.
Kreuzinger (Austria)
The ozonation of tertiary effluent is a suitable technology to
decrease micropollutant emissions to the aquatic environment. The
control of the ozonation process is essential for stable, efficient
and economic operation. Dosing the ozone in accordance to the
dissolved organic carbon in the influent of the ozonation was
successfully applied in recent research projects. Even though the
DOC-proportional ozone dose considers the wastewater matrix and its
variations, the occurrence of residual ozone in the effluent of the
ozonation plant could not always be avoided. In the present study
the applicability of UV/Vis-spectrometry for process control was
evaluated, considering the challenge that both the wastewater
matrix and the ozone have an impact on the ultraviolet absorbance
around 254 nm. The objective was the calculation of the
proposed control parameters TOC in the influent and the residual
ozone in the effluent of the ozonation plant by spectral
algorithms. Grab samples for laboratory analysis and the
corresponding UV/Vis-spectra were collected at a pilot ozonation
plant for tertiary effluent during sampling campaigns at various
conditions. The results obtained in the present study demonstrated
the potential of UV/Vis-spectrometry for the control of an
ozonation plant. The TOC equivalent concentration for specific
ozone dose was modelled from the absorbance in the influent of the
plant. For the effluent of the ozonation plant two independent
models, one for the TOC and another one for residual ozone could be
generated, despite the interferences of the ozone with the organic
matrix of the wastewater.
6.5 Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) - Comparison of
different treatment scenarios based on processes combining Ozone,
UV and Hydrogen Peroxide
A. Ried, A. Wieland, J. Mielcke, D. Rohring (Germany)
Currently, the global market tends to consider AOP as only an
UV-hydrogen peroxide technology. Consulting engineers and water
supply companies are looking for a cost-effective solution to treat
contaminant of concern. Traditional treatment trains comprising
flocculation, filtration, adsorption and disinfection are often not
sufficient to achieve all required treatment results. Indeed the
reduction of micropollutants e.g. pesticides, taste and odour
compounds and pharmaceuticals need to involve Advanced Oxidation
Processes (AOP). Arrival at the preferred solution requires a
detailed analysis of the different treatment scenarios available
and a detailed understanding of all specific site conditions (e.g.
water matrix, contaminants, treatment goal, by-product formation,
energy consumption, installation cost, footprint and operational
issues).
This paper provides a comparison of life cycle cost for the UV,
Ozone, H2O2-based AOP`s depending on site specific treatment goals.
A comparison of ozone-based AOP and UV-based AOP indicate a
significant difference in operation and investment costs, and shows
that ozone-based AOP can provide a very cost effective
solution.
Additional disinfection and the removal of photo-reactive
substances do not naturally lead to an UV-based AOP. The
combination of ozone-based AOP and UV (installed downstream) are
also cost effective and ranges between ozone-based and UV-based
AOP. In conclusion, there is no “one solution” to treat all
contaminants. Only the thorough understanding of the contaminants
of concern and knowledge of site specific conditions will lead to a
customer specific treatment solution.
6.6 Case study of ozonation step at the Dongguan Drinking
Water Plant by means of inhomogeneous feed gas plasma processing
ozone synthesis
F. Krogh, H.P. Schiller, B. Paolini, A. Freilich, J. Lopes
(Switzerland, USA)
To increase ozone production efficiency an ad-hoc ozone
synthesis technology, called Intelligent Gap System Technology
(IGSTM-Technology), was developed by Degrémont Technologies Ldt.
Through IGSTM-Technology high stable ozone concentrations, up to
14wt.%, can be achieved. This technology reduces capital and
operative costs through the reduction of power consumption and feed
gas quantity.
More ozonation plants are operating today with this technology,
confirming the high potential shown by experiments. Three ozone
generators assembled with IGS Technology are in use at the Dongguan
Dongjiang Water Co., Ltd water plant N.6, for main ozonation step.
Ozonation step is introduced for disinfection purposes. Therefore
data of the water quality at the inlet and outlet of the ozonation
step are collected. High COD removal was achieved with a modest
variation of the other parameters (see table 1). Moreover, power
consumption of ozone generators during performance tests were
measured to be 7.2kWh/kg at 10wt.% in ozone concentration, in fully
agreement with forecasted values.
6.7 In-situ chemical oxidation with ozone in gas phase: lesson
learnt from the first Italian full-scale application
E. Crescini, L. Amighetti, A. Guerini, G. Riva, F. Dallera
(Italia)
The first Italian full-scale application of In-Situ Chemical
Oxidation (ISCO) via gaseous Ozone, implemented for the remediation
of unsaturated soils contaminated by cutting oil in an industrial
site in Northern Italy, has provided a number of precious
indications regarding the design and operations of this
technology.
This remedial plan has been developed under the procedure for
site remediation foreseen by Legislative Decree n. 152/06, the
Italian framework law on environmental issues, and approved by the
presiding authorities.
Monitoring data and field observations have allowed to trace a
first picture of process performance and identify the principal
factors governing effectiveness and success of the remediation.
SESSION 7. CASE STUDIES IN FULL SCALE PLANTS
7.1 Ozonation of tertiary effluent at the Clark County Water
Reclamation District Advanced Water Treatment Facility
M.A. Oneby, M.G. Priest, J.H. Borchardt (USA)
The Clark County Water Reclamation District (CCWRD) in Southern
Nevada is augmenting an existing advanced wastewater treatment
facility with ozone to improve the quality of tertiary effluent for
indirect potable reuse (IPR). The ozone process is part of a 4,700
m3/h (30 mgd) demonstration facility incorporating low pressure
membrane filtration and ozone disinfection. The reuse of highly
treated effluent is important in a region that receives an annual
average rainfall of 110 mm (4.3 in). The demonstration facility
treatment train consists of drum screens for removal of gross
particulates, submerged low pressure ultrafiltration (UF) membranes
for removal of fine particulates and coagulated phosphorus, and
ozone for disinfection of tertiary effluent and oxidation of
microconstituents routinely found in natural water bodies which are
impacted by wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. The
microconstituents include endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs),
pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). The
demonstration facility design is complete and is currently in the
bidding process, with project completion expected in 2013. The
estimated project cost is €40 million (55 million USD). The CCWRD
project represents one of the first applications of ozone for water
reuse in the US, and the first with the goal of treating trace
organic contaminants.
7.2 Ozone for tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater –
Experiences from the first full scale plant in Germany
P. Jagemann, S. Lyko, A. Ried, A. Wieland (Germany)
The demographic change of the population has an effect on the
municipal waste water. The increased use of pharmaceuticals will
also increase the concentration of pharmaceuticals in the effluents
of wastewater treatment plants which are not able to remove these
substances completely. And the influence of these substances on the
environment and humans is described and is discussed in public.
A solution for the reduction of such substances can be the
installation of a tertiary treatment step. The Emscher
Genossenschaft installed in autumn 2009 an ozone system as a
tertiary treatment step after a classical activated sludge process.
This system is the first full scale demonstration unit in Germany
and it is installed in a small town in Germany (12,000 P.E.) which
has 1,200 beds in health resorts which will have effects on the
concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the effluent. The ozone system
is installed to reduce the residual substances (e.g.
pharmaceuticals) after the biological treatment by oxidation. This
paper will describe the decision to install the ozone plant,
operation experiences, cost and the reduction rates of selected
substances.
7.3 Ozone disinfection of urban wastewater at full scale –
Impact on persistent pollutants
S. Baig, J.M. Choubert, S. Martin Ruel, M. Esperanza, H.
Budzinski, C. Miege, M. Coquery (France)
The study investigated the impact of ozone application at full
scale for disinfection purpose on the fate of a wide group of trace
contaminants by using a robust analytical methodology. 125
contaminants were tracked including the 37 priority compounds which
discharges have to be reduced or stopped by 2015 according to the
European Water Framework Directive and additional relevant
substances like pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupting compounds,
pesticides, industrial chemicals, solvents and additives. The
wastewater treatment plant studied involves ozone disinfection as
quaternary treatment after sand filtration. Ozone application was
therefore proved efficient for the removal of a wide range of
emerging pollutants in municipal secondary effluent even at low
dose of 10 mg/L originally found suitable for disinfection action
only. Ozone was indeed shown able to degrade particularly more than
80 % of the trace organics detected with removal rates over 70 % in
connection with their chemical properties.
7.4 Ozone: a wastewater disinfectant of the future
G. Gesuale, P.A. Liechti, M. Fournier, P. Payment, C. Gagnon, R.
Hausler (Canada, Switzerland)
This study investigates the effectiveness of using ozone as a
disinfectant for wastewater treatment and its ability to reduce the
emerging generations of micro pollutants as well as reducing the
global and chronic toxicity. The following pollutants were of
interest: coliforms thermotolerant spores, enterococci,
pharmaceutical residues, surface active agents and nonyphenols.
Pilot scale tests were performed using a biological treated
domestic type wastewater and a physical/chemical treated
domestic-industrial type wastewater with a strong industrial
fraction. Ozone proved to be a technology that could simultaneously
reduced significantly the overall concentration of the different
pollutants analyzed without producing any toxic byproducts.
7.5 Modelling on-site ozonation units. A case study on
Annet-sur-Marne Water Works
P. Mandel, M. Maurel, C. Lemoine, P. Roche, D. Wolbert
(France)
This article presents a full-scale modelling study of an
industrial ozonation unit. Conceived as an integrated procedure
leading from the laboratory to the water works, modelling is in
line with the development and the use of an oxidation-specific
simulator, SimOx. The modelling framework relies on the combination
of accurate chemical reaction pathways with hydraulic systematic
networks. Dealing with natural water, chemical models have to be
parameterised: basing on two sets of lab-scale experiments, the
models for the influence of NOM (Natural Organic Matter) and the
formation of bromate ions were calibrated. The calibration results
showed that the model proposed for the role of NOM is able to
account for major changes in pH, temperature, ozone dose, NOM
content and NOM nature. Having adapted a model for bromate
formation valid in NOM-free water by calibrating the kinetics of a
single reaction, the simulation results satisfactorily account for
changes in initial bromide and in ozone concentrations. Besides, a
systematic network was built up to best reproduce hydraulic flow
conditions. The model was validated with experimental results
obtained on site, under varying process conditions (changes in
liquid flow and in ozone residual setpoint, mainly). After the
selection of a value for the kLa, simulations were run. Simulated
and experimental data were in close agreement: 62% of the
simulation points for ozone were located within the experimental
error of the samples, 66 % for bromate. A slight readjustment of
the model for bromate formation showed that seasonal changes in NOM
activity may easily be taken into account basing on regular
concentration measurements.
7.6 Assessment and modeling of a full-scale ozonation step of
municipal secondary wastewater effluent
S.G. Zimmermann, M. Wittenwiler, J. Hollender, M. Krauss, S.
Koepke, E. Salhi, F. Hammes, E. Gansner, M. Koch, C. Ort, H.R.
Siegrist, U. von Gunten (Switzerland)
Ozonation has been shown to be an efficient treatment process
for the transformation of micropollutants in drinking water and
wastewater in laboratory- and pilot-scale studies. Recently, these
results were corroborated in the first full-scale study at
wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Wüeri in Regensdorf, Switzerland
(25.000 P.E.). We now present further results from this full-scale
ozone reactor treating the secondary effluent of WWTP Wüeri. A
rapid sand filter acts as biological polishing step after
ozonation. An online DOC measurement based on UV absorption was
installed in the influent to the ozone reactor to dose the ozone
DOC load proportionally. Subsequently, the kinetics of oxidation
and disinfection processes were investigated for seven ozone doses
ranging from 0.21 - 1.24 gO3 gDOC-1 by taking grab samples along
the ozone reactor and quenching residual ozone with nitrite or
sulfite. The investigated micropollutants were analyzed by an
online SPE-LC-MS/MS method according to their occurrence and not
spiked to the wastewater.
7.7 Impact of ozonation on the genotoxic activity of tertiary
treated municipal wastewater
M. Mišík, F. Ferk, S. Knasmueller, M. Cichna-Markl, T. Grummt,
H. Schaar, N. Kreuzinger (Austria, Germany)
The impact of ozonation on acute and genotoxic activities of a
tertiary treated municipal wastewater was investigated in
Salmonella/microsome, single cells gel electrophoresis and plant
bioassays (micronucleus experiments with Allium cepa). Neither with
unconcentrated nor with O3 treated tertiary effluent genotoxic
effects were found in three tests systems. With concentrated
wastewater a clear increase of his+ revertants was detected in
strain TA98 without metabolic activation; the effect was
significantly reduced in samples that were collected after
ozonation. A similar effect was observed in single cells gel
electrophoresis assays with primary rat hepatocytes, i.e. a
significant increase of DNA migration was seen before ozonation
while the effects declined after the treatment. These findings
indicate that O3 treatment causes the reduction of genotoxic
effects of tertiary treated wastewater. Furthermore, in none of the
experiments an indication of induction of acute toxic effects of O3
treatment was observed.
7.8 Potential of ozone for the removal of hazardous
micropollutants and related changes in dissolved organic matter
composition in a municipal biotreated effluent
B. Domenjoud, N. Cortés, J. Caixach, S. Esplugas, S. Baig
(Spain, France)
The major part of the regulated priority substances and family
of compounds defined in the European Water Framework Directive and
some other organic micropollutants were tracked in a municipal
biotreated secondary effluent. Micropollutants detected in the
effluent were subjected to different ozone doses (7, 9 and 180
mg/L) related to different oxidation extents. Ozone confirmed its
efficiency in terms of micropollutant reduction when applied to a
municipal biotreated effluent. Accordingly, it achieved reductions
exceeding 60 % and 70 % for more than 50 % and 75 % of the
pollutants detected with disinfection and high ozone doses,
respectively. Furthermore, organic matter transformation was also
investigated at different reaction stage by both controlling
surrogates evolution - including chemical oxygen demand, dissolved
organic matter, UV254 absorbance, etc. - and the fate dissolved
organic fractions by means of size exclusion chromatography
followed by organic, nitrogen and UV254 detections. At ozone dose
of 10 mg/L lower than the initial ozone demand, ozone first
attacked the hydrophobic aromatic compounds. At higher ozone dose
of 50 mg/L, ozone probably solubilized suspended solids and
principally oxidized high molecular weight molecules (> 1,000
Da) into more hydrophilic compounds. Therefore, most reactions of
ozone with the micropollutants occur in competition with fast
reactions of ozone with the hydrophobic fraction of the dissolved
organic matter.
CLOSING
Special Prize of the Programme Committee
M. ROUSTAN, Chair of the Scientific Committee (France)
Conference conclusion
Z. Do Quang, IOA-EA3G President (France)
FOR ANY FURTHER CONTACT
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40 avenue du Recteur PineauPhone: +33
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