International AgricultureAGED 4713
International Panel: Mexico
Ivette RubioFall 2002
Mexican History
1500’s SpainPrehispanic culture:from 2000 bc
Tolteca Olmeca Maya Aztec Zapoteca Mixteca Totonaca
Geographic data
Area: 1,972,550 sq. Km 32 States 1 Federal District
Every State divided in “Municipios”(counties)
Population98.5 million inhabitants
11th most populated country in the worldPopulation density: 50 people per sq.kilometer
Range: 15 to 5 587 p/sq km Population growth rate: 1.6 74 % Population living in urban areas 26% Population living in rural areas (24 millions)
Source: www.inegi.gob.mx
Facts about Mexican population Official and business language: Spanish Several Indigenous languages
Nahuatl, Mayan, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomie, Tarahumara, Yaqui
Diverse Population: 60%, mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 30%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian
10 % full blood Mexican indigenous 9% white 1% other
Economy Mexico´s Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
amounted to 915 billion dollars in 2000
Services66%
Industries28%
Agriculture6%
GDP per capita $9,100
Grains harvested in 1999Grain
Area(Thousands
Ha)
Production(Thousands
M.Ton)
YieldTon/ ha
Corn 7,406.0 18,314.4 2.4
Sorghum 1,877.35 6,043.2 3.2
Wheat 657.5 3,049.8 4.2
Beans 1,615 1,080.6 0.64
Barley 243.5 470.7 2.2
Rice 52.3 394.7 4.7
Soybean 122.5 132.8 1.6
Cartamo 96.1 262.7 1.6
Sesame 43.1 31.5 0.6
Total 12,113.35 29,780.4
Source: www.sagarpa.gob.mx
Facts about Mexican Agriculture
85 % cropping on rainfed land & 15 % irrigatedRainfed land:
30 % good 53 % fair 17 % poor
Tractors 1.8/100 Ag. Labor Combine 1/1000 Ag. Labor Annual Income/farmer ~$2000 Dollars
Livestock Production, National consumption (Import and domestic) and
world rank 1999
Consumption from:CommodityProductionMetric tons
WorldRank
Domestic ImportsPoultry 1,731,538 4 89 11
Honey bee 255,323 6 99.9 0.1
Eggs 1,634,793 7 99.5 0.5
Beef meat 1,399,629 9 82 18
Milk(millions ofLiters)
8,877.3 12 85 15
Goat meat 37959 16 N/ A N/ A
Pork 994,186 19 76 24
Sheep meat 30,785 40 42.3 57.7
Meat Consumption
Poultry39%
Beef31%
Pork25%
Sheep1%
Goat1%
Turkey3%
52 kg (114.5 lb) Per capita
The Education System in Mexico
Some data about Education in Mexico
1921 66 % literacy 1995 91 % Literacy 90 % 15 years old people finish elementary
school 45 % 16 to 18 yr. people are in upper secondary 1.4 millions of teachers and professors 212 thousand education centers (all levels)
Source: www.sep.gob.mx
The structure of Mexican Education Preschool ( 3-5 years old) Elementary 6 levels (6-11 yrs) Lower Secondary 3 levels (12-14 yr.) Upper Secondary or High school 3 levels (15-17 yr.) Technological Upper Secondary or Technical
Professional 3 levels Universities, Technological Institutes, Teacher
education Colleges 4 to 5 years (18- 24 years old) Graduate Studies: Specialization, Master and Ph.D..
Source: www.sep.gob.mx
Enrollment in National Education System
Basic81%
Job Training3%
Up. Secondary10%
Higher Education
6%
28.5 millions of students
Source: www.sep.gob.mx
International Ag. Trade
Agricultural Trade and NAFTA
Mexico• Third largest foreign importer from U.S
After Japan and Canada• Second largest foreign supplier of Ag. Products to
U.S.• After Canada
Total US Ag. exports to Mexico :• 10 % meat and meat products • 17 % seed• 22 % live animals• 22 % dairy products• 43 % sorghum
Agricultural Trade and NAFTA Over a third of U.S Ag. Imports came from Mexico:
– 20 % of coffee– 36 % live animals– 10 % fruit juice– 50 % Melons
U.S. Is the main market for Mexican Ag Exports:– 95 % Horticultural products– 75 % Coffee– 50 % Live animals– 98 % Beer– 56 % Sugar – 80 % Tequila
Agricultural Trade 2001
Crops Livestock
Exports $3,431,618.00 $453,809.00
Imports $4,654,994.00 $426,003.00
Balance -$1,223,376.00 $27,806.00
Source: www.sagarpa.gob.mx
Any Questions ?