International and European trade of forest berries and mushrooms

Marko Lovrić, Robert Mavsar

Miten lisäarvoa metsästä – seminaari Metsäntutkimuslaitos, 11.11.2014

Content

• Background

• Objectives

• Results

– Descriptive anaysis

– SNA

• Concluding remarks

Multipurpose trees and non-wood forest products a challenge and opportunity

Europe 2020 Strategy - Development of an efficient, intelligent, sustainable and integrated

(bio)economy

Multiple opportunities for the forest sector

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% 160% 180%

Bulgaria

Slovakia

Sweden

Finland

Lithuania

Slovenia

Austria

Czech Republic

Germany

UK

Spain

Portugal

Italy

% of value of

NWFP/industrial

roundwood

Background

StarTree

Objective

Provide better understanding, knowledge, guidance and tools to support relevant

stakeholders in optimising the management of multi-purpose trees and developing

innovative approaches for increasing the marketability and profitability of NWFP for

a more competitive rural economy.

NWFP type Category Commodity group HS

Code

Period of validity

1992-

1995

1996-

2001

2002-

2006

2007-

2011

2012

-20..

Wild mushrooms

and truffles

(5/13)

Fresh or chilled Truffles 070952 x x x

Other mushrooms both wild & cultivated (and truffle from 2007) 070959 x x x

Dried Mushrooms of other species 071239 x x x

Prepared or preserved Truffles 200320 x x x x

Other mushrooms both wild & cultivated (and truffle from 2012) 200390 x x x

Berries

(3/26)

Fresh Berries Cranberries, bilberries, similar fruits 081040 x x x x x

Berry prepared or

preserved Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon, V. oxycoccos, V. vitis-idaea)

200893 x

Berry juice Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon, V. oxycoccos, V. vitis-idaea) 200981 x

HS classification wild mushrooms and berries

• Total cost 7,50 mio €

• EC Contribution 5,99 mio €

• Duration 48 months

• Start date 01/11/2012

• Consortium 24 partners (including 9 SMEs)

• Project Coordinator Dr. Robert Mavsar (EFI)

Overview

• Source:

– UN CommTrade database (http://comtrade.un.org)

– Period analysed: 1988 – 2012

• Data cleaning:

– balanced export-import data

– Reduced outliers

Data preparation

Global mushrooms trade by commodity from 1988 to 2012

0

200 000

400 000

600 000

800 000

1 000 000

1 200 000

1 400 000

1 600 000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

10

00

USD

Fresh truffles (070952) Other fresh mushrooms (70959) Dried (71239)

Preserved truffles (200320) Preserved other (200390)

Value of global trade of wild mushrooms

• Top 20 exporters: 87% of total exports, 67% of total imports

• Top 20 importers: 34% of exports, 88% of imports

-6 000 000

-4 000 000

-2 000 000

0

2 000 000

4 000 000

6 000 000

8 000 000

10 000 000

12 000 000

China Japan China, HongKong

Germany Italy France USA Netherlands Poland Viet Nam

10

00

USD

(1

98

8-2

01

2)

Export

Import

Top ten traders in wild mushrooms

•China, China - Hong Kong and Japan core countries (strongly interconnected) •China, Other Asia nes, and Singapore 'key' actors (strongly connected to everyone)

Regional trade patterns of wild mushrooms (2011)

mean = 6.4 mil. US$

•France and Italy are most central

EU 28 trade patterns of wild mushrooms (2011)

mean = 1.2 mil. US$

Most valuable trade channels for wild mushrooms

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

70 000

Mil.

US$

HS code 070952 - Truffles

HS code 070959 Other mushrooms wild & cultivated

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

France Italy China Japan Germany Spain USA China, HongKong SAR

Switzerland UnitedKingdom

Mil. US$ Top- ten traders of fresh truffles (1988-2006)

Export

Import

Value of international trade of fresh truffles

International trade of fresh truffles Correspondence analysis, top 10 traders

0

200 000

400 000

600 000

800 000

1 000 000

1 200 000

1 400 000

1 600 000

1 800 000

10

00

USD

Year

Value of global trade of fresh cranberries, bilberries and similar fruits

Regional trade patterns of fresh cranberries, bilberries and similar fruits (2011)

mean = 6.2 mil. US$

EU 28 trade patterns of fresh cranberries, bilberries and similar fruits (2011)

mean = 1.0 mil. US$

-10000

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

10

00

USD

Value of imports, exports and trade balance

Export Import Balance

Finnish trade of fresh cranberries, bilberries and similar fruits

Finland ego Unfavourable import ties to strongly connected countries (Netherlands, Spain, Germany) Improve position by import from weakly connected countries (e.g. Serbia, Georgia, Hungary) More favourable export structure (Sweden, Estonia, China)

x ≥ mean

Ego network of Finnish trade of fresh cranberries, bilberries and similar fruits (2011)

mean = 1.4 mil. US$

WORLD

Some conclusions

• Overall value of trade is steadily increasing

• Trade is focused on small number of countries

• Largest traders tend to have ties both to weak and strong trading countries

• Import networks are smaller than export networks → countries tend to import from reliable ‘large-scale’ partners more than from producers

• Western developed countries tend to import from other strong importers

• A place of EU as an intermediary between producers and final consumers?

• Imperfect data; ‘Key places’ are often occupied by areas not elsewhere specified

• Imperfect data; Trade within EU is underreported

• Finland: Unfavorable import of fresh berries

More at: www.star-tree.eu

SUPLEMENTARY MATERIALS

Value of global trade of wild mushrooms

• International trade of wild mushrooms is steadily growing over the past 24 years

0

500 000

1 000 000

1 500 000

2 000 000

2 500 000

3 000 000

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

10

00

USD

Year

Fresh – Other mushrooms both wild & cultivated 070959

Dried – Mushrooms of other species 071239

Preserved - Other mushrooms both wild & cultivated 200390

Fresh truffles – 070952 (1988-2006)

Finnish trade of Fresh - other mushrooms both wild & cultivated 070959

Trade in 2011

No. export partners 13 No. import partners 12

Export to

(top 5)

Country Value (1000 USD) Weight (kg)

Netherlands 809 82830

Italy 636 74474

Sweden 317 18000

Belgium 240 28258

France 129 19648

Import from

(top 5)

Belgium 20 1636

Denmark 3 480

Estonia 454 85823

France 1 88

Germany 3 8280

Finnish trade of Fresh - Mushrooms of other species 071239

Trade in 2011

No. export partners 3 No. import partners 8

Export to

(top 5)

Country Value (1000 USD) Weight (kg)

Norway 0 22

Netherlands 0 4

Latvia 0 2

Import from

(top 5)

Germany 83 1297

Sweden 33 355

Netherlands 22 6527

Italy 21 534

France 21 300