International Conference on Road Safety at International Conference on Road Safety at Work Work . Washington DC . Washington DC 16-18 February 2009 16-18 February 2009 ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES COUNTRIES Ronald Kabuye Ssebunya Ronald Kabuye Ssebunya National Road Safety Concern Uganda National Road Safety Concern Uganda [email protected][email protected]
Transcript
Slide 1
International Conference on Road Safety at Work. Washington DC
16-18 February 2009 ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES Ronald Kabuye Ssebunya National Road Safety Concern
Uganda [email protected]
Slide 2
About National Road Safety Concern Uganda Status: NGO Status:
NGO Areas of work: Areas of work: Research Advocacy
Sensitization
Slide 3
Global Road Safety Situation Each year road traffic crashes
kill nearly 1.2 million people, and injure or disable 2050 million
more people Each year road traffic crashes kill nearly 1.2 million
people, and injure or disable 2050 million more people Globally,
more than 40% of all road traffic deaths occur among the 0-25 age
group Globally, more than 40% of all road traffic deaths occur
among the 0-25 age group Road Traffic Injuries are the second
leading cause of death for young people aged 5-25 years Road
Traffic Injuries are the second leading cause of death for young
people aged 5-25 years
Slide 4
Global Road Safety Situation by WHO regions
Slide 5
Distribution of global injury mortality by cause
Slide 6
Share of Developing Countries At least 85 percent of the deaths
occur in the developing and transitional countries of Africa, Asia,
Latin America and the Middle East. At least 85 percent of the
deaths occur in the developing and transitional countries of
Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East. The highest rate
of fatalities in the 0-25 age range occur among young road users in
low- income and middle-income countries, particularly in Africa and
the Eastern Mediterranean The highest rate of fatalities in the
0-25 age range occur among young road users in low- income and
middle-income countries, particularly in Africa and the Eastern
Mediterranean Africa, as a region had a disproportionate share of
global road fatalities Africa, as a region had a disproportionate
share of global road fatalities
Slide 7
Human Evolution
Slide 8
Homo Autobilissimus (man) has lived on earth some million
years. We have only been automobile drivers in 0, 00005 million
years We have in a short time changed our living from striving for
survival to be sitting in a car with ABS, ESP, CAS, AICC, IDIS,
stereo, mobile phone and video/dvd and navigation instrument We
have in a short time changed our living from striving for survival
to be sitting in a car with ABS, ESP, CAS, AICC, IDIS, stereo,
mobile phone and video/dvd and navigation instrument Mortorozation
in developing countries is increasing so fast. Mortorozation in
developing countries is increasing so fast.
Slide 9
General problems Traffic safety is a complex issue. Traffic
safety is a complex issue. Increased knowledge is a key factor to
success. Increased knowledge is a key factor to success. Safety is
the most important quality in traffic) Safety is the most important
quality in traffic) Most developing countries are not prepared to
take any active action to improve safety. Most developing countries
are not prepared to take any active action to improve safety. Many
countries continue to put large resources in trying to convince
road users from a safety view point - to change behaviour on a
voluntary basis. Many countries continue to put large resources in
trying to convince road users from a safety view point - to change
behaviour on a voluntary basis. To-day the understanding is
greater, but it is still as difficult to produce a change in
behaviour. To-day the understanding is greater, but it is still as
difficult to produce a change in behaviour.
Slide 10
Major Risk Factors Speeding : Speeding : Speed is a main factor
contributing to road traffic injuries in most countries. Speed is a
main factor contributing to road traffic injuries in most
countries. Drink-driving: Drink-driving: Alcohol consumption
increases both the likelihood of a crash occurring and the
seriousness of the injury sustained. Alcohol consumption increases
both the likelihood of a crash occurring and the seriousness of the
injury sustained.
Slide 11
Risk Factors Ctnd Non use Seat-belts: Non use Seat-belts:
Seat-belts have saved more lives than any other road safety
intervention in the event of a crash. Seat-belts have saved more
lives than any other road safety intervention in the event of a
crash. DMCs DMCs Vehicles in dangerous mechanical conditions have
greatly caused accidents especially along high ways Vehicles in
dangerous mechanical conditions have greatly caused accidents
especially along high ways
Slide 12
Risk Factors Poor road designs: Poor road designs: Separating
different types of traffic. Separating different types of traffic.
Providing safer routes for pedestrians and cyclists. Providing
safer routes for pedestrians and cyclists. Building pavements and
recognizable crossing structures for pedestrians. Reducing traffic
speeds by constructing speed bumps, rumble strips and roundabouts.
Building pavements and recognizable crossing structures for
pedestrians. Reducing traffic speeds by constructing speed bumps,
rumble strips and roundabouts.
Slide 13
What is done in return !
Slide 14
CHALENGES & HINDRANCES Lack of Political will. Lack of
Political will. Politicians are not ready to deal with the problem.
Politicians are not ready to deal with the problem. They infact
feel trheatened when speed reducing measures are introduced and
enforcement strengthened. Car drivers tend to complain and threaten
not to vote them into power again. They infact feel trheatened when
speed reducing measures are introduced and enforcement
strengthened. Car drivers tend to complain and threaten not to vote
them into power again. Forgeting one simple that in most cases when
drivers complain over an introduced safety measure,then the
situation is improving. Forgeting one simple that in most cases
when drivers complain over an introduced safety measure,then the
situation is improving.
Slide 15
Challenges Ctnd Little or no expertise in the profession.
Little or no expertise in the profession. Traffic safety experts
can articulate the three important safety dimensions Traffic safety
experts can articulate the three important safety dimensions i.e
RISK, EXPOSURE and CONSQUENCES and give scientific definitions and
solutions to the problem. i.e RISK, EXPOSURE and CONSQUENCES and
give scientific definitions and solutions to the problem.
Slide 16
Weak or no road safety policies. Developing countries should
improve on their road safety policies. Developing countries should
improve on their road safety policies. These Policies need to
address and priorities key areas. These Policies need to address
and priorities key areas. The Policies should lay out time plans.
The Policies should lay out time plans. The Policy has to include
all stake holders. The Policy has to include all stake
holders.
Slide 17
International forums For example; For example; The World Summit
on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg, South Africa, in
September 2002 did not include a single item on road safetya
growing problem in Africa and other low income and middle income
countries on its agenda, declaration, or plan of action The World
Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg, South
Africa, in September 2002 did not include a single item on road
safetya growing problem in Africa and other low income and middle
income countries on its agenda, declaration, or plan of action
Slide 18
Challenges Weak Economic Base. Weak Economic Base. Developing
countries are faced with declining agricultural output, foreign
debt burden, unemployment, poorly performing industry,
deteriorating healthcare systems, HIV/AIDS (Africa), environmental
insecurity, and political instability. Developing countries are
faced with declining agricultural output, foreign debt burden,
unemployment, poorly performing industry, deteriorating healthcare
systems, HIV/AIDS (Africa), environmental insecurity, and political
instability. This is the context in which the problem of road
safety has to be addressed. How does the prevailing economic
situation in Africa affect the amount of resources devoted to road
safety? This is the context in which the problem of road safety has
to be addressed. How does the prevailing economic situation in
Africa affect the amount of resources devoted to road safety?
Slide 19
Insufficient data collection. The definition of a road accident
fatality is not clear in many developing countries. The definition
of a road accident fatality is not clear in many developing
countries. For example : For example : Dead within Correction
Factor (IRTAD, 1998) 30 days (most EU countries) Base 7 days
(Italy) +8% 6 days (France) +6% 24 hours (G, P, Esp) +30% On the
spot? + 100%
Slide 20
Under reporting Under-reporting of road traffic injury is a
major problem in Developing countries and virtually all countries
of the world. Under-reporting of road traffic injury is a major
problem in Developing countries and virtually all countries of the
world. About 200 000 people died on African roads in 2002,and
probably many more but we do not have an accurate picture because
of the problem of under-reporting. About 200 000 people died on
African roads in 2002,and probably many more but we do not have an
accurate picture because of the problem of under-reporting.
Slide 21
Challenges Ctnd An example of reporting status in developed
countries. An example of reporting status in developed
countries.
Slide 22
Mean level of accident reporting by injury severity for a
number of countries
Slide 23
Injuries in police records versus hospital records
Slide 24
What can we do? Political will and commitment are important for
sustainable prevention of road traffic injuries. Political will and
commitment are important for sustainable prevention of road traffic
injuries. France managed to cut the number of car fatalities by 32
percent, from 8,162 in 2001 to 5,530 in 2004. France managed to cut
the number of car fatalities by 32 percent, from 8,162 in 2001 to
5,530 in 2004. "The issue was one of the key goals in the pre-
election campaign by Jacques Chirac in 2002 and the results
achieved after his election prove that national governments really
can do a lot within a short time if they really want to," said a
commission official. "The issue was one of the key goals in the
pre- election campaign by Jacques Chirac in 2002 and the results
achieved after his election prove that national governments really
can do a lot within a short time if they really want to," said a
commission official.
Slide 25
What about USAID, SIDA,DANIDA, CIDA, JICA etc.. Development
agencies need to place road safety in Developing countries and
elsewhere at the centre of the global agenda along with the
institutional, political, economic, and social issues which make
roads so dangerous. Development agencies need to place road safety
in Developing countries and elsewhere at the centre of the global
agenda along with the institutional, political, economic, and
social issues which make roads so dangerous. Monitoring and
Evaluation of these investments is key to success. Monitoring and
Evaluation of these investments is key to success.
Slide 26
Proposed Solutions Road traffic safety should be prioritized at
a global level Change in rank order of DALYs for the 10 leading
causes of the global burden of disease 1990 1990 2020 2020 Rank
Disease or Injury 1 Lower respiratory Infection 2 Diarrhoeal
Diseases 3 Prenatal conditions 4 Unipolar Major Depression 5
Ischeamic heart diseases 6 Cerebrovascular diseases 7 Tuberculosis
8 Measles 9 Road Traffic Injuries 10 Congenial Abnormalities 1
Ischeamc Heart diseases 2 Unipolar major depression 2 Road Traffic
Injuries 3 Cerebrovascular diseases 4 Chronic Obstructive 5
Pulmonary diseases 6 Lower respiratory infections 7 Tuberculosis 8
War 9 Diarrhoeal diseases 10 HIV
Slide 27
Input into research per DALY Estimated global research &
devpt funding for selected topics Disease or Injury US$Mn 1990
DALYs Rnkgs 2020 DALYs Rnkgs 1 HIV&AIDS 919-985 2 10 2 Malaria
60 8 ---- 3 Diarrhoeal Diseases 34 4 9 4 Road Traffic crashes 24-33
9 3 5 Tuberculosis 19-33 ----- 7
Slide 28
Propositions Trainings for Safety experts should be stepped up.
Trainings for Safety experts should be stepped up. Governments need
to emphasize & prioritize the E ngineering measures ahead of E
nforcement and E ducation. Governments need to emphasize &
prioritize the E ngineering measures ahead of E nforcement and E
ducation. Traffic safety levels should be International
determinants when allocating international meetings to countries.
Traffic safety levels should be International determinants when
allocating international meetings to countries.
Slide 29
Road Safety Audits need to be emphasized Stage 1
-Feasibility/Initial design Stage 2 -Preliminary design Stage 3
-Detailed design Stage 4 -Opening Stage 5 -Monitoring
Slide 30
Organization of Audit work Client Design Team Audit Team
Slide 31
Traffic safety is a very multidisciplinary activity
Psychologists * Physicists Psychologists * Physicists Behavioural
scientists* Police Behavioural scientists* Police Sociologists*
Biomechanics Sociologists* Biomechanics Social psychologists *
Statisticians Social psychologists * Statisticians Civil Engineers
* Mathematicians Civil Engineers * Mathematicians Mechanical
Engineers* Comm. experts Mechanical Engineers* Comm. experts
Electrical Engineers * Architects Electrical Engineers * Architects
Town planners Town planners All these players have to take
part.
Slide 32
Proposed Role of the National Road Safety Council in Uganda
Engineering/ Environment Emergency Medical Services Enforcement
Education and Publicity NRSC Safer Road User Behavior Safer Roads
Safer Vehicles Reduction & Prevention of Accidents Survival of
Accidents victims
Slide 33
Recommendations Real progress can be made if development
agencies and governments deal realistically with this context. Real
progress can be made if development agencies and governments deal
realistically with this context. Road safety is no accident: it is
the result of deliberate efforts by many sectors of society, both
governmental and non-governmental, that have acknowledged it to be
an important and valuable public good and have developed policies
and programs to support and maintain it. Road safety is no
accident: it is the result of deliberate efforts by many sectors of
society, both governmental and non-governmental, that have
acknowledged it to be an important and valuable public good and
have developed policies and programs to support and maintain
it.
Slide 34
The US The United States has a direct interest in improving
road safety overseas both from a humanitarian point of view and
also because several hundred American citizens die in overseas road
crashes every year with many taking place in Africa. The United
States has a direct interest in improving road safety overseas both
from a humanitarian point of view and also because several hundred
American citizens die in overseas road crashes every year with many
taking place in Africa. The United States as a leader in traffic
safety technology provides assistance to the developing world to
reduce traffic-related fatalities and to save lives The United
States as a leader in traffic safety technology provides assistance
to the developing world to reduce traffic-related fatalities and to
save lives Source: US Department of Transportation Source: US
Department of Transportation