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International Energy Agency (IEA)~Geothermal Implementing Agreement
~~~~~~~~~
Reflecting on 18 Years of Successful International Collaboration with a
View to the Future
M.A. Mongillo Secretary IEA-GIA & GNS Science,
Wairakei, New Zealand
C.J. BromleyChairman IEA-GIA & GNS Science,
Wairakei, New Zealand
World Geothermal Congress 2015; Melbourne, Australia, 19-25 April 2015
Current Global Energy Scene Growth in global energy demand is expected to continue Recent IEA Studies (2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013) show
5% increase in total primary energy supply (TPES) 2009-2010 For 2010-2011
• 3.1% increase in TPES (to 13,113 Mtoe (549 EJ)• 3.2% increase in electricity production (to 12,126 TWh)• Associated CO2 emissions increased 3.4% (to 31,342 Mt)
– 2012 estimates even higher: 31,600 MtContinuing along the current energy demand growth path, even with current positive government policies, will likely result in:
• 2020 energy-related GHG emissions ~4 Gt higher than consistent with 2 °C target• 3.6-5.3 °C increase in global temperature relative to pre-industrial levels by 2100
Now- real concern of not achieving limit of 2 °C increase
TPES
Current Global Energy Scene IEA continues investigate range scenarios to identify options to reduce emissions and
achieve the global temperature rise limit of 2 °C Most recent and encouraging: the Four-for-2 °C Scenario
• Can reduce growth in emissions to 3.1 Gt by 2020– ~80% savings needed for 2 °C path– No net economic cost
• Four policies– Adopt specific energy efficiency measures; e.g., energy performance for lighting– Limit construction and use least-efficient coal-fired power plants
• Great use of gas and renewable energies– Minimize CH4 emissions from upstream oil&gas venting and flaring– Accelerate partial phase-out subsidies to fossil-fuels consumption (US$ 523 B)
These policies can:Deliver significant reductions by 2020;
Rely only on existing technologies;Already adopted and proven in several countries;
Taken together would not harm economic growth in any country/region
Awareness current global energy situation and possible calamitous future climate change outcomes strong incentives for urgent action
Recent IPCC Reports and IEA Geothermal Roadmap conclude:Geothermal energy can make substantial contribution by providing
Long-term, secure, baseload electricity generation, and thermal energy for direct usesBy 2050: provide >3% global electricity demand and ~5% demand for heat
The International Energy Agency (IEA)
Founded in 1974 in response to oil crisis Energy forum for 29 countries Works to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for all countries Provides authoritative and unbiased research, statistics, analysis and
recommendations Focus on balanced energy policy making: energy security, economic
development, environmental awareness & engagement worldwide Implementing Agreements
Share research on breakthrough technologies Fill existing research gaps
Deploy or demonstrate technology & build pilot plants Currently 41 Implementing Agreements
Ten Renewable Energy Technologies Bioenergy, Geothermal, Hydrogen, Hydropower, Ocean Energy Systems,
Photovoltaic Power Systems, Renewable Energy Technology Deployment, Solar Heating and Cooling, Solar PACES and Wind Energy Systems
IEA Geothermal (GIA)
Established in March 1997 (operating 18 yrs) Well into 4th Term of operation (2013-2018) Provides versatile framework for
international cooperation among national, industry and organization geothermal programmes for Sharing information; developing technologies,
techniques and best practices for• Exploration, Development, Utilization
Producing & disseminating authoritative information and databases
Currently 18 Members: 14 Countries: Australia, France, Germany,
Iceland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Republic of Korea, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and the United States, & EC
3 Industry/Organization Members: CanGEA, Geothermal Group- APPA, ORMAT Technologies
Secretariat at GNS, Taupo, New Zealand
Mission
To promote the sustainable utilization of geothermal energy worldwide by optimizing
international collaboration to improve technologies, thereby rendering exploitable the vast and widespread global geothermal
resources, by facilitating knowledge transfer, by providing high quality information and by widely communicating geothermal energy’s
strategic, economic and environmental benefits, hence contributing to the
mitigation of climate change.
The GIA’s 4th Term Mission
To realize this Mission, GIA participants take part in one or more tasks in the current six major study areas (Annexes)
Current ActivitiesAnnex I: Environmental Impacts of Geothermal Energy Development (1997)
Clearly identify possible environmental effects and devise and adopt methods to avoid or minimize their impact.
Annex VII: Advanced Geothermal Drilling & Logging Technologies (2001) Investigate and promote methods to reduce drilling costs and logging
needs, clarify best practices and encourage the sharing of methods and technologies.
Annex VIII: Direct Use of Geothermal Energy (2003) Address all aspects of direct use technology with emphasis on
improving implementation, reducing costs and enhancing use.
Annex X: Data Collection and Information (2009/2010) Collect and analyze current capacity and use data.
Annex XI: Induced Seismicity (2010) Determine necessary actions to make EGS fluid injection a safe
and economical technology acceptable by the public and useful to the industry.
Annex XII: Deep Roots of Volcanic Geothermal Systems (2014) Advance knowledge on the nature and characteristics of the
heat sources and heat transfer in the roots of volcanic geothermal systems.
Annex III: Enhanced Geothermal Systems (1997; closed 2014)
Benefits of Membership
Increases R&D capabilities by combining efforts Avoids duplication and unproductive research Improves R&D cost effectiveness Provides easier access to key information,
research results and technological capabilities Provides impartial information and analysis to
help guide national policies and programmes Provides the opportunity to review current
issues, on-going and future research directions Helps develop technical standards and methods Investigates barriers to implementation Contributes to the development of energy
policies
Successful collaboration provides important benefits and contributions to Members and
international community
IEA Geothermal Representation
IEA support- raises profile of geothermal on international political scene
GIA significantly increased participation IEA RE Meetings and Workshops
GIA and “geothermal” representation NEET Workshops (Beijing, Moscow) Contributions to IEA publications
Energy Technology Initiatives 2013- Drilling Down Geothermal Costs- Annex VII
IEA OPEN Bulletin (>12,000 subscribers) Dealing with Induced Seismicity 2007 (Wikipedia) Review of WGC 2010
IEA Technology Roadmap for Geothermal Heat and Power 2011
Contributions and Achievements
GIA Participants testing a high temperature logging tool in a geothermal well to determine how to reduce costs (ETI 2013).
Cooperation with Other International Groups
Joint GIA/IGA Workshop on Geothermal Global Development Potential and Contribution to Mitigation of Climate Change- Madrid 2009
IPCC SRREN Report 2011- Chapter 4-Geothermal Energy
Lead/Contributing Authors and Reviewers IPGT/GIA Annex XI Joint Activities on Induced
Seismicity Induced Seismicity Protocol USDOE Geothermal Technologies Peer Review
2011, 2012 International Geothermal Association Joint effort to collect and publish up-to-date geothermal
power and direct heat use on annual basis
Contributions and Achievements
Redesigned Annexes Annex I (Environmental Impacts)
Sustainable Utilization Strategies Annex VIII (Direct Use)
Innovative Direct Use Applications Communication Guidelines for Geothermal Energy Statistics Statistics for GHP Applications
Initiated new Annexes X (Data Collection and Information)
2013- extended data collection to four non-Member countries (Indonesia, El Salvador, Kenya, Turkey)
XI (Induced Seismicity) Joint activity with IPGT
XII (Deep Roots of Volcanic Geothermal Systems)
Initiated Proposal Funding Scheme in 2009 Ten proposals funded (US$ 10 k each) Geothermics Special Issue- Sustainable Use Participation at several international workshops Global Review of Geothermal Reporting Terminology Co-supported:
Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy: Suitable Applications and Opportunities for Canada
Technology Cross-over between EGS and Hydrothermal Technology
Contributions and AchievementsExpanded Research and Information Activities
Major GIA Emphasis-Information Dissemination
Comprehensive public website: www.iea-gia.org
Comprehensive GIA Annual Reports Trends in Geothermal Applications annual
reports Participation at major international
renewable energy and geothermal conferences (Posters, Paper Presentations & Documents)
RE 2008 (Busan, Korea) WGC 2000, 2005, 2010 European Geothermal Congress (Pisa, Italy) GRC (2008-12) ; SGRW (2007-12) NZGW (2007-12)
Contributions and Achievements
GIA/GNS International Geothermal Sustainability Modelling Workshop, November, 2008, Taupo, NZ
GIA/IGA Global Development Potential, May 2009, Madrid, Spain
Provided input for IPCC SRREN report GIA/GNS Science How to Mitigate Environmental
Impacts of Geothermal Development Workshop, June 2012, Taupo, NZ
GIA/EDC Seminar on Innovative Ways to Enhance Permeability, Reduce Drilling Costs and Sustain Geothermal Production, September 2013, Tagaytay, Philippines
Joint International Seminars and Workshops
Highlighted Efforts
Geothermics Special Issue- Sustainable Utilization of Geothermal Energy
Guest Editors: Mike Mongillo & Guðni Axelsson 11 Papers (Electricity Generation & Direct Heat Use (incl. GHPs) Published: December 2010, Issue 39/4
Geothermal Sustainability Reservoir Modelling- 53rd SIMS Conference, Reykyavik, Iceland (October 2012)
SustainabilityHighlighted Efforts
Reducing Drilling Costs
Well drilling costs/performance database
Well costs simulator Drilling best-practices
handbook (December 2010)
Highlighted Efforts
IEA Technology Roadmap- Geothermal Heat and Power
3 International workshops Paris, USA and Indonesia
Several GIA contributors Published June 2011
Highlighted Efforts
Future Directions and Prospects Geothermal development continues to grow globally; BUT
Technical, political, financial & perceived barriers remain GIA’s efforts aim to raise geothermal recognition among the other
renewables and help overcome these barriers GIA will focus on key areas:
Refine global geothermal resource potential estimates and development costs Improve strategies for sustainable development and optimized performance Devise cost-effective EGS reservoir stimulation technologies that minimize
potential effects of induced seismicity Continue development of the database for geothermal drilling costs and
publish the spreadsheet calculator and seminar on geothermal drilling best practices
Collect current resource & development data/information, provide on the web Promote benefits of geothermal and contribution mitigate climate change Participate in major international and IEA meetings Convene international workshops and seminars Continue Membership growth
Indonesia, Philippines, China, India, etc.
Conclusions GIA has enjoyed considerable success through
its 18 years of international collaboration We believe that geothermal will contribute
significantly to the provision of energy to help satisfy the growing global demand,
BUT WE NEED TO:
Improve & develop new technologies Promote benefits of geothermal and its long-
term sustainable use Stress the contribution geothermal can make
to mitigation of climate change
This will require significant effort IEA-GIA is well placed to help lead this
international effort well into the future There is a Bright Future ahead The GIA invites and encourages new
membership from those who wish to contribute, to join us in this venture!
To Find Out More About The GIA
Visit the GIA Website
at
www.iea-gia.orgor
Contact the IEA-GIA Secretary