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Botanical ReportBotanical Report

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Short Notes of Equisetum Short Notes of Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides

Marek Marek NowickiNowicki ¹¹ , , BethBeth Zawada Zawada ²² , , ZoltZoltáánn SziliSzili 33

Poland / Czech Republic Poland / Czech Republic ¹¹ / USA / USA ²² / Hungary / Hungary 33

Corresponding author Corresponding author ¹¹ / nowicki84@tlen.pl/ nowicki84@tlen.pl

EquisetumEquisetum scirpoidesscirpoides, , EquisetumEquisetum, , HorsetailHorsetail, , EquisetologyEquisetology, Plant , Plant TaxonomyTaxonomy

EEquisetumquisetum is a genus of vascular plants that reproduce by spores rather tis a genus of vascular plants that reproduce by spores rather than seeds. The genus includes 15 han seeds. The genus includes 15

main species commonly known as horsetails and scouring rushes. Imain species commonly known as horsetails and scouring rushes. It is the only living genus in class t is the only living genus in class EquisetopsidaEquisetopsida, formerly of the division , formerly of the division EquisetophytaEquisetophyta ((ArthrophytaArthrophyta in older works), though recent in older works), though recent

molecular analyses place the genus within the ferns (molecular analyses place the genus within the ferns (PteridophytaPteridophyta). Other classes and orders of ). Other classes and orders of EquisetopsidaEquisetopsida are known from the fossil record, where they were important memare known from the fossil record, where they were important members of the world flora bers of the world flora

during the Carboniferous period.during the Carboniferous period.

EquisetumEquisetum

Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1061. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 484, 1754.Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1061. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 484, 1754.

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides Taxonomic Serial No.: 17151Taxonomic Serial No.: 17151

DDwarfwarf scouring rush or dwarf horsetailscouring rush or dwarf horsetail, , MichxMichx., Fl. Bor.., Fl. Bor.--AmerAmer. 2: 281 (1803). . 2: 281 (1803). 2 n = 216.2 n = 216. The smallest of the currently occurring representatives of the The smallest of the currently occurring representatives of the

genus Equisetum (Horsetail).genus Equisetum (Horsetail). Normally 20Normally 20--30 cm tall. Only the lower stem 30 cm tall. Only the lower stem portion evergreen. Distinguished from other Horsetails by its loportion evergreen. Distinguished from other Horsetails by its low, slender, w, slender,

wiry, wiry, unbranchedunbranched stems and its small size.stems and its small size.

Within Equisetum Within Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides there are two subspecies :there are two subspecies :

EquisetumEquisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . scirpoidesscirpoides, A. , A. MichauxMichaux, , FlFl. . Bor.Bor.--AmerAmer. 2: 281, 1803. 2: 281, 1803

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . wwalkowiakialkowiaki, , R. J. R. J. WalkowiakWalkowiak, IEA Paper 2008, IEA Paper 2008

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . scirpoidesscirpoides (A. (A. MichauxMichaux, Fl. Bor., Fl. Bor.--AmerAmer. 2: 281. 1803). 2: 281. 1803)[ [ HippochaeteHippochaete scirpoidesscirpoides ((MichauxMichaux, Farwell) ] , Farwell) ] -- Main subspecies, grows up to about 30 cm.Main subspecies, grows up to about 30 cm.

Hardy and semiHardy and semi--evergreen. Popular decorative plant seen in garden ponds, ornameevergreen. Popular decorative plant seen in garden ponds, ornamental ntal gardens and assumptions in nearly the whole world. Equisetum gardens and assumptions in nearly the whole world. Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides was discovered was discovered and described by French botanist Andrand described by French botanist Andréé MichauxMichaux. Detailed studies were conducted by the . Detailed studies were conducted by the

American botanist Oliver Atkins Farwell.American botanist Oliver Atkins Farwell.

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . walkowiakiwalkowiaki (R. J. (R. J. WalkowiakWalkowiak, IEA Paper 2008), IEA Paper 2008)[ Equisetum [ Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides ((sspssp.) minus (Lawson, .) minus (Lawson, MildeMilde) ] ) ] -- Smaller subspecies, grows up to Smaller subspecies, grows up to

about 15 cm. The botanical characteristics identical with the maabout 15 cm. The botanical characteristics identical with the main subspecies. Subspecies in subspecies. Subspecies described by Scottish botanist George Lawson and eminent German described by Scottish botanist George Lawson and eminent German botanist Carl August botanist Carl August

Julius Julius MildeMilde, but without a proper taxonomic name, which gave the Polish bot, but without a proper taxonomic name, which gave the Polish botanist anist RadosRadosłławaw JanuszJanusz WalkowiakWalkowiak ((subspsubsp. . walkowiakiwalkowiaki). This is the smallest living Horsetail.). This is the smallest living Horsetail.

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . scirpoidesscirpoides (A. (A. MichauxMichaux, Fl. Bor., Fl. Bor.--AmerAmer. 2: 281. 1803) . 2: 281. 1803)

Dwarf scouring rush, Dwarf scouring rush, prêleprêle fauxfaux--scirpescirpe, Subspecies , Subspecies –– 2 2 –– medicinal plant, ornamental plant. medicinal plant, ornamental plant. AerialAerial stemsstems persistingpersisting moremore thanthan a a yearyear, , unbranchedunbranched, , tortuoustortuous, 2.5 , 2.5 -- 30 cm; 30 cm; lineslines ofof stomatesstomatessingle; single; ridgesridges 6. 6. SheathsSheaths greengreen proximallyproximally, , blackblack distallydistally, , ellipticelliptic inin faceface viewview, 1 , 1 -- 2.5 2.5 ×× 0.75 0.75 --1.5 mm; 1.5 mm; teethteeth 3, 3, darkdark withwith whitewhite marginsmargins, not , not articulatearticulate to to sheathsheath. . ConeCone apexapex pointedpointed; ; sporessporesgreengreen, , sphericspheric. 2 n = 216. . 2 n = 216. ConesCones maturingmaturing inin summersummer, , oror conescones overwinteringoverwintering andand sheddingshedding

sporesspores inin springspring. Wet . Wet woodswoods, , peatpeat bogsbogs, tundra; 0 , tundra; 0 -- 1000 m; 1000 m; GreenlandGreenland; St. ; St. PierrePierre andandMiquelonMiquelon; ; AltaAlta., B.C., ., B.C., ManMan., N.B., ., N.B., NfldNfld., N.W.T., N.S., ., N.W.T., N.S., OntOnt., P.E.I., ., P.E.I., QueQue., ., SaskSask., ., YukonYukon; Alaska, ; Alaska,

Idaho, Idaho, IllIll., Iowa, ., Iowa, MaineMaine, , MassMass., Mich., ., Mich., MinnMinn., Mont., N.H., N.Y., ., Mont., N.H., N.Y., S.DakS.Dak., ., VtVt., ., WashWash., ., WisWis.;.;NN--EurasiaEurasia..

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . scirpoidesscirpoides (A. (A. MichauxMichaux, Fl. Bor., Fl. Bor.--AmerAmer. 2: 281. 1803) . 2: 281. 1803)

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . scirpoidesscirpoides (A. (A. MichauxMichaux, Fl. Bor., Fl. Bor.--AmerAmer. 2: 281. 1803) . 2: 281. 1803)

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . scirpoidesscirpoides (A. (A. MichauxMichaux, Fl. Bor., Fl. Bor.--AmerAmer. 2: 281. 1803) . 2: 281. 1803)

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . walkowiakiwalkowiaki (R. J. (R. J. WalkowiakWalkowiak, IEA Paper 2008), IEA Paper 2008)

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . walkowiakiwalkowiaki (R. J. (R. J. WalkowiakWalkowiak, IEA Paper 2008), IEA Paper 2008)

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . walkowiakiwalkowiaki (R. J. (R. J. WalkowiakWalkowiak, IEA Paper 2008), IEA Paper 2008)

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . walkowiakiwalkowiaki (R. J. (R. J. WalkowiakWalkowiak, IEA Paper 2008), IEA Paper 2008)

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IEA HERBARIUMIEA HERBARIUMPolandPoland & Czech & Czech RepublicRepublic

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Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . walkowiakiwalkowiaki (R. J. (R. J. WalkowiakWalkowiak, IEA Paper 2008), IEA Paper 2008)

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . walkowiakiwalkowiaki (R. J. (R. J. WalkowiakWalkowiak, IEA Paper 2008), IEA Paper 2008)

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . walkowiakiwalkowiaki (R. J. (R. J. WalkowiakWalkowiak, IEA Paper 2008), IEA Paper 2008)

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . walkowiakiwalkowiaki (R. J. (R. J. WalkowiakWalkowiak, IEA Paper 2008), IEA Paper 2008)

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . walkowiakiwalkowiaki (R. J. (R. J. WalkowiakWalkowiak, IEA Paper 2008), IEA Paper 2008)

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . walkowiakiwalkowiaki (R. J. (R. J. WalkowiakWalkowiak, IEA Paper 2008), IEA Paper 2008)

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . walkowiakiwalkowiaki (R. J. (R. J. WalkowiakWalkowiak, IEA Paper 2008), IEA Paper 2008)

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . walkowiakiwalkowiaki (R. J. (R. J. WalkowiakWalkowiak, IEA Paper 2008), IEA Paper 2008)

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . walkowiakiwalkowiaki (R. J. (R. J. WalkowiakWalkowiak, IEA Paper 2008), IEA Paper 2008)

Equisetum Equisetum scirpoidesscirpoides sspssp. . walkowiakiwalkowiaki (R. J. (R. J. WalkowiakWalkowiak, IEA Paper 2008), IEA Paper 2008)

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