International Human Rights Law and Practice -...

International Human Rights Law and Practice

Human rights law is a complex but compelling subject that fascinates students but also confuses them. This innovative textbook explores human rights law from a theoretical and practical perspective. Case studies and interviews with specialist practitioners, NGO activists and policy-makers show how theory is applied in real life. The up-to-date coverage includes introductions to impor-tant fi elds such as globalisation, poverty and advocacy. Student learning is supported by questions to stimulate seminar discussion and further reading sections that encourage independent study. The authors’ combined expertise, engaging writing style and ability to clarify not simplify ensures that this important new book will become required reading for all students of human rights law.

Ilias Bantekas is Professor of International Law and Human Rights at Brunel University and a senior fellow at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London. He has advised governments, international organisa-tions and NGOs in most fi elds of human rights and international law.

Lutz Oette is lecturer at SOAS, University of London, and Counsel at REDRESS, an international human rights organisation seeking justice and reparation for torture survivors. He has been involved in human rights cases before regional and international bodies, and has engaged with a range of actors in comparative research, advocacy and reform projects aimed at developing and implementing international human rights standards.

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-19642-0 - International Human Rights Law and PracticeIlias Bantekas and Lutz Oette FrontmatterMore information

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

http://www.cambridge.org/9780521196420

http://www.cambridge.org







International Human Rights Law and Practice

Ilias Bantekas and Lutz Oette






www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521196420 © Ilias Bantekas and Lutz Oette 2013

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2013

Printed in the United Kingdom by Clays, St Ives plc. A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Bantekas, Ilias.International human rights law and practice / Ilias Bantekas and Lutz Oette. p. cm.Includes index.ISBN 978-0-521-19642-0 (hardback)1. Human rights. 2. Practice of law. I. Oette, Lutz. II. Title. K3240.B36 2013341.4′8 – dc23 2012039914

ISBN 978-0-521-19642-0 Hardback ISBN 978-0-521-15236-5 Paperback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom

Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.

It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education learningand research at the highest international levels of excellence.

3rd printing 2015






CONTENTS

List of abbreviations page x Table of cases xix

Introduction 1

1 International human rights law and notions of human rights: foundations, achievements and challenges 9

1.1 Introduction 9 1.2 The development of human rights and international human rights law 11 1.3 Current challenges 27 1.4 The idea of human rights: theories and critiques 32 1.5 Universal human rights: contestations and practices 37 Further reading 49

2 International human rights law: the normative framework 50 2.1 Introduction 50 2.2 Sources 53 2.3 Rights, obligations and scope of application 72 2.4 Implementation 78 2.5 Human rights treaties as self-contained regimes 86 2.6 Practical application: the role of law reform 88 Further reading 95

3 Human rights in practice 96 3.1 Introduction 96 3.2 Civil society 97 3.3 Social movements 99 3.4 NGOs 101 3.5 Human rights defenders 109 3.6 Legal professionals and human rights 113 3.7 Health professionals and human rights 117 3.8 Human rights fi eld offi cers 118






vi Contents

3.9 Human rights strategies 122 Further reading 144

4 The United Nations Charter system 145 4.1 Introduction 145 4.2 The human rights dimension of the Charter 146 4.3 The Human Rights Council 150 4.4 Special procedures 160 4.5 The General Assembly and human rights 168 4.6 The Security Council 170 Further reading 180

5 The UN human rights treaty system 181 5.1 Introduction 181 5.2 Common features of international human rights treaty bodies 183 5.3 Reporting procedure 187 5.4 General comments/recommendations 197 5.5 Complaints procedures and jurisprudence of treaty bodies 200 Further reading 218

6 Regional human rights treaty systems 219 6.1 Introduction 219 6.2 The European human rights system 221 6.3 The Inter-American human rights system 243 6.4 The African human rights system 255 6.5 Towards an Asian human rights system? 269 6.6 Comparison of regional systems 270 Further reading 271

7 Individual complaints procedures 273 7.1 Introduction 273 7.2 Admissibility 274 7.3 Merits 293 7.4 Decisions by human rights treaty bodies 296 7.5 Implementation of decisions and judgments 298 7.6 Additional procedural options 303 7.7 The Hissène Habré case: the interplay between domestic, regional and international proceedings 309 Further reading 311

8 Civil and political rights 313 8.1 Introduction 313 8.2 The right to life 314






vii Contents

8.3 The right to be free from torture 326 8.4 The right to liberty and security 338 8.5 The right to a fair trial 345 8.6 Enforced disappearance as multiple human rights violation 351 8.7 Qualifi ed rights, with a particular focus on freedom of expression 359 Further reading 365

9 Economic, social and cultural rights 366 9.1 Introduction 366 9.2 Brief historical context of economic, social and cultural rights 367 9.3 Progressive realisation and the nature of state obligations 369 9.4 Resource implications: the obligation to utilise ‘maximum available resources’ 374 9.5 Minimum core obligations 377 9.6 Justiciability of economic, social and cultural rights 380 9.7 Indicators and benchmarks for measuring compliance 386 9.8 The right to health 390 9.9 The right to water 393

9.10 The right to education 397 9.11 The right to food 400

Further reading 407

10 Group rights: self-determination, minorities and indigenous peoples 409 10.1 Introduction 409 10.2 The nature of collective rights 410 10.3 Minorities as a subject of human rights 423 10.4 Indigenous peoples: is there a need for additional protection? 435

Further reading 451

11 The human rights of women 452 11.1 Introduction 452 11.2 Normative framework 454 11.3 Conceptual development 467 11.4 Women’s human rights and domestic contexts: ‘honour crimes’ in the English legal system 475

Further reading 483

12 The right to development, poverty and related rights 484 12.1 Introduction 484 12.2 The human dimension of development 485 12.3 The right to development 488 12.4 Global partnerships for the fi nancing of development 496 12.5 Practical application 500






viii Contents

12.6 Debt relief and the enjoyment of fundamental rights 507 12.7 The right to a corruption-free society 512 12.8 The right to a healthy environment 516

Further reading 521

13 Victims’ rights and reparation 522 13.1 Introduction 522 13.2 The development of the right to reparation 524 13.3 The right to reparation in international human rights law 526 13.4 The right to reparation in international humanitarian law 531 13.5 The right to reparation in international criminal law 532 13.6 The right to reparation and violations by non-state actors 533 13.7 The right to reparation for historical injustices and violations 534 13.8 The notion and legal signifi cance of the term ‘victim’ 536 13.9 The procedural right to an effective remedy 537

13.10 The substantive right to reparation 539 13.11 The double-edged sword of victims’ politics 552 13.12 Negotiating, litigating and administering reparations: experiences from the Holocaust and World War II reparations 554 13.13 Reparation in action: litigating human rights cases 557

Further reading 565

14 The application of human rights in armed confl ict and the international criminalisation process 567

14.1 Introduction 567 14.2 The fundamental premises of international humanitarian law 568 14.3 Rights and obligations in humanitarian law 573 14.4 Humanitarian law as lex specialis to human rights law 575 14.5 Why human rights bodies fi nd the application of humanitarian law problematic 577 14.6 Human rights in situations of military occupation 579 14.7 The relevance of the law to battlefi eld conditions 589 14.8 Fundamentals of international criminal justice 599 14.9 The enforcement of international criminal law 603

Further reading 612

15 Human rights and counter-terrorism 613 15.1 Introduction 613 15.2 The legal nature of terrorism 615 15.3 The discussion on underlying or root causes 617 15.4 The obligation of states to protect their populations from terrorism 619 15.5 Human rights in counter-terrorism operations 622 15.6 The right to life in counter-terrorism operations 629






ix

15.7 Attempts to justify arbitrary detention 634 15.8 Unlawful extraditions and illegal renditions of suspected terrorists 638 15.9 Legal and other strategies regarding disappeared terrorist suspects 645

Further reading 654

16 Non-state actors and human rights 656 16.1 Introduction 656 16.2 The status of non-state actors in human rights law 657 16.3 Multinational corporations in the human rights architecture 661 16.4 Human rights obligations of international organisations 674 16.5 National liberation movements and armed rebel groups 679

Further reading 686

17 Globalisation and its impact on human rights 687 17.1 Introduction 687 17.2 The origins and nature of globalisation 689 17.3 Does the existing model of trade liberalisation promote development and alleviate poverty? 692 17.4 How intellectual property rights hinder access to essential medicines for the poorest 700 17.5 The impact of globalisation on transnational labour relations: the outsourcing of labour 703 17.6 The challenge of mass irregular migration 705 17.7 The McLibel case: sales globalisation and its impact on rights 708

Further reading 711

Index 712

Contents






ABBREVIATIONS

AA American Anthropologist AC Appeal cases law reports (England) ACHPR African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights ACHR American Convention on Human Rights ACJ African Court of Justice ACP African, Caribbean and Pacifi c ACtHPR African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights AD Annual Digest ADB African Development Bank Afr. Hum. Rts. L. J . African Human Rights Law Journal AHRLR African Human Rights Law Reports AI Amnesty International AICHR ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human

Rights AIR All India Reports AJICL African Journal of International and Comparative Law AJIL American Journal of International Law All ER All England Reports ALR Australian Law Reports Am. J. Comp. L . American Journal of Comparative Law Am. U. Int’l L. Rev . American University International Law Review Anon Anonymous APJHRL Asia Pacifi c Journal on Human Rights and the Law AQ Americas Quarterly ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations ASQ African Studies Quarterly AU African Union AYIL Australian Yearbook of International Law BCLR Butterworth’s Constitutional Law Reports (RSA) BDT Bangladeshi taka Berkeley J. Int’l L . Berkeley Journal of International Law BGH Bundesgerichtshof (German Federal Court of Justice) BHRC Butterworth’s Human Rights Cases BiH Bosnia and Herzegovina






xi

BIT bilateral investment treaty BLD Bangladesh Legal Decision (reports) BLR Botswana Law Reports BOP balance of payments Brook. J. Int’l L . Brooklyn Journal of International Law B.U. Int’l L. J . Boston University International Law Journal BVerfGE Bundesverfassungsgericht (German Constitutional Court) BVerwGE Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Federal Administrative

Court of Germany) BYIL British Yearbook of International Law CA Cultural Anthropology Cal. W. Int’l L. J . California Western International Law Journal CAT Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman

or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CED Committee on Enforced Disappearances CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of

Discrimination against Women CEJIL Centre for Justice and International Law CERD Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination CESCR Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights CETS Council of Europe Treaty Series Chi. J. Int’l L. Chinese Journal of International Law CIA Central Intelligence Agency CIF commodity investment fund CIL customary international law CJE Cambridge Journal of Education CJQ Civil Justice Quarterly CLP Current Legal Problems CLR Commonwealth Law Reports Cm Command Paper (UK) CMW Committee on Migrant Workers CoE Council of Europe COHRE Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions Colum. Hum. Columbia Human Rights Law Review Rts. L. Rev. Colum. J. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law Transnat’l L. CoM Committee of Ministers (Europe) CommHR Commission on Human Rights (UN) Conn. J. Int’l L. Connecticut Journal of International Law CPA comprehensive peace agreement CPED International Convention for the Protection of All

Persons from Enforced Disappearance

Abbreviations






xii Abbreviations

CPP-NPA Communist Party of the Philippines – New People’s Army

CPT European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child CRPD Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe CSOs civil society organisations CtAT Committee against Torture CtEDAW Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination

against Women CtRC Committee on the Rights of the Child CtRPD Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities DaC Development and Change DAC Development Assistance Committee (OECD) DEVAW Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against

Women DLR Dominion Law Reports DPP Director of Public Prosecutions (England) D & R Decisions and Reports of the European Committee on

Human Rights DTA Detainee Treatment Act (USA) EAC East African Community EBA everything but arms EC European Communities ECHR European Convention on Human Rights ECJ European Court of Justice ECOSOC Economic and Social Council ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ECR European Court Reports (ECJ) ECSR European Committee of Social Rights ECtHR European Court of Human Rights EHRLR European Human Rights Law Review EHRR European Human Rights Reports EJIL European Journal of International Law Emory Int’l L. Rev. Emory International Law Review ESC European Social Charter ESC[R] economic, social and cultural rights EU European Union EWHC High Court of England and Wales F. Federal reporter (USA) FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation FCO Foreign and Commonwealth Offi ce (UK)






xiii

FDI foreign direct investment FGC female genital cutting FGM female genital mutilation FILJ Fordham International Law Journal FPIC free, prior and informed consent FRY Federal Republic of Yugoslavia G-77 Group of 77 (nations) Ga. J. Int’l Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law & Comp. L. GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GDP gross domestic product GDR German Democratic Republic (East Germany) GEF Global Environmental Facility Geo. Int’l Envtl. Georgia International Environmental Law Review L. Rev . Geo Wash Int’l George Washington International Law Review L. Rev GJIL Göttingen Journal of International Law GPQ The Geneva Post Quarterly GRI Global Reporting Initiative GSP Generalised System of Preferences GYBIL German Yearbook of International Law Harv. Hum. Rts. J. Harvard Human Rights Journal Harv. Int’l L. J. Harvard International Law Journal Harv. L. Rev. Harvard Law Review Hastings Int’l & Hastings International and Comparative Law Review Comp. L. Rev . Hastings L. J . Hastings Law Journal HCJ High Court of Justice (Israel) HDI Human Development Index HIPC highly indebted poor countries HKLJ Hong Kong Law Journal HPG Humanitarian Policy Group HRBA human rights-based approach HRC Human Rights Council HRCtee Human Rights Committee HRLJ Human Rights Law Journal HRLR Human Rights Law Review HRQ Human Rights Quarterly HRW Human Rights Watch IACHR Inter-American Commission on Human Rights IACtHR Inter-American Court of Human Rights IBP international budget partnerships

Abbreviations






xiv

IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICC International Criminal Court ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICERD International Convention on the Elimination of All

Forms of Racial Discrimination ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and

Cultural Rights ICHRP International Council on Human Rights Policy ICJ International Court of Justice ICL international criminal law ICLQ International and Comparative Law Quarterly ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ICRMW International Convention on the Protection of the

Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families

ICSPA International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid

ICTR International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ICTY International Criminal Tribunal for the former

Yugoslavia IDPs internally displaced persons IFHR International Federation for Human Rights IGO inter governmental organisation IHL international humanitarian law IJCL International Journal of Constitutional Law IJHR International Journal of Human Rights IJNfPL International Journal of Not-for-Profi t Law IJTJ International Journal of Transitional Justice ILA International Law Association ILC International Law Commission ILM International Legal Materials ILO International Labour Organisation ILR International Law Reports IMF International Monetary Fund IMT International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg Int’l Crim. L. Rev. International Criminal Law Review Int’l Hum. Rts. International Human Rights Law Review L. Rev . Int’l Law . International Lawyer IOLR International Organisations Law Review IP intellectual property IPC Immovable Property Commission (TRNC) IPCC Independent Police Complaints Commission

(England and Wales)

Abbreviations






xv

IPP indigenous peoples plan IPPF indigenous peoples planning framework IRA Irish Republican Army IRRC International Review Red Cross ISC Intelligence and Security Committee (UK) Israel L. Rev. Israel Law Review JAL Journal of African Law JCL Journal of Comparative Law JHRP Journal of Human Rights Practice JICJ Journal of International Criminal Justice JIDS Journal of International Dispute Settlement J. Int’l Econ. L. Journal of International Economic Law JMEWS Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies JRAI Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute JWIP Journal of World Intellectual Property KB King’s Bench KFOR Kosovo Force LDCs least developed countries LGBT lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender LJIL Leiden Journal of International Law LNTS League of Nations Treaty Series LOPJ Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial LSI Law and Social Inquiry LTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam MDER minimum dietary energy requirements MDGs Millennium Development Goals Melb. J. Int’l L. Melbourne Journal of International Law MER Middle East Report MFI micro-fi nancing institution MI5 military intelligence, section 5 (UK) MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Mil L. Rev. Military Law Review MLJ Malaysian Law Journal MLR Modern Law Review MMDA Model Mine Development Agreement MNC multinational corporation MoU memorandum of understanding MPA Metropolitan Police Authority (England) MPYBUNL Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NBC nuclear, biological and chemical fi rst aid kit NgHC Nigerian High Court NGO non governmental organisation NHRI national human rights institution

Abbreviations






xvi

NJIL Nordic Journal of International Law NLM national liberation movement Notre Dame L. Rev . Notre Dame Law Review NQHR Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights NSAs non-state actors NTC National Transitional Council (Libya) N.Y.U.J. Int’l L. New York University Journal of International & Pol. Law and Politics OAS Organisation of American States OAU Organisation of African Unity ODA overseas development assistance OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and

Development OHCHR Offi ce of the High Commissioner for Human Rights OIC Organisation of Islamic Cooperation OJ Offi cial Journal (EC) OLC Offi ce of the Legal Counsel (US Dept. of Justice) OP Operational Policy (World Bank) OPCAT Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture OPML Oplam Missing Link OSCE Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe PAT poverty assessment tool PATH Peace Advocates for Truth, Healing and Justice PB participatory budgeting PCIJ Permanent Court of International Justice PII public interest immunity PKK Kurdistan Workers’ Party PLD All Pakistan Legal Decisions PLO Palestine Liberation Organisation PNS parasympathetic nervous system POW prisoner of war PRGF poverty reduction growth facility PRSP poverty reduction strategy paper PSBS Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences QB Queen’s Bench R 61 Rule 61 decision (ICTY) RdC Recueil des Cours/Académie de Droit International de

La Haye RHM Reproductive Health Matters ROE rules of engagement RSA Republic of South Africa RSLR River State Law Reports (Nigeria) RTD right to development RTHE right to a healthy environment

Abbreviations






xvii

SA South African (law reports) SADC South African Development Community SADCLJ SADC Law Journal SALR South African Law Reports SAP structural adjustment programme SCC Supreme Court Cases (India) SCR Supreme Court Reports (India) SCR Supreme Court Reports (Canada) S. Ct. Supreme Court Reports (USA) SERAC Social and Economic Rights Action Centre SIA social impact assessment SIA Sovereign Immunities Act (UK) SME small and medium enterprises SNS sympathetic nervous system SPISGSS Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State

and Society SPLM Sudan People’s Liberation Movement SPT Subcommittee on the Prevention of Torture SSM Social Science & Medicine SSN South–South Network Stan. J. Int’l L . Stanford Journal of International Law Stan. L. Rev . Stanford Law Review Stat. US Statutes at-large SUR-IJHR SUR–International Journal on Human Rights Tex. L. Rev. Texas Law Review TI Transparency International Transnat’l L. & Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems Comp. Probs. TRIPS Trade-Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights TRNC Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus UCLA L. Rev. University of California Los Angeles Law Review UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights UHRC Uganda Human Rights Commission UK United Kingdom UKHL UK House of Lords UKSC UK Supreme Court UN United Nations UNAMID AU/UN Hybrid operation in Darfur UNCAC UN Convention against Corruption UNCTAD UN Commission for Trade and Development UNDP UN Development Programme UNDRIP UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientifi c and Cultural

Organisation

Abbreviations






xviii

UNGA UN General Assembly UNHCR UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF UN International Children’s Emergency Fund UNMIK UN Mission in Kosovo UNMIS UN Mission in Sudan UNOSAT UN Operational Satellite Applications Program UNOSOM UN Operation in Somalia UNRIAA UN Reports of International Arbitral Awards UNSC UN Security Council UNTS UN Treaty Series U. Pa. J. Bus. L . University of Pennsylvania Journal of Business Law U. Pa. J. Int’l L . University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law UPR universal periodic review U. Rich. L. Rev . University of Richmond Law Review US US Supreme Court [reporter] USA United States of America USC United States Codes Vand. J. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law Transnat’l L . Vand L. Rev. Vanderbilt Law Review VAT value added tax VCLT Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties VIJVNO Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Non-

profi t Organizations Virginia JIL Virginia Journal of International Law WAF Women’s Action Forum (Pakistan) WFS world food summits WG working group WGEID working group on enforced or involuntary

disappearances WHO World Health Organisation WLR Weekly Law Reports WMA World Medical Association WTO World Trade Organisation WW World War Yale Hum. Rts. Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal & Dev. L. J. Yale J. Int’l L . Yale Journal of International Law Yale L. J. Yale Law Journal ZACC Constitutional Court of South Africa [reports] ZaöRV Zeitschrift für ausländisches und öffentliches Recht

Abbreviations






TABLE OF CASES

ARBITRATION TRIBUNALS

Netherlands v. United States [Island of Palmas case], (1928) 2 UNRIAA 831, 438n.88

Tecnicas Medioambientales Tecmed SA v. Mexico, ILM 43 (2004), 667, 667n.33 Tinoco Arbitration (Great Britain v. Costa Rica), AJIL 18 (1923), 147, 508 , 509n.62 USA-UK Cayuga Indians Arbitral Award, (1926) 6 UNRIAA 173, 438n.88

INTERNATIONAL CASES

African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights

Achuthan, Krishna (on behalf of Aleke Banda), Amnesty International (on behalf of Orton and Vera Chirwa), Amnesty International (on behalf of Orton and Vera Chirwa) v. Malawi, 64/92-68/92-78/92 (1994), 258n.200

Amnesty International and Others v. Sudan, 48/90, 50/91, 52/91, 89/93 (1999), 112n.1 , 258n.200 , 353n.221 , 353–4 n.2 23

Article 19 v. Eritrea, 275/03 (2007), 259n.203 , 277n.15 , 353n.221 Article 19 and Others v. Zimbabwe, 305/05 (2010), 291n.93 Association of Victims of Post Electoral Violence and Interights v. Cameroon,

272/03 (2009), 259 n.2 03 , 259 n.208, 260n.213 Centre for Minority Rights Development (Kenya) and Minority Rights Group (on

behalf of Endorois Welfare Council) v. Kenya, [Endorois case], 276/03 (2009), 259n.206 , 260n.216 , 277n.16 , 437n.84 , 443, 443n.101–3 , 444 n.1 04–5

Constitutional Rights Project v. Nigeria, 60/91 (1995), 287n.72 Cudjoe, Alfred B. v. Ghana, 221/98 (1999), 287n.74 Darfur Relief and Documentation Centre v. Sudan, 310/05 (2009), 291n.93 Dawda Jawara v. The Gambia, 147/95-149/96 (2000), 289–90n.93 , 286n.68 ,

287n.68 Democratic Republic of Congo v. Burundi, Rwanda, and Uganda, 227/99 (2003),

259 , 259n.204 , 280n.28 , 529 , 532n.44 , 577n.25 Doebbler, Curtis Francis v. Sudan, 236/2000 (2003), 333n.112 Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights and Interights v. Arab Republic of Egypt,

334/06 (2011), 65n.78 , 350n.5 , 351n.6






xx Table of cases

Elgak, Monim, Osman Hummeida and Amir Suliman v. Sudan, 379/2009 (pending as of July 2012), 113n.2

Free Legal Assistance Group, Lawyers’ Committee for Human Rights, Union Interafricaine des Droits de l’Homme, Les Témoins de Jehovah v. Democratic Republic of Congo, 25/89-47/90-56/91-100/93 (1996), 258n.200

Ilesanmi v. Nigeria, 268/03 (2005), 287n.74 Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa (on behalf of Esmaila

Connateh and 13 others) v. Angola, 292/04 (2008), 259n.203 Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa (on behalf of Sierra

Leonean refugees in Guinea) v. Guinea, 249/02 (2004), 259n.203 Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa (on behalf of Simbar-

akiye) v. Democratic Republic of Congo, 247/2002 (2003), 288n.81 Interights et al. (on behalf of Mariette Sonjaleen Bosch) v. Botswana, 240/2001

(2003), 319n.24 Interights, Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa, and Asso-

ciation mauritanienne des droits de l’Homme v. Mauritania, 242/01 (2004), 277n.16

International Pen and Others v. Nigeria, 137/94, 139/94, 154/96 and 161/97 (1998), 110n.65 , 258n.201 , 303n.157 , 304n.165 , 320n.31

Katangese Peoples’ Congress v. Zaire, 75/92 (1995), 418n.22 Majuru, Michael v. Zimbabwe, 308/05 (2008), 291n.93 Malawi African Association, Amnesty International, Ms Sarr Diop, Union

interafricaine des droits de l’Homme and RADDHO, Collectif des veuves et ayants-Droit, Association mauritanienne des droits de l’Homme v. Mauri-tania, 54/91-61/91-96/93-98/93-164/97-196/97-210/98 (2000), 258n.200

Media Rights Agenda and Others v. Nigeria, 105/93, 128/94, 130/94, 152/96 (1998), 256n.186 , 260n.211

Modise, John K. v. Botswana, 97/93 (2000), 261, 261 n.1 , 542 Mouvement Burkinabé des Droits de l’Homme et des Peuples v. Burkina Faso,

204/97 (2001), 258n.200 , 353 n.2 19, 353 n.220 Mouvement ivoirien des droits humains (MIDH) v. Cote d’Ivoire, 246/02 (2008),

259n.203 Organisation mondiale contre la torture, Association Internationale des juristes

démocrates, Commission internationale des juristes, Union interafricaine des droits de l’Homme v. Rwanda, 27/89-46/91-49/91-99/93 (1996), 258n.200

Ouko, John D. v. Kenya, 232/99 (2000), 288n.81 Prince, Garreth Anver v. South Africa, 255/02 (2004), 260n.212 Purohit and Moore v. The Gambia, 241/2001(2003), 289n.83 Social and Economic Rights Action Center (SERAC) and Center for Economic

and Social Rights (CESR) v. Nigeria [Ogoniland case], 155/96 (2001), 259 , 260, 259 n.2 05 , 260n.216, 277n.16 , 401, 401 n.1 30 , 518n.103 , 664n.20

Sudan Human Rights Organisation and Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (COHRE) v. Sudan, 279/03-296/05 (2009), 143n.13 , 259 n.2 03 , 259n.207,260n.216 , 288n.79 , 295n.118






xxi Table of cases

UN Declaration on Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Advisory opinion (2007), 437n.83

Union interafricaine des droits de l’Homme, Fédération internationale des ligues des droits de l’Homme, RADDHO, Organisation nationale des droits de l’Homme au Sénégal and Association malienne des droits de l’Homme v. Angola, 159/96 (1997), 258n.200

Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum v. Zimbabwe, 245/02 (2006), 259 n.203 , 259 n.208 , 260n.215 , 323n.52

Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights and Associated Newspapers of Zimbabwe v. Zimbabwe, 284/03 (2009), 276n.7

Zitha, J. E. and P. J. L. Zitha v. Mozambique, 361/08 (2011), 285n.58

African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child

IHRDA and Open Society Justice Initiative (OSJI) (on behalf of children of Nubian descent in Kenya) v. Kenya, 002/09 (2011), 261n.2

African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights

African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights v. Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, App. no. 004/2011, Order of provisional measures (25 March 2011), 263n.229

Yogogombaye, Michelot v. The Republic of Senegal, App. no. 01/2008, Judg-ment of 15 December 2009, 263n.228 , 278n.20 , 310n.176

Committee against Torture

Agiza v. Sweden, UN Doc. CAT/C/34/D/233/2003 (20 May 2005), 210n.143 , 211 , 639n.93

A. H. v. Sweden, UN Doc. CAT/C/37/D/265/2005 (16 November 2006), 287n.72

Attia v. Sweden, UN Doc. CAT/C/31/D/199/2002 (17 November 2003), 210n.143 Dimitrijevic v. Serbia and Montenegro, UN Doc. CAT/C/33/D/207/2002

(24 November 2004), 210n.145 Dzemajil et al. , Hajrizi v. Serbia and Montenegro, UN Doc. CAT/

C/29/D/161/2000 (21 November 2002), 210n.146 , 330n.95 , 331n 98 Elmi v. Australia, UN Doc. CAT/C/22/D/120/1998 (14 May 1999), 210n.144 ,

331n97 Guengueng v. Senegal, UN Doc. CAT/C/36/D/181/2001 (17 May 2006),

210n.147 , 309n.174 Guridi v. Spain, UN Doc. CAT/C/34/D/212/2002 (17 May 2005), 210n.145 ,

335n.128 , 528, 528n.25 Hanafi v. Algeria, UN Doc. CAT/C/46/D/341/2008 (3 June 2011), 210n.145 H. M. H. I. v. Australia, Communication no. 177/2001, UN Doc. A/57/44 (1 May

2002) 166, 659n.10






xxii Table of cases

Keremedchiev v. Bulgaria, UN Doc. CAT/C/41/D/257/2004 (11 November 2008), 210n.145

Ltaief, Bouabdallah v. Tunisia, UN Doc. CAT/C/31/D/189/2001 (14 November 2003), 210n.145

Nikolic v. Serbia and Montenegro, UN Doc. CAT/C/35/D/174/2000 (24 November 2005), 210n.145

Njamba and Balikosa v. Sweden, UN Doc. CAT/C/44/D/322/2007 (14 May 2010), 293n.105

Osmani v. Serbia, UN Doc. CAT/C/42/D/261/2005 (8 May 2009), 210n.146 Sonko v. Spain, UN Doc. CAT/C/47/D/368/2008 (25 November 2011), 210n.145

Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women

Abramova v. Belarus, UN Doc. CEDAW/C/49/23/2009 (25 July 2011), 213n.157 A. T. v. Hungary, UN Doc. CEDAW/C/32/D/2/2003 (26 January 2005), 212n.152 ,

464, 464n.58 Goekce v. Austria, UN Doc. CEDAW/C/39/D/5/2005 (6 August 2007), 212n.151 Kell v. Canada, UN Doc. CEDAW/C/51/D/19/2008 (28 February 2012), 212n.154 L. C. v. Peru, UN Doc. CEDAW/C/50/D/22/2009 (17 October 2011), 212n.155 R. K. B. v. Turkey, UN Doc. CEDAW/C/51/D/28/2010 (24 February 2012),

212n.156 Teixeira v. Brazil, UN Doc. CEDAW/C/49/D/17/2008 (25 July 2011), 212n.153 Vertido v. The Philippines, UN Doc. CEDAW/C/46/D/18/2008 (16 July 2010),

76n.144 , 213 , 213n.158 V. K. v. Bulgaria, UN Doc. CEDAW/C/49/D/20/2008 (25 July 2011), 212n.151 Yildrim v. Austria, UN Doc. CEDAW/C/39/D/6/2005 (6 August 2007), 212n.151

Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination

Adan v. Denmark, UN Doc. CERD/C/77/D/43/2008 (14 August 2010), 208n.136 Ahmad v. Denmark, UN Doc. CERD/C/56/D/16/1999 (13 March 2000), 208n.136 Dawas and Shava v. Denmark, UN Doc. CERD/C/80/D/46/2009 (6 March 2012),

208n.136 Durmic v. Serbia and Montenegro, UN Doc. CERD/C/68/D/29/2003 (6 March

2006), 208 Gelle v. Denmark, UN Doc. CERD/C/68/D/34/2004 (6 March 2006), 208n.136 Hagan v. Australia, UN Doc. CERD/C/62/D/26/2002 (20 March 2003), 208n.138 The Jewish Community of Oslo v. Norway, UN Doc. CERD/C/67/D/30/2003

(15 August 2005), 208n.137 Koptova v. Slovak Republic, UN Doc. CERD/C/57/D/13/1998 (8 August 2000),

208, 208 n.139 Ms L. R. et al. v. Slovak Republic (Dobsina), UN Doc. CERD/C/66/D/31/2003

(7 March 2005), 208, 208n.139 P. S. N. v. Denmark, UN Doc. CERD/C/71/D/36/2006 (8 August 2007), 362n.245






xxiii Table of cases

Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

H. M. v. Sweden, UN Doc. CRPD/C/7/D/3 (19 April 2012), 202n.110

East African Court of Justice

Katabazi and 21 others v. Secretary General of the East African Community and Another, (Ref. no. 1 of 2007) [2007] EACJ 3, Judgment of 1 November 2007, 264n.233

ECOWAS Community Court of Justice

Habré, Hissène v. Republic of Senegal, ECW/CCJ/APP/07/08 (18 November 2010), 210 , 309 , 310n.175

Koraou, Hadijatou Mani v. Niger, ECW/CCJ/JUD/06/08, Judgment of 27 October 2008, 64, 64n.73 , 264n.231 , 543n.87 , 557 , 557n.142

Manneh v. Gambia, ECW/CCJ/APP/04/07, Judgment of 5 June 2008, 264n.232 , 543n.87

Social and Economic Rights Action Center (SERAC) v. Federal Republic of Nigeria and Universal Basic Education Commission, ECW/CCJ/APP/07/10, Judgment of 6 December 2010, 380 , 380n.54 , 398n.117

European Commission and Court of Human Rights

A v. United Kingdom, (1999) 27 EHRR 611, 619n.18 A, B and C v. Ireland, [2010] ECHR 25579/05, 461, 461n.46 A and Others v. United Kingdom, (2009) 49 EHRR 29, 229n.62 , 342n.163 ,

344 n.170 , 344 n.171 , 629n.49 , 629n.50 , 637 , 637n.85 Ahmed v. Austria, (1997) 24 EHRR 278, 659n.10 Ahmed and Others v. United Kingdom, [2007] ECHR 603, 226n.35 Akayeva v. Russia, App. no. 57945/00, 24 February 2005, 236n.5 Akdivar and Others v. Turkey, (1997) 23 EHRR 143, 287n.69 , 288n.80 Akhmadov v. Russia, ECtHR judgment (14 November 2008), 578n.29 Akkum and Others v. Turkey, (2006) 43 EHRR 26, 294n.108 Aksoy v. Turkey, (1996) 23 EHRR 553, 226n.36 , 293 , 293n.103 , 342n.158 ,

537n.61 , 628n48 , 629n.51 , 637n.86 Aktas v. Turkey, App. no. 00024351/94, 24 April 2003, 236n.3 Al-Adsani v. United Kingdom, (2001) 34 EHRR 273, 70 , 70n.105 , 348n.193 ,

609n.102 Albekov and Others v. Russia, [2000] ECHR 1029, 321n.43 Al-Jedda v. United Kingdom, (2011) 53 EHRR 23, 226n.35 , 232n.87 , 279 ,

279n.24 Al-Saadoon and Mufdhi v. United Kingdom, (2009) 49 EHRR SE11, 282n.36 ,

304n.166 , 583n.42






xxiv Table of cases

Al-Saadoon and Mufdhi v. United Kingdom, (2010) 51 EHRR 9, 226n.35 , 319n.26 , 320n.34 , 321n.39 , 583n.42

Al-Skeini and Others v. United Kingdom, (2011) 53 EHRR 18, 226n.35 , 232n.87 , 281 n.3 3 , 281 n.3 4 , 282n.36 , 282n.38 , 282n.40 , 282n.43 , 283, 283n.46, 283n.47, 283n.48, 283n.49, 284n.51 , 284n.53 , 582 , 583n.43, 597n.72

Amuur v. France, (1996) 22 EHRR 533, 276n.4 Ananyev and Others v. Russia, [2012] ECHR 21, 237 , 239n.95 , 332n.108 Anguelova v. Bulgaria, (2002) 38 EHRR 659, 227n.38 , 323n.54 Assanidze v. Georgia, (2004) 39 EHRR 653, 284n.55 , 298n.132, 541, 541n.77 Atanasiu and Poenaru v. Romania, (2010), 239n.95 Athanasiou and Others v. Greece, (2010), 239n.95 Aydin v. Turkey, (1997) 25 EHRR 251, 463, 463n.53 Babar Ahmad and Others v. United Kingdom, App. nos. 24027/07, 11949/08,

36742/08, 66911/09 and 67354/09, judgment (10 April 2012) 463n.53 Bankovic and Others v. Belgium and Others, (2001) 11 BHRC 435, 230 , 230n.73 ,

282–284 , 282n.39 , 282n.44 , 282n.45 , 284n.54 , 585 , 585n.50 Bayram and Yildirim v. Turkey, App. no. 38587/97, Admissibility decision of

29 January 2002, 291n.87 Baysayeva v. Russia, (2007) 48 EHRR 33, 353n.222 Bazayeva v. Russia, App. no. 57949/00, 24 February 2005, 236n.5 Behrami v. France and Saramati v. France, Germany and Norway, (2007) EHRR

SE85, 231 , 278, 278n.22 Belgian Linguistic case No. (2), (1968) 1 EHRR 252, 435n.2 Belilos v. Switzerland, (1988) 10 EHRR 466, 58 , 58n.46 Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation v. United Kingdom, (1978) 14 D & R 117,

647n.113 Blecic v. Croatia, (2006) 43 EHRR 48, 285n.57 Bosphorus Hava Yollari Turizm Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi v. Ireland, (2006) 42

EHRR 1, 242n.118 , 242n.122 , 279n.25 , 279n.26 , 280n.6 Bottazzi v. Italy, [1999] ECHR 62, 226n.36 Brannigan and McBride v. United Kingdom, (1993) 17 EHRR 539, 342n.158 ,

629n.50 Brogan and Others v. United Kingdom, (1988) 11 EHRR 117, 341n.156 , 637n.86 Broniowski v. Poland, (2005) 40 EHRR 21, 226n.37, 227n.46, 232n.85, 238n.93,

239n.95 Broniowski v. Poland, (2006) 43 EHRR 1, 238 , 226n.37 , 305n.171 , 542 , 542n.83 Bruma rescu v. Romania, (2001) 33 EHRR 35, 542, 542n.83 Burdov v. Russia, (2009) 49 EHRR 2, 237 , 232n.85 , 239n.95 Çakıcı v. Turkey, [1999] ECHR 43, 353n.221 Calvelli and Ciglio v. Italy, [2002] ECHR 3, 321n.45 Certain legal questions concerning the list of candidates submitted with a view

to the election of judges to the European Court of Human Rights, Advisory opinion, Grand Chamber (12 February 2008), 6n.30






xxv Table of cases

Certain legal questions concerning the list of candidates submitted with a view to the election of judges to the European Court of Human Rights (No. 2), Advisory opinion, Grand Chamber (22 January 2010) , 225n.30

Chahal v. United Kingdom, (1996) 23 EHRR 413, 227n.39 , 342n.162 , 629n.52 , 639n.89

Competence of the court to give an advisory opinion, Decision, Grand Chamber, 2 June 2004, 225n.30

Coster v. United Kingdom, (2001) 33 EHRR 20, 294n.110 , 435n.3 Cruz Varas and Others v. Sweden, (1991) 14 EHRR 1, 304n.161 , 639n.89 Cyprus v. Turkey, (2002) 35 EHRR 30, 225n.29 , 284n.55 , 325, 325n.70 , 529 ,

529n.33 , 581n.36 , 586n.56 Dalia v. France, (2001) 33 EHRR 26, 290n.85 Da Silva, Armani v. United Kingdom, App. no. 5878/08, 28 September 2010,

317n.22 Deés v. Hungary, [2010] ECHR 1772, 227n.43 Demir and Others v. Turkey, (1998) 33 EHRR 43, 229n.62 Demopoulos and Others v. Turkey, 587 Denmark v. Turkey, (2000) 29 EHRR 36, 225n.29 De Wilde, Ooms and Versyp v. Belgium, (1971), 1 EHRR 373, 341n.151 D. H. and Others v. Czech Republic, (2008) 47 EHRR 3, 227n.48 , 399n.122 ,

432n.70 , 433n.73 Dimitrov and Hamanov v. Bulgaria, (2011), 239n.95 Dogru v. France, (2009) 49 EHRR 8, 364n.254 Doorson v. Netherlands, (1996) 22 EHRR 330, 349n.207 Dubetska and Others v. Ukraine, [2011] ECHR 256, 227n.43 Dudgeon v. United Kingdom, (1982) 4 EHRR 149, 228n.56 Dulas v. Turkey, [2001] ECHR 60, 332n.108 Edwards, Paula and Audrey v. United Kingdom, (2002) 35 EHRR 19, 323 ,

323n.57 , 323n.58 Enhorn v. Sweden, (2005) 41 EHRR 1267, 341n.151 Epözdemir v. Turkey, App. no. 57039/00, Admissibility decision of 31 January

2002, 290n.86 Ergi v. Turkey, (2001) 32 EHRR 18, 578n.28 Fadeeva v. Russia, App. no. 55723/00, 9 June 2005, 236 n.6 Ferrazzini v. Italy, (2002) 34 EHRR 45, 281n.30 Finger v. Bulgaria, (2011), 239n.95 Finogenov and Others v. Russia, Merits judgment (20 December 2011), 620–622 ,

621n.1 , 621n.2, 622n.3 Fox, Campbell and Hartley v. United Kingdom, (1990), 13 EHRR 157, 341n.150,

341n.154 Gäfgen v. Germany, (2010) 52 EHRR 1, 230 , 231 , 230n.73, 231n.75, 328–329 ,

329n.90, 329n.91, 329n.92, 335n.127 G. B. v. Bulgaria, [2004] ECHR 112, 333n.115 Göçmen v. Turkey, ECtHR judgment (17 October 2006), 642n.104






xxvi Table of cases

Golder v. United Kingdom, (1975) 1 EHRR 524, 227n.41 , 347, 347n.192 Gongadze v. Ukraine, (2005) 43 EHRR 967, 323n.52 Goodwin v. United Kingdom, (2002) 35 EHRR 18, 227n.49 Greek case, App. nos. 3321/67, Denmark v. Greece; 3322/67, Norway v. Greece;

3323/67, Sweden v. Greece; 3324/67, Netherlands v. Greece (1969), 224, 224n.21

Guerra and Others v. Italy, (1998) 26 EHRR 357, 227n.43 Güleç v. Turkey, [1999] 28 ECHR 121, 316n.17 Güler and Öngel v. Turkey, [2011] ECHR 1513, 332n.108 Gündem, Özgür v. Turkey, App. no. 00023144/93, 16 March 2000, 236n.2 Gusinskiy v. Russia, (2005) 41 EHRR 17, 341n.147 Guzzardi v. Italy, (1980), 3 EHRR 333, 340n.141, 340n.142 Hachette Filippachi Associés v. France, (2009) 49 EHRR 23, 627n.42 Hamiyet Kaplan v. Turkey, ECtHR judgment (13 September 2005), 578n.29 Handyside v. United Kingdom, (1976) 1 EHRR 737, 229 , 229n.61, 229n.64 Hashman and Harrup v. United Kingdom, (2000) 30 EHRR 241, 624n.30 Hatton and Others v. United Kingdom, (2002) 34 EHRR 1, 519n.108 Hatton v. United Kingdom, (2003) 37 EHRR 28, 227n.43 , 230n.72 , 519n.108 Herri Batasuna and Batasuna v. Spain, ECtHR judgment (30 June 2009),

626n.41 Hirst v. United Kingdom, (2006) 42 EHRR 41, 230 , 237 , 227n.47 H. L. R. v. France, (1998) 26 EHRR 29, 659n.10 Hutten-Czapska v. Poland, (2007) 45 EHRR 4, 239n.95 , 285n.59 Ilascu and Others v. Moldova and Russia, (2005) 40 EHRR 46, 284, 284n.55 ,

284n.56 , 298n.132 , 586n.52 , 586n.53, 586n.54 Ipek v. Turkey, App. no. 25760/94, 17 February 2004, 236n.4 Ireland v. United Kingdom, (1978) 2 EHRR 25, 226 , 225n.29 , 295n.114 , 332 ,

330n.95 , 332n.104 , 333n.109 Isayeva v. Russia, (2005) 41 EHRR 38, 236n.5 , 281n.29 , 577 , 578n.26, 578n.29 Ismoilov v. Russia and Others, ECtHR judgment (24 April 2008), 639n.94 Issa and Others v. Turkey, (2005) 41 EHRR 27, 282n.38 , 586n.56 Ivanov, Yuriy Nikolayevich v. Ukraine, (2009), 239n.95 Jalloh v. Germany, (2007) 44 EHRR 32, 331n.102 , 332n.106 Jamaa, Hirsi and Others v. Italy, App. no. 27765/09, ECtHR judgment (23 Feb-

ruary 2012), 708n.62 Janowiec and Others v. Russia, App. nos. 55508/07 and 29520/09, Judgment

(16 April 2012), 286n.67 Jordan, Hugh v. United Kingdom, (2001) 37 EHRR 52 , 324n.63 , 325n.66 Kafkaris v. Cyprus, (2009) 49 EHRR 35, 333n.116 Kalashnikov v. Russia, (2003) 36 EHRR 34, 237 Kaplan, Ümmühan v. Turkey, (2012), 239n.95 Kelly v. United Kingdom, (1993) 16 EHRR 20, 631, 631n.58 Kelly and Others v. United Kingdom, [2001] ECHR 328, 227n.38 Khashiyev v. Russia, App. no. 57942/00, 24 February 2005, 236n.5






xxvii Table of cases

Kiliç v. Turkey, (2000) 33 EHRR 58, 620n.19 Klass and Others v. Germany, (1978) 2 EHRR 214, 276n.4, 277n.13 Kokkinakis v. Greece, (1994) 17 EHRR 397, 624n.29, 624n.31 König v. Germany, (1978) 2 EHRR, 228n.51 Kononov v. Latvia, [2010] ECHR 667, 231, 231n.77, 349 Kozlova and Smirnova v. Latvia, App. no. 57381/00, Decision of 23 October

2001, 280n.27 Kudla v. Poland, (2000) 35 EHRR 198, 232n.85 , 286n.68 Kuric and Others v. Slovenia, (2012), 239n.95 Kurt v. Turkey, (1999) 27 EHRR 373, 277n.13 , 352n.217 , 353n.219, 353n.221 Kurt and Others v. Turkey, (2007) 44 EHRR 36, 294n.109 Lautsi and Others v. Italy, [2011] ECHR 2412, 230 , 230n.70, 230n.73, 231n.75 Lawless v. Ireland (No. 1), [1960] ECHR 1, 226, 231n.31 Lawless v. Ireland (No. 3), (1961) 1 EHRR 15, 341n.150 , 343n.168 , 628, 628n.47 Leander v. Sweden, (1987) 9 EHRR 433, 294n.110 Lingens v. Austria, (1986) 8 EHRR 103, 229n.66 Litwa, Witold v. Poland, (2000) 33 EHRR 1267, 341n.151 Loizidou v. Turkey, (1995) 20 EHRR 99, 58n.47 , 228n.52 , 282n.37 , 282n.43 ,

284n.55 , 585n.47 Loizidou v. Turkey, (1996) 23 EHRR 513, 285n.59 , 584–585 , 581n.36 , 585n.48,

585n.49 Mamatkulov and Askarov v. Turkey, (2005) 41 EHRR 25, 304n.162, 304n.167 M. and C. v. Romania, 29032/04, Judgment of 27 September 2011, 227n.40 Marckx v. Belgium, (1979) 2 EHRR 330, 228n.55 , 232n.83 M. C. v. Bulgaria, (2005) 40 EHRR 20, 76n.144 , 214 , 227n.40 , 229n.63 , 464–

465 , 464n.60 McCann and Others v. United Kingdom, (1996) 21 EHRR 97, 230 , 317 , 316n.15 ,

316n.20, 317n.21 , 546, 546n.99 , 630, 630n.55 Medvedyev and Others v. France, (2010) 51 EHRR 39, 577n.24 Michelioudakis v. Greece, (2012), 239n.95 Mikheyev v. Russia, [2006] ECHR 78, 326n.76 , 544n.90 Müller and Others v. Switzerland, (1988) 13 EHRR 212, 229n.65, 229n.66 ,

230n.68 Murray, John v. United Kingdom, (1996) 22 EHRR 29, 349n.201 Mustafa Kamal Mustafa (Abu Hamza) v. United Kingdom, App. no. 36742/08,

rule 39 Order (4 August 2008), 640n.95 Nachova and Others v. Bulgaria, (2006) 42 EHRR 43, 316n.16, 316n.19,

324n.64, 631n Nikolai, Ljubov and Oleg Mikolenko v . Estonia, App. no. 16944/03, Decision of

5 January 2006, 292n.96 Norris v. Ireland, (1988) 13 EHRR 186, 276n.8 Öcalan v. Turkey, (2005) 41 EHRR 45, 303n.157 , 319n.26 , 320n.31, 320n.34 ,

343n.165 Olaru and Others v. Moldova, 239n.95






xxviii Table of cases

Öneryildiz v. Turkey, (2005) 41 EHRR 20, 227n.38, 227n.46, 230n.72 , 315n.8 , 321n.43, 321n.44, 325n.65

Opuz v. Turkey, (2010) 50 EHRR 28, 227n.40 , 315n.6 , 331n.98 , 465, 465n.62, 465n.63, 465n.64

Oršuš and Others v. Croatia, ECtHR judgment (16 March 2010), 426n.44 , 432n.70 Osman v. United Kingdom, (1998) 29 EHRR 245, 227n.38 , 322–323, 322n.47,

322n.48, 322n.49, 322n.51 , 620n.19 , 668n.38 Ostra, López v. Spain, (1994) 20 EHRR 277, 227n.43 Othman (Abu Qatada) v. United Kingdom, [2012] ECHR 56, 226n.35 Papamichalopoulos v. Greece, (1996) 21 EHRR 439, 542 , 542n.82 Pressos Compania Naviera S. A. and Others v. Belgium, (1996) 21 EHRR 301,

288n.75 Pretty v. United Kingdom, (2002), 35 EHRR 1, 321n.42 Rantsev v. Cyprus and Russia, (2010) 51 EHRR 1, 227n.40 Refah Partisi (The Welfare Party) and Others v. Turkey, (2002) 35 EHRR 3, 230,

231, 230n.69 , 230n.73 Rumpf v. Germany, (2010), 239n.95 Saadi v. Italy, (2009) 49 EHRR 30, 226n.35 , 227n.39 , 639n.91 Saadi v. United Kingdom, (2008) 47 EHRR 17, 341n.152 Sahin, Leyla v. Turkey, (2005) 44 EHRR 5, 230 , 230n.69, 231n.75 , 363–364,

364n.253 Salman v. Turkey, (2000) 34 EHRR 425, 294n.112 , 323n.54 Sampanis and Others v. Greece, ECtHR judgment (5 June 2008), 432n.70 Scordino v. Italy, (2007) 45 EHRR 7, 226n.36 Sejdic ´ and Finci v. Bosnia and Herzegovina, ECtHR judgment (22 December

2009), 434n.77 Sejdovic v. Italy, [2006] ECHR 181, 287n.71 Selçuk and Asker v. Turkey, (1998) 26 EHRR 477, 543n.85 Selmouni v. France, (2000) 29 EHRR 403, 227n.39 , 228n.54 , 286n.68 , 294n.109 ,

330n.95 , 331n.102 , 332n.103, 332n.104 Serif v. Greece, (1999) 31 EHRR 56, 435n.1 Shamayev and Others v. Georgia and Russia, [2005] ECHR 233, 293n.104 ,

637n.84 , 639n.90 Shtukaturov v. Russia, [2008] ECHR 223, 232n.84 , 342n.162 Sidiropoulos and Others v. Greece, (1998) 27 EHRR 633, 431n.62 Šilih v. Slovenia, (2009) ECHR 571, 285n.61 , 286n.65, 286n.66 Smirnova and Smirnova v. Russia, App. nos. 46133/99 and 48183/99, Decision

of 3 October 2002, 292n.94 Soering v. United Kingdom, (1989) 11 EHRR 439, 227n.39 , 229n.59 , 320n.35 Solon v. Romania, (2010), 239n.95 S ø rensen and Rasmussen v. Denmark, (2006) 46 EHRR 572, 227n.45 Steel v. United Kingdom, (1998) 28 EHRR 603, 341n.147 Steel and Morris v. United Kingdom, (2005) 41 EHRR 22, 709n.64 Storck v. Germany, (2005) 43 EHRR 96, 340n.144






xxix Table of cases

Streletz, Kessler and Krenz v. Germany, (2001) 33 EHRR 31, 14n.13 , 348n.199 Suljagic ´ v. Bosnia and Herzegovina, (2009), 239n.95 The Sunday Times v. United Kingdom, (1980) 2 EHRR 245, 276n.7 T. I. v. United Kingdom, App. no. 43844/98, Admissibility decision (7 March

2000), 675n.62 Todorov v. Bulgaria, [2005] ECHR 30, 288n.77 Todorov v. Ukraine, [2012] ECHR 30, 332n.108 Tomasi v. France, (1993) 15 EHRR 1, 294n.109 Tüm Haber Sen and Çinar v. Turkey, (2008) 46 EHRR 19, 287n.72 Tyrer v. United Kingdom, (1978) 2 EHRR 1, 228n.53 , 333n.111, 333n.112 Van der Velden v. Netherlands, [2006] ECHR 1174, 294n.110 Van Mechelen and Others v. The Netherlands, (1997) 25 EHRR 647, 349n.207 Van Oosterwijck v. Belgium, (1981) 3 EHRR 557, 289n.84 Varnava and Others v. Turkey, [2009] ECHR 1313, 291 , 285n.58 , 291n.88 ,

292n.94 , 298n.132 , 353n.220 V. C. v. Slovakia, [2011] ECHR 1888, 227n.40 Vermeire v. Belgium, (1993) 15 EHRR 488, 228n.55 , 232n.83 Veznedaro g ˇ lu v. Turkey, (2001) 33 EHRR 59, 294n.113 Vinter and Others v. United Kingdom, [2012] ECHR 61, 333n.116 Vo v. France, (2004) 40 EHRR 259 GC, 321 , 461 W. v. Switzerland, (1994) 17 EHRR 60, 342n.160 Wemhoff v. Germany, (1968) 1 EHRR 55, 342n.159 Wieser v. Austria, [2007] ECHR 170, 333n.110 Wingrove v. United Kingdom, (1997) 24 EHRR 1, 229n.65 Winterwerp v. Netherlands, (1979) 2 EHRR 387, 341n.151 Ya s ¸ a v. Turkey, (1999) 28 EHRR 408, 277n.12 Young, James and Webster v. United Kingdom, (1981) 4 EHRR 38, 227n.45 Yusupova v. Russia, App. no. 57948/00, 24 February 2005, 236n.5 Zontul v. Greece, ECtHR judgment (17 January 2012), 335n.127 , 708n.61

European Committee of Social Rights

Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (COHRE) v. Italy, Complaint no. 58/209, ECSR Decision (25 June 2010), 433n.74, 433n.75

Interights v. Greece, Complaint no. 49/2008, ECSR decision (11 December 2009), 433n.74

Marangopoulos Foundation for Human Rights v. Greece, Complaint no. 30/2005, ECSR decision on merits (6 December 2006), 519, 519n.104, 519n.105, 519n.106

European Court of Justice

Booker Aquacultur Ltd and Hydro Seafood GSP Ltd v. The Scottish Ministers (Cases C-20/00 and C-64/00), [2003] ECR I-7411, 676n.65






xxx Table of cases

Carpenter, Mary v. Secretary of State for the Home Department (Case C-60/00), [2002] ECR I-6279, 64, 64n.72

Connolly v. Commission (Case C-274/99), [2001] ECR I-1611, 676n.65 Kadi v. Commission, [2010] EUECJ T-85/09, 280n.6 Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v. Council of the European

Union, [2008] ECR I-6351, 173n.95 , 614n.2 M. and Others v. HM Treasury, ECJ judgment (29 April 2010), 615n.3 Prais v. Council (Case 130/75), [1976] ECR 1589, 676n.65 Racke v. Hauptzollant Mainz (Case C-162/96), [1998] ECR I-3655, 677n.70 Schmidberger v. Republik Österreich (Case C-112/00), [2003] ECR I-5659,

243n.124 Stauder v. City of Ulm (Case 29/69), [1969] ECR 419, 676n.64

Human Rights Chamber for Bosnia and Herzegovina

Selimovic and Others v. Republic Srpska (Decision of 7 March 2003), 550n.117

Human Rights Committee

A v. Australia, UN Doc. CCPR/C/59/D/560/1993 (3 April 1997), 341n.148 Aboussedra v. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, UN Doc. CCPR/C/100/D/1751/2008 (25

October 2010), 353n.220 Akhadov v. Kyrgyzstan, UN Doc. CCPR/C/101/D/1503/2006 (25 March 2011),

204n.119 Akwanga v. Cameroon, UN Doc. CCPR/C/101/D/1813/2008 (22 March 2011),

66n.81 , 350n.2 , 350n.3, 350n.4 Albareda et al. v. Uruguay, UN Doc. CCPR/C/103/D/1637/2007,

1757&1765/2008 (24 October 2011), 205n.125 Altesor v. Uruguay, Communication no. 10/1977 (29 March 1982), 303n.158 Alzery v. Sweden, UN Doc. CCPR/C/88/D/1416/2005 (25 October 2006), 212 ,

205n.123 , 212n.149 Aouabdia v. Algeria, UN Doc. CCPR/C/101/D/1780/2008 (22 March 2011),

353n.220 , 353n.221, 353–4n.223 Arenz et al. v. Germany, UN Doc. CCPR/C/80/D/1138/2002 (24 March 2004),

668n.37 Ashby v. Trinidad and Tobago, UN Doc. CCPR/C/74/D/580/1994 (21 March

2002), 320n.35 Aumeeruddy-Cziffra et al. v. Mauritius, UN Doc. CCPR/C/12/D/35/1978 (9 April

1981), 276n.4 Baboeram et al. v. Suriname, Communication nos. 146/1983 and 148-54/1983

(4 April 1985), 295n.118 Bailey v. Jamaica, UN Doc. CCPR/C/47/D/334/1988 (31 March 1993), 294n.107 Ballantyne, Davidson and McIntyre v. Canada, UN Doc. CCPR/

C/47/D/359/1989 and 385/1989/Rev.1 (31 March 1993), 424n.38






Date post:	14-May-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	hoangnga
View:	241 times
Download:	2 times

International Human Rights Law and Practice -...

Documents