International International InterdependenceInterdependence

The Evolution of Global TradeThe Evolution of Global Trade

Self SufficiencySelf Sufficiency

A community (or country) is A community (or country) is self-self-sufficientsufficient when it provides everything when it provides everything its people need to live.its people need to live.

Food, clothing, shelter, and water Food, clothing, shelter, and water (basic needs) can be provided (basic needs) can be provided without relying on anyone else.without relying on anyone else.

Canada’s Aboriginal PeopleCanada’s Aboriginal People

Various types of Native Various types of Native CulturesCultures

Hunted and gathered their own food.Hunted and gathered their own food. Made their clothes from the skins of Made their clothes from the skins of

animals they ate.animals they ate. Passed down skills for making weapons, Passed down skills for making weapons,

shelters, tools, canoes, etc.shelters, tools, canoes, etc. (Basic needs were satisfied; They were (Basic needs were satisfied; They were

self-sufficientself-sufficient.).) Some farmed, some hunted/gathered.Some farmed, some hunted/gathered. Some fished.Some fished.

CommunesCommunes

Some people today wish to live as self-Some people today wish to live as self-sufficient as possible. There are groups sufficient as possible. There are groups of people, throughout the world, living in of people, throughout the world, living in communescommunes or intentional communities. or intentional communities.

Intentional communitiesIntentional communities include include ecovillages, student co-ops, and housing ecovillages, student co-ops, and housing cooperatives.cooperatives.

((CommuneCommune = Communal Living / = Communal Living / Working)Working)

Pangaia, HawaiiPangaia, Hawaii

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cron_7RtogM

Los HorconesLos HorconesIn October of 1973, In October of 1973,

a group of people a group of people

interested in the interested in the

prevention and prevention and

solution of personal and solution of personal and

social problems, founded Los Horcones.social problems, founded Los Horcones.

This community is based on the principles This community is based on the principles of cooperation,equality, pacifism (non-of cooperation,equality, pacifism (non-violence), sharing and ecological respect violence), sharing and ecological respect (ecological sustainability).(ecological sustainability).

Self sufficiency has been typical of Self sufficiency has been typical of every developing civilization across every developing civilization across the globe.the globe.

As they travelled longer distances As they travelled longer distances though, different cultures (with though, different cultures (with different goods) began to come into different goods) began to come into contact with one another.contact with one another.

Self sufficiency was Self sufficiency was possiblepossible, but was , but was it it desirable?desirable?

TradeTrade In Canada, the In Canada, the

Huron people were Huron people were able to grow more able to grow more corn, beans, corn, beans, squash, and squash, and tobacco than they tobacco than they really needed.really needed.

Northern peoples Northern peoples were hunters, were hunters, having hides and having hides and furs in abundance.furs in abundance.

Through trade, the hunters were able to Through trade, the hunters were able to acquire corn and beans in exchange for acquire corn and beans in exchange for hides and furs. (….and vice versa.)hides and furs. (….and vice versa.)

These groups now were These groups now were interdependentinterdependent, , relying on one another to fulfill certain relying on one another to fulfill certain needs or wants.needs or wants.

Early TradeEarly Trade

3000 years ago:3000 years ago: China had silk and tea in abundanceChina had silk and tea in abundance India had spicesIndia had spices Camel caravans had figs, scented Camel caravans had figs, scented

oils, and rare woods to trade as they oils, and rare woods to trade as they travelled across North Africatravelled across North Africa

The Roman EmpireThe Roman Empire Merchants came from:Merchants came from: GreeceGreece with wine and honey. with wine and honey. Asia MinorAsia Minor with jewels, marble, with jewels, marble,

timbertimber ChinaChina with silks and spices with silks and spices ArabiaArabia with glass, dyes, and textiles with glass, dyes, and textiles EgyptEgypt with grain, ivory, and papyrus with grain, ivory, and papyrus SpainSpain with fruit and gold with fruit and gold BritainBritain with tin and copper with tin and copper

The Romans were able to encourage The Romans were able to encourage trade by making it easier (and safer) trade by making it easier (and safer) to travel.to travel.

-Paved roads for example.-Paved roads for example.

First Trade RegulationsFirst Trade Regulations

With the decline of the Roman With the decline of the Roman empire, around 500 a.d., travel empire, around 500 a.d., travel became much more dangerous and became much more dangerous and many communities were forced to many communities were forced to become self sufficient again.become self sufficient again.

During the middle ages (476-1000 During the middle ages (476-1000 a.d.) many communities sprang up a.d.) many communities sprang up around castles, cathedrals, and around castles, cathedrals, and monasteries.monasteries.

Local rulers collected taxes from the Local rulers collected taxes from the people that lived around them in people that lived around them in exchange for protection.exchange for protection.

These ‘feudal’ towns became part of These ‘feudal’ towns became part of larger provinces and nations. larger provinces and nations.

Economic activity (trade between Economic activity (trade between these towns) was on the rise.these towns) was on the rise.

Merchants and craftspeople organized Merchants and craftspeople organized themselves into associations called themselves into associations called guilds.guilds.

These guilds were very influential in These guilds were very influential in their towns and communities, and their towns and communities, and they controlled the manufacturing and they controlled the manufacturing and sale of products made by people of sale of products made by people of the town.the town.

If you were from another town, and If you were from another town, and wanted to sell or trade goods, the wanted to sell or trade goods, the guilds would make you pay a fee to guilds would make you pay a fee to do so. (a tax)do so. (a tax)

If your goods would compete with If your goods would compete with items produced by the guilds, they items produced by the guilds, they would tax these items heavily (or would tax these items heavily (or encourage their country’s leaders to encourage their country’s leaders to do so)do so)

Trade and ExplorationTrade and Exploration

In the 15In the 15thth and 16 and 16thth centuries, the centuries, the Portuguese, English, Spanish, French, Portuguese, English, Spanish, French, and Dutch set out across the Atlantic and Dutch set out across the Atlantic Ocean to find a westerly route to the Ocean to find a westerly route to the spice markets in Asia.spice markets in Asia.

(Spices preserved food, smelled nice, (Spices preserved food, smelled nice, and were used in medicines – an and were used in medicines – an important commodity!)important commodity!)

The journey to India and China was The journey to India and China was dangerous, expensive, and time dangerous, expensive, and time consuming for European traders. consuming for European traders. (But the spice markets beckoned..!)(But the spice markets beckoned..!)

The belief was, instead of going East, The belief was, instead of going East, there might be a safer, cheaper, and there might be a safer, cheaper, and quicker way if one went West.quicker way if one went West.

1492?1492?

One of the Spanish explorers, One of the Spanish explorers, Christopher Columbus, claimed the Christopher Columbus, claimed the Caribbean islands for Spain in 1492.Caribbean islands for Spain in 1492.

Eventually the Spanish empire Eventually the Spanish empire included Mexico, Chile, Venezuela, included Mexico, Chile, Venezuela, Columbia, Argentina. These countries Columbia, Argentina. These countries all still speak Spanish.all still speak Spanish.

The West Indies The West Indies (the Caribbean) (the Caribbean) provided sugar for provided sugar for Spain.Spain.

(This also (This also necessitated and necessitated and initiated the slave initiated the slave trade….. )trade….. )

Mexico and Central and South Mexico and Central and South America provided gold and silver America provided gold and silver (some mined, some taken by force (some mined, some taken by force from the aboriginal Mayan from the aboriginal Mayan populations.)populations.)

Fish and agricultural products were Fish and agricultural products were also sent back to Spain.also sent back to Spain.

The Spanish weren’t alone The Spanish weren’t alone though…though…

By the 16By the 16thth and 17 and 17thth centuries, centuries, France, England, and other European France, England, and other European countries were set on claiming countries were set on claiming territories around the world.territories around the world.

The more gold, silver, and trade The more gold, silver, and trade goods a country could acquire goods a country could acquire abroad (through trade or by force), abroad (through trade or by force), the richer and mightier the country the richer and mightier the country would be.would be.

Key TermsKey Terms

Self-SufficientSelf-Sufficient Communes / Intentional CommunitiesCommunes / Intentional Communities InterdependentInterdependent GuildsGuilds

ActivityActivity

Describe briefly at least five changes Describe briefly at least five changes that would take place in your life if that would take place in your life if Canada were to become self-Canada were to become self-sufficient. Think about changes that sufficient. Think about changes that you would consider positive and you would consider positive and others that you would consider others that you would consider negative.negative.