INTERNATIONALJOINTSEMINARANDCOMPANYVISITTOCLEANAUTHORITYOFTOKYO

(SHIN-KOTOINCINERATIONPLANT)

HumanizingCollaborationBetweenIndonesiaandJapanTokyo,15-19May2017

IndividualReport

Arrangedby:KhulifaAhdizia

StudentID120820160032

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1. MARKETINGANALYSISREPORTWhenwehadtotraveltoJapanforacademictrip,weattendedsomefamousshoppingplaceTokyo,Japan.Thereare: a. Ueno

UenoPark isoneof themostpopularparks in Japan. Theparkhas10,000 trees including cherryblossomtree.However,onthistripwedidnothaveopportunitytovisitthepark.AcrossfromUenoPark,thereisashoppingareacalledAmeyoko.Wehadvisitedthisshoppingplace.AmeyokoontheYamanoteLinetrackbetweenOkachimachiandUenoStation, it’sabusymarketstreet.Theshopswerespreadingtothestreets,andtheproductssoldwereverydiverse.Startingfrombags,clothes,branded second products, souvenirs, cosmetics, etc. There are also street foods and restaurantslinedthesideoftheroad.Theconditionsalongthestreetcrowdwithmanypeoplepassingbyandsoundsofsellersscreamingtoselltheirproducts.

b. GinzaGinza is one of the elite shopping centers in Tokyo. Ginza in Chuo district, south of Yaesu andKobayashi, west of Tsukiji, east of Yurakucho and Uchisaiwaicho, or north of Shinbashi. It in theheartofTokyowhich isclose to theKasumigasekigovernmentcenter,businesscenterandTokyoStation. In Ginza we can find luxury shopping centers, clothing boutiques, restaurants, cafes,museums,artgalleriesandtheatricalperformances.ForexampleUniqloOutletinGinzacomprises12floorsandwasthelargestUniqlobranchinJapan.OtheroutletsthatfoundhereisAppleStorewherethisoutletbecameoneoftheIndonesiantouristdestinationwhentravelingtoJapan.Asweknow, we can found Apple's latest product that has not launched in Indonesia. Compared toIndonesia,Ginzais likeSudirman-Thamrin.Wheretheareaisclosetothecentralgovernmentandbusinesscenter,soshoppingcentersinthisarealookeliteandexclusive.

c. TsukijiFishMarketJapanisabundantforitsmarineresources.FishbecamethemainconsumptionofJapanesesociety,fisheriesverydeveloped.TsukijiFishMarket isoneof the largest traditional fishmarket in Japan.Thismarketholds2,000 tonsof seafoodperday fromall cornerof the region.Thenseafoodandvegetables distributed to markets and retails around Tokyo every day. One of the interestingactivities that happen in thismarket is fresh tuna auction that held almost everymorning. Tunaauctionheldinearlymorning,forparticipantswhointerestedtoattendthisauctionmustpresentatlocationsince03.00ambecausetheauctionprocessstartedat05.00am.Unluckily,onourwaytoTokyo,wedidnotgetachancetoattendthetunaauctionbecauseitheldtooearlyinthemorning.So,weonlyhadtimewalkingaroundthemarketinthemorningwhenthesunhasrisentoseewholesaleactivities.AtTsukijiFishMarket,wenotonly found freshseafood,vegetables, and fruits, but also a lot varieties of processed seafood and street food. Like sushi,boiledoctopus,unagi, juice, tamagoyaki,etc.AlthoughTsukiji FishMarket isa traditionalmarket,theenvironmentstillcleanandneat.Nogarbageontheroadsideandeverypeoplethrowgarbagein its place. Indonesia has a fish market too, in Muara Angke, Jakarta. But the environment isdifferent.InMuaraAngke,themarketisnotascleanasTsukijiFishMarket.

d. AquacityMallOdaibaOdaibaisoneofTokyo'spopularshoppingandentertainmentareas.InOdaibatherearetwolargemalls, Aquacity Mall and DiverCity. Aquacity Mall isn’t different than the other mall, shoppingcentreandfoods.Aninterestingviewinthisareaisthelibertystatue.So,besidesshoppingwealsogetaninterestingspottotakepictures.

e. HarajukuThisareaiscrowdwithyoungpeople.Fromsomeshoppingcentrewehadvisited, inHarajukuwefindmanyyoungpeoplegatheredoragroupofyoungpeoplewithauniquestyle.HarajukucomesfromthenameofanareaaroundJRHarajukustation,ShibuyaDistrict,Tokyo.Thefamousshoppingcenter in Harajuku, Takeshita Street. On this street, we can find a wide range of fashion, food,cosmetics,toys/animestores,whichareonaverageforyoungpeople.Therefore,HarajukubecamethemaintouristdestinationofbothforeignanddomestictouristswhovisitTokyo.

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f. Akihabara

Akihabara or Akiba is another shopping center in Tokyo located aroundAkihabara station. It hasdifferentwithothershoppingcenters.Akihabaraisashoppingcenterforelectronics,anime,manga,doujinsi,andcomputers.For touristswho interestedwithanimeandmanga,youshouldcometothisplace.

g. ShisuiPremiumOutlet

ShisuiPremiumOutletisashoppingcenterthatsellsbrandedproducts.InJapanthereareseveralpremiumoutlets, likeGotembaPremiumOutlet andMitsui PremiumOutlet, butwewent to theShisui Premium Outlet is near Narita International Airport. This shopping area is wide and notterraced, so it would tire if we try circling the entire shopping area. We can find hundreds ofbranded outlets here. There are food courts or restaurants, too.Wewill get awi-fi password tousedwhilewein,amapofShisuiPremiumOutletshoppingareathatmakevisitorseasiertogototheintendedbrandoutlet,andacouponbookthatcontainsdiscountsforeachbrandproductwithcertaintermsandconditions.

As foreign tourists, we can qualify for tax exemption shop special terms and conditions. This taxexemptionapplieswhentouristsshopforcommodities(electronicgoods,bags,clothing,shoes,etconthesamedaywithtotalshoppingabove¥10,000orconsumergoodssuchasfood,beverage,medicine,cosmetics, etc with a minimum spend of ¥5,000. This tax exemption may apply only by showing apassportandonlyfortravelerswithatemporarystaytimeorhavingavisafor90daysuntil6months.Taxeswillreturnedbyredeemingataspecialboothortax-freeatcertainpurchaseoutlets.Butnotallstoresoroutletsappliedfreetax.Thereareoutletsthatremaintaxableeventhoughweshopabovetheminimumtotal freetax.ForexamplewhenweboughtPabloCheeseCakesnacks, theoutletdoesnotimposetaxfreeforitsbuyers,althoughtouristsandshoppingabove¥5,000.

PESTELANALYSIS Political

ThepoliticalsituationinJapandiffersfromIndonesia.Japanisanimperialstate,itsheadistheemperorand theheadof itsgovernment isprimeminister. Itsgovernmentsystem isparliamentarydemocracywiththeformofhisreignoftheConstitutionalMonarchy.JapanledbyEmperorAkihitosince1989andPrimeMinisterShinzoAbehas ruledsince2012. Japanesesocietydoesnotelectadirect state leaderbecause the head of Japanese government is Prime Minister, and Prime Minister appointed by theJapaneseparliament.ThepoweroftheEmperorofJapanlimitedbytheexistingconstitutionalmonarchysystem.Astheheadofstate,EmperorofJapanregulatedintheconstitutionofthestatesymbolandunifierofthepeople.The power of government is in the hands of the Prime Minister and the elected members of theJapaneseParliament,andhissovereigntyisinthehandsoftheJapanesepeople.TheJapaneseemperorhimselfactedasheadofstateinpoliticalanddiplomaticaffairs.

Economic

Japan is the third largest economy in theworld after theUnited States and China. Japan's economicsystemadherestoafree-marketandinducedmarketeconomy.Japanimplementsadumpingpolicyinitseconomy,which sells importedgoodsbelow themarketprice inside Japan. Inaddition, Japanalsoexecutesastrictprotectionpolicytoprotectdomesticproductiongoods.DomesticJapaneseproductionsoldathighprices.Theprofitearnedusedtocoverthelossofoverseassales.IndustrialsectorisonethatplaysanimportantroleintheJapaneseeconomy.Japan'sindustrialoutputexported to other countries, such as automotive products, electronics, computers, gadgets, etc. TheJapanesebrandsareveryfamousintheworldforexampleSony,Fujifilm,Toyota,etc.Theothersectorisservices.Threequartersof Japan's total revenuecomes fromtheservicessector.TheservicessectorsJapanreliedonwerebanking,insurance,transportation,andsoon.Japanese people adoptedMonozukuri principle in built its industry. Monozukuri is a Japanese word

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derived from the word "mono" meaning product or goods and "zukuri" means the process ofmanufacture, creation or production. The concept contains excellence, skills, soul (spirit or spirit ofpropulsion),andprideintheabilitytocreateandproducegoodswell.

Japanindustrialareaspreadinseveralprefecturesorprovinces,thereare:a. TheKantoregion,industrialestatesareinChiba,Kanagawa,Saitama,andTokyo.b. Tokairegion,Chukyo-TokaiindustrialareaisinAichi,Gifu,Mie,andShizuoka.c. TheKansairegion,HanshinindustrialareaisinOsaka,Kyoto,andKobe.d. SetouchiindustrialestatecoversthesouthwestofHonshuIslandandthenorthernpartofShikoku

aroundtheSetoInlandSea.e. Kyushu,industrialareaisinthenorthernpartofKyushu.Japan is a country with low natural resources. To expect this, Japanese companies imported rawmaterials,thenprocessandmakeitintofinishedgoods,whichsoldindomesticorexported.Therefore,Japan maximizes its Human Resources capability to develop services, industry and trade. Thus, thismakestheJapaneseeconomyabletogrowandcompetewithothermajorcountries.RiceisthemainagriculturalproductinJapan.Theareaof landinJapancomparedtothepopulationisless.Thus,theexistinglandisinadequateprocessotheragriculturalproductssuchaswheat,soybeans,etc.So,nodoubtthatthepricesofvegetablesandfruitsexpensive.

SocialAlthoughJapan isveryadvanced intechnology,butbehind it, Japanhassocialproblems. Japan isonewith the highest suicide rate in theworld. In 2016, recorded death toll from suicide reached 21,897people.However, the number has decreased from the year 2011 and 1994 recorded through 30,000peoples.Thefactorofsuicideiscomplexandcombinedofmanyfactors.Butthecauseofthesuicideisdue to health and financial problems. To overcome these problems, Japan established Lifelinkinstitutions,anon-profitinstitutionstopreventsuicide.

To overcome worker’s life balance, Japanese Government set up a Premium Friday program toencourageworkerstoleaveearlyonFridayat3:00pmsothatworkerscanspendtimeforthemselves.Due to the typical Japanese peoplewho lovework hard, so they hadminimal time to socialize. Thisprogram is as of providing incentives for employees who leave early. The program launched afternumerous suicide deaths related to excessive workload loads in Japan. However, not all companiesadopt this program. It’s because the hard working culture is more viscous and ingrained for theJapanesepeople

Anothersocialproblemisthelowbirthrate.ThefactorwasJapanesewomendelayedhavingchildrenorevendecidenottohavechildren.Inaddition,thedecliningmarriagerateledtolowerbirthratesbesidesthehighmortalityrate.EffortsbytheJapanesegovernmenttocopewithlowbirthratesareprovidingtaxincentivestoencourageJapanesewomentohavechildren,providechildcarefacilities,andfreezingfrozeneggsforwomenwhowanttohavechildrenlateron.

Nowadays, Hikikomori has become a new social problem. Hikikomori is a condition in which theperpetrator alienates himself fromhis social environment andonly confines himself in the roomanddoesnot leave the room.Theperpetratorsof thishikikomori average self-exileabove sixmonthsbutsomedo soup to ten years. Factors that affect a person to doHikikomori are environmental factors(bullyingandfailingintheexam)andfamilyfactors(protectiveparents),socialenvironmentfactors,andindividualfactors.

Technological

TechnologyinJapanisexploding.Japanisacountrywiththemostinnovativetechnology.In2014,Japanawarded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in terms of technological efficiency. Japan got thisaward after winning on 36 indicators from other Asian countries. Technological development andindustrialization in Japanbegan since theMeiji Restoration (Meiji Restoration) era in 1868-1912. TheMeiji Era known as the start of Japanese modernization. This era became a milestone of Japan'stransformation fromfeudal state to industrializedcountry.Oneof the fastestgrowing technologies in

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Japan is robot technology.This technologycan leadJapan in theworld. Japanembodiestherobots inreallife,calledhumanoid.Examplesofsomeoftheworld'smostpowerfulJapaneseassemblyrobotsareASIMO,Erica,Asuna,toHRP-4C(arobotsthatcapableofwalkingonacatwalklikemodel.

Another technology that is the mainstay of this country is a fast train, Shinkansen. The train uses

magneticlevitationtechnologythatcankeepthetrainashighas10centimetersfromtherailanddriveat speedsup to600 kilometersperhour. In theautomotive industry, Japan is a country thathas themostsuperiorhybridtechnologyandthemostsophisticatedvehicleconceptofthefuture.Forexamplehybridtechnologyownedbytheworld's largestautomotivemanufacturer,Honda.EvenJapancreated“green”carsthatdonotusefuel.

Forthefoodindustry,Japancapableofdevelopingtechnologytoconvertseawaterintodrinkingwater.

Inaddition,Japanisthefirstcountryintheworldthatmadetechnologytoturningriceintobread.Theagricultural system in Japan has used advanced technology. For plant, water, and harvest, Japanesefarmersassistedbymachinery.IfinIndonesiaplowfieldsstilluseasingleplow,inJapanplowhasbeenusingsixplows,soit isfastertofinish.FoodqualityinJapansafebecauseofitsprocessingusinghightechnology.

Legal BasedonregulatoryresearchinJapanconductedbytheIndonesiandelegation,itcanconcludedthatin

Japan,thelawdoesnotalwaysmeanwrittenrules,butalsoethicsandcustoms.NotalllawsapplicableinJapansetforthinawrittenregulation.Japanesesocietyislaw-abiding,bothwrittenandunwritten.

In termsof tradeor imports, tooverseethequalityofgoods, Japanesegovernment implements rulesthatrefertothenationalinterest,thereare:a.ThePlantProtectionLawthatregulatesthequarantinesystemoffruits,vegetables,andplantsthat

bannedinJapan.b. TheConsumerProductSafetyLawwhich regulatesprocedures for importingandsellingconsumer

goodsinJapan.c. Measurement Law which regulates the product packaging system with the label of content

description,nameandaddressofimporter.d.QuarantineLawwhichregulatesquarantinesystemofimportedgoods.e. Law for Promotion of Sorted and Recycling Containers and Packaging that regulates recycled

packagingsystems-IndustrialStandardizationLawthatregulatesindustrystandardproductqualitysystems.

Japan'simporttariffforsomeimportedcommoditiesislowat3.6%.TariffdeterminationinJapanbasedon Custom Tariff Schedule with HS 9 digit, but for goods other than raw materials, Japan adoptsescalationtariffsystem.

Environmental

TheenvironmentinJapanisspotlessandneat.Thecommunityaccustomedtocleanlivinganddisciplinein terms of cleanliness. This is evident from the neat environment of garbage, clean rivers, and non-pollutingair.

Recommendation:

Indonesia has a lot of wonderful places to visit. To develop the tourism place and attract foreigntourists, it is needs commitment and support not only from Government, but also the people ofIndonesia.Byalwaysmaintaining thecleanlinessandbeautyof thesights. Inaddition, to increasethenumber of tourist, it is necessary to enhance promotion of Indonesia tourism place. It also needsbudgetsformaintaininganddevelopingthetouristarea.

2. CROSSCULTURALANALYSISREPORT

DifferencesinValues,Beliefs,ansPolicies JapanesesocietyembracesBushidoprincipleintheirlife.BushidoisacodeofethicsofSamuraichivalry

inJapanesefeudalism.BushidoprincipleadoptedbytheexemplaryJapanesecommunityare:a. Gi(Integrity)

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Gi or integrity is the ultimate andmost basic value in Bushido value.Gimeans harmony inmind,speech,anddeedinupholdinghonestyandtruth.

b. Yu(HeroicCourage)Yuorcourageisthecharacteranddeterminationofthesoultosurvivefortheprincipleoftruththatbelieveddespitethepressureandobstacles.

c. Jin(Compassion)Jinorgenerousisthenatureofloving,caring,andcaringforeachother.

d. Rei(Respect)Rei or respect and courtesy to others. Rei value is thick and become the character of Japanesesociety.ThevalueofReiinstilledfromanearlyage,soReitakesprecedenceoverallaspectsoflife.

e. MakotoorShin(HonestlyandSincerity)Thatistobehonestandsinceresincere,sayorconveyinformationunderrealityandtruth.

f. Meiyo(Honor)Maintain self-esteemwith respectablebehavior.Oneofpreservinghonoror self-esteem isbynotwastingtimeonunimportantactivitiesandavoidinguselessbehavior.ItisrareforJapanesesocietytorelaxdoingnothing.Wheninastateofrelaxation,thentheystilluseitbydoingactivitiessuchasreading,sendingemail,andsoforth.Therefore,theJapanesepeoplebelongtoworkaholictoachievethehighesthonor.

g. Chugo(DutyandLoyalty)Chugo is loyalty to leaders or teachers. To keep the good name of the leader or teacher, theJapanesepeopleworkhardasmuchaspossible.

Japanesesocietyverydisciplinedandrespectthetime.ItisrareforJapanesepeopletobelateinworkorschool.Likewisedisciplineinobeyingtherules.Japanesesocietyisveryobedienttobothwrittenandunwritten rules. Besides discipline, Japanese society is very enterprising and workaholic. For them,overtimeisbetterandisafeatcomparedtogoinghomefast.

WevisitedplacesthatbecomethelandmarksandcultureofJapan.Theplacesare:

1. AsakusaKannonTempleAsakusa Kannon Temple or Sensoji Temple is a Buddhist temple in Asakusa. The first outer gatecalled Kaminarimon (Thunder Gate). After walk inside, we will cross Nakamise Street, which isshoppingstreetfromthefirstGatetothesecondgate,Hozomon.AtNakamisestreet,wewillfindmany traditional foodandbeverage, traditional shops, and Japanese souvenirs.Afterpassing theHozomonGate, thenweseethetemple'smainhallanda fivestoriedpagoda.This touristspot isverybusyeveryyearandbecomethemaindestinationbothdomesticandforeigntourists.

2. TokyoSkytreeTokyoSkytreeisthetallesttowerinJapan.InMarch2011,TokyoSkytreebecamethetallesttowerinJapanwithanaltitudeof634metersandmadethetowerintonumber1theworld'stallesttowerbeating the Tower Canton. Tokyo Skytree is a broadcasting, restaurant, and observation tower.TokyoSkytreewascompletebuilton29February2012anditsopenedtopublicfromMay22,2012.Entrancepricechargedforadultis¥3000forsingleticket(floor350)and¥4000forcomboticket(floor350+450).Fromaheightof350meters,wecanseethesightsofTokyointhedayornight.

3. TokyoTowerAtnight,meandmyfriendstooktimetovisitTokyoTower,oneofTokyolandmarks.Wevisiteditatnightbecauseonlyattahttimewecangothere.TokyoTower isthehighesttower inJapansince1957with a height of 332.6meters, but after Tokyo Skytree built, this position replaced. TokyoTowerestablishedin1957asatransmittertowerforthetelevisionwave,butnowTokyoTowerisbetterknownasa touristattraction.TokyoTowerentrancepricechargedat¥900perperson foradults.WecanenjoyviewsofTokyoatnightordayfromaheightof±150meters.WhenwevisitedTokyoTowerintheevening,wecanenjoytheviewofcitylightsandcarsthattwinkleandcolorful.In addition, on the 2nd floor of Tokyo Tower there are shops selling a wide range of Japanesesouvenirs.JapanesesnackssuchasTokyoBananacanalsofoundatthisplace.

Acculturation

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There is an acculturation between Japanese culture and Chinese culture. It has seen from thearchitectureofJapanesebuildingsintheYamatoerawhichacculturatedChineseculture.However,thisacculturationdidnotaffecttheJapanesegovernment. Intermsofbelief,theJapanesecommunitynotinfluenced by the Confucian and adhered to the Shinto. Japanese culture that has acculturatedwithChinesecultureiswritingandlanguage,religion(theentryofBuddhisminthe5thcentury),philosophy,astronomy,woven,agriculture,craft,andmedicine.Acculturation can occur in a person's personality when he or she settles in a country that is not acountryoforiginorimmigrantsinthelongterm.Thecustomsandbehavioroftheimmigrantsadjusttothecultureofthecountry.WorldBrandsJapan has many brands that are very global, both from the electronics sector to cosmetics. This isbecause the Japanese society is high end of hardwork and integrity inworking to produce the bestproduct or service. That iswhy Japan is becoming themost innovative country. From the electronicssector,weknowSony,Canon,Fujifilm,Panasonic,andToshiba. In termsofautomotive,which is veryfamous are Honda, Toyota, Yamaha, and Suzuki. For cosmetics, we know SK-II with technology andinnovation Facial Treatment Essence Pitera derived from yeast fermentation. Other well-knowncosmetic brands are Shiseido, Kose,Hadalabo, ShuUemura, Kanebo, etc. In fashion,we knowUniqloandOnitsukaTiger.

3. COMPANYVISITANALYSISREPORTWasteManagementinJapanThe success keyof Japan inmanagingwastebeganabout20 years agowhen Japanemerged into anindustrialized country. In the60-70s, pollution cases, environmental pollution, poisoning, became theeffectof thegrowing industry in Japan.Householdwastebecameabigproblem for theenvironmentand disrupt the life of the Tokyo’s people. In the mid-1970s, there emerged an environmental-carecommunity movement or "chonaikai" in various cities in Japan. This movement concern aboutenvironmental and adheres to 3R theme, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. This movement is growing andsupportedfromvariouslayersofJapanesesociety.However,theJapaneseGovernmentdidnothavealawonwastemanagement. In1997,ContainersandPackagingRecycleLawapprovedbytheJapaneseParliament. In June2000,BasicLawforthePromotionof theFormationofRecyclingOrientedSocietyalsoapprovedbyParliament.A Good waste management begins by cultivating 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) by Japanese"choinakai"movementsthatstartgoodcultureofwastemanagementhabits.Reducingtheamountofwaste can achieve by 3R, Reduce - Reuse - Recycle. The first R is Reduce, which is all activitiesundertakentominimizethevolumeofwaste.Thisactivitycoulddonebeforethewasteproduced,forexample by reducing the consumptive lifestyle, which is changing the habits of the wasteful andconsumptionthatgeneratesa lotofwastetobeefficient/ lesswaste.Reuse is theactivityofreusingwastewithoutformchangesforotherusefulactivities.Recycle isanefforttorecyclewasteintootheruseful items or new products. Waste management by the 3R method is more how to build wastedisposedbyindividuals,houses,orresidentialareas.

Source:JapaneseMinistryoftheEnvironment,2005

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Picture1.3RProcess

The picture above describes the 3R process in managing waste. Starting from production of naturalresources in manufacturing or distributed into a goods or products that can consumed by thecommunity.Then,theproductconsumedanduseditsbenefits.Oncetheproductisconsumedandthebenefits of the product have been exhausted, it will leave the rest of the product that couldn’tconsumed again or waste that must removed. More and more products or goods consumed, it willcauseinanincreasingamountofwaste.Step13Rstartsfrom,Reduce,atthisstage,wecanreducetheamountofconsumptionofproducts/goodssoastominimizetheamountofwastegenerated.Step2,Reuse,useorreusethegarbagethatcanstillusedforthesamefunctionorotherfunctions.Treatmentthatcandoneonthewastecanbethroughrecyclingorincineration.InStep3,Recycle,thewastecanrecycled into energy, material, or various products beneficial to society. While the waste that can’trecoveredorrecycledbackintoanythingwillbedischargedtothefinaldisposal.Inorderforagoodwastedisposalculturetobeestablishedinthecommunity,itisnecessarytopromote3R. The five key things that necessary done in 3R promotion, as the Japanese do. First, awareness-raising,whichraisesawarenessandawarenessofsocietytotheenvironmentbygettingusedtothrowgarbage in its place. This can be done by educating the community so that people understand theimportantof3R ineveryday life. Thiseducation can start asearly aspossible, fromhomeand schoolenvironments.Second,informationsharing,informationabout3Rshouldsharetothepublic.Toachieve3Rsuccess, it requiresparticipationfromvariouspartiesorstakeholdersfromproductdesignstagetorecycling/disposal stage.Share information isvery important toestablish, suchas informationaboutthelabelsshowingenvironmentalfriendlinessofproductandlabelsindicatingmaterialtypeofrecycling.The information will facilitate in the next waste management. Third, Incentives, incentives in 3Rpromotionsclassifiedintotwo,economicandsocialincentives.Economicincentivessuchaspreferentialtaxation, low interest loans, subsidies, and debt guarantee. Social incentives can be eco-communityprojectsandgreenpurchasingawards.Fourth,technologydevelopment,technologydevelopmentsuchas promotion of research on systems that enable the material cycle at the local level, research toestablishandevaluatematerialflows,developcleantechnologiestopromote3Rattheproductionandtechnical development stage to promote 3R at the design stage would require in the future. Fifth,partnership,approachthroughpartnershipisveryimportant.Allstakeholders,centralgovernment,localgovernment,privatesector,communityandNGOsrequiredtoworkontheirowninitiativeswhilefullyawareoftheirexpectedroles.Examplesofactivitiesthatwecandoineverydaylifetotrain3R,first,beforebuyingaproduct,getusedtochecktheproduct,whethertheproductisdurable?Canitberecharge?Canitberecycle?AndamIspendingtoomuch?Second,useorbringyourownshoppingbag, ittominimizetheplasticbagsused.Third, before disposing of trash, think first whether the trash can still be reused or recycled intosomethingmorebeneficial.Fourth,whenthetrashcan’tberecycledorreused,wehavetothrowinarighttrashcanaccordingtothewastematerial.Collectionisonestageinwastemanagement.Thisstageisatthebeginning.Tofacilitatetheprocessing,inthegarbagedisposalseparateofwastebasedonthematerial,suchasbottles,cans,andpetbottles.Classification in waste disposal can facilitate waste management in the next process. WasteclassificationinJapanaccordingto(NREL,1993)are:

Wastes

Wastesfrombusinesssactivities

Domesticwastes

Industrialwaste

Generalwaste

Speciallymanaged

Otherindustrialwaste

Speciallymanaged

Sawageandseptic

Othergeneralwaste

NonIndustrialwaste

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Source:WasteManagementLaw(NREL,1993)

Picture2.SchematicofJapaneseWasteClassificationsInJapan,eachcitydeterminescollectiondayandareadependingonthetypeofwaste,andperformsanefficientoperationdraftingoperationsplansaccording toseasonalchangesandregional trends in theamount ofwaste. Thewastemanagement process in 23 cities not charged for householdwaste (notexceeding10kgperday),besideslargesizedwasteandwasteofbusinessactivitiescharged.In this International Joint Seminar program, we had chance to visit Shin-Koto Incineration Plant inYumenoshima,Koutou-ku.Shin-kotoIncinerationPlantisoneoftheexistingwasteprocessingplantsinJapan,Tokyo.Thereare21IncinerationPlantin23citiesinTokyoandserveareaswithinthecity.Shin-KotoIncinerationPlantbuilton61,000m2area,withatotalwaste18,000tons/day.Itcostsabout88billion yen to built this plant. Shin-Koto Incineration Plant completed in September 1998. The otherfacilitieslistoftheCleanAuthorityofTokyoare:

Table1.FacilitiesListoftheCleanAuthorityofTokyoCalssification PlantName DateCompleted Type*Incineration Meguro March1991 AIncineration Ariake December1995 AIncineration Chitose March1996 AIncineration Edogawa January1997 AIncineration Sumida January1998 AIncineration Kita March1998 AIncineration ShinKoto September1998 AIncineration Minato January1999 AIncineration Toshima June1999 BIncineration Shibuya July2001 BIncineration Chuo July2001 AIncineration Itabashi November2002 AIncineration Tamagawa June2003 AIncineration Adachi March2005 AIncineration Shinagawa March2006 AIncineration Katsushika Deember2006 AIncineration Setagaya March2008 CIncineration Ota September2014 AIncineration Nerima November2015 AIncombustible ChuboIncombustibleWaste

ProcessingCenterPlant2October1996 HitachiHozen,Transverse-

rotaryhorizontalhammermillIncombustible KeihinjimaIsland

IncombustibleWasteProcessingCenter

November1996 KyokutoKaihatsu,Transverse-rotaryverticalhammermill

Large-sized Large-sizedWastePulverizationProcessing

Facility

June1979 KyokutoKaihatsu,Transverse-rotaryverticalhammermill

Large-sized PulverizedWasteProcessingCenter

July1992 Ebara,Fluidizedbed

Ash-melting ChuboAsh-meltingFacility December2006 Mitsubishi,PlasmaGraphiteelectrodes

Nightsoil ShinagawaCleaningFacilityforNightSoil(forrelease

intothesewer)

January1999 Dilution(reducedwaterandprocessedwaterfromthe

incinerationplantSource:WasteReportCleanAuthorityofTokyo,2017*IncineratorTypes:A=Stokerfurnace(fullcontinuancecombustion)

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B=Fluidizedbedfurnace(fullcontinuancecombustion)C=Gasificationmeltingfurnace(Allcontinousoperation)Theprocessofwastemanagementfromcollectiontothefinaldisposalstageisfirst,wasteoriginatingfromhomes, shops,offices, schools,and inside thecitywerecollectedandclassifiedaccording to theapplicablerulesandputinthetrashaccordingtotheirrespectivetypes.Forexamplebottle,cans,andpetbottle.Thewasteinthelandfillclassifiedorseparatedaccordingtoitsnature.Wasteclassifiedintofourtypes,combustiblewaste,incombustiblewaste,large-sizedwasteandresources.1. Combustiblewasteisorganicwasteorgarbagederivedfromvegetable,fruits,eggshells,paperand

so on which can destroyed by burning. This waste will load onto collection sites, from which itdirectly transferred by truck and taken to an Incineration Plants. Incineration prevents bacteria,vermin, and foul odor and maintains a sanitary environment. By incinerating waste, its volumereduced to approximately one-twentieth. Emission of hazarddous substanceswithin exhaust andwastewaterfromincinerationplantscontrolledandreducedtolowerimpactontheenvironment.In an incineration plan, power generation and heat supply performed using the heat energy ofwasteincineration.AshgeneratedfromincinerationatanincinerationplantseparatedintoBottomashandflyash.Bottomashiscinderdischargedfromthebottomoftheincineration.Flyashissootanddustwithinexhaustcollectedbybagfilters,etc.Thecombustiblewastewillprocessasfollow:a. WastedischargedtothefinalwastedisposalassignedtotheTokyoMetropolitanGovernment

attheNewSeaSurfaceDisposalSite.Theremainingbottomashsenttolandfilldisposal.Flyashprocessedwithchemicalsandsenttolandfilldisposal.

b. Private cement factories, bottom ash recycled it into cement then used it as constructionmaterialsandcivilengineeringmaterials,etc.

c. Ash-MeltingFacility,bottomashmeltedintoslagusedasacivilengineeringmaterial,etc.Whenbottomashmeltedatahightemperatureofover1,200oC(2,192oF)andthencooled,itturnsinto sandyslag.As slag, thevolume isalmosthalf thatofash,andone-fortiethof itsoriginalstateaswaste.Theprocessofmakingslagdecomposesdioxinswithintheash,andtrapsheavymetalsinside,somakingitsafeandefficientforuseasconstructionmaterials,etc.

d. Used efficiently to produce heat energy. Electricity and hot water produced at plants usedwithin facilities tooperate theplant, so reducingelectricitypurchasesand fuel costs. Surpluselectricitysoldtopowercompanies.Alloftheplantssellelectricity,andfourplantssellheatashotwatertootherfacilities.Theheatenergycanserveas:-Forhousing,usedaspowergenerator-Sellingofsurpluspower-Forairconditioning,localheatedswimmingpool,andsoon.

Source:WasteReportCleanAuthorityofTokyo,2017

Picture3.HeatEnergyProcessBased on the picture above, hot water pressurized and remains in its liquid state even at atemperatureover100oC (212oF).AriakeandShinagawa IncinerationPlantssellheat tosupplycompanies.Shin-KotoandItabashiIncinerationPlantssupplyheattometropolitanfacilitiesatacharge.

2. Incombustiblewaste is fire-retardantor indestructiblewastebycombustionprocess.Examplesofwaste in this category such as broken glass, broken umbrella, broken pan, and so on. This

10

incombustiblewastewilltransfertotheIncombustibleWasteProcessingCenter.InTokyo,therearetwoIncombustibleWasteProcessingCentersthatserve23cities,oneofitisChuboIncombustibleWasteProcessingCenter.Incombustiblewasteisprocessedattwoincombustiblewasteprocessingcentre. The process divided into pulverization and saparation. Incombustiblewaste pulverized toreduce its volume, so that an efficient use of landfill sites made possible. Incombustibles alsocontainrecyclableresources,suchasferrousmetalsandaluminum,whichseparatedandcollectedintoaluminummetalsstockyard.Inaddition,otherwastedischargedtothefinalwastedisposalattheOuterCentralBreakwaterLandfillDisposalSiteortheNewSeaSurfaceDisposalSite. Source:WasteReportCleanAuthorityofTokyo,2017

Picture4.IncombustibleWasteProcess

3. Large-sizedwaste.Thesegarbagehavelarge-scale,forexamplebrokencabinets,brokenmattresses,brokenbikes,etc.Large-sizedwasteseparatedintocombustiblelarge-sizedwaste,suchaswoodenfurnitures, and into incombustible large-sized waste, such as bicycles. The separation workperformedmanuallyat large-sizedwaste transferstations ineachcity,orat thereceivingyardofthe Large-sized Waste Pulverization Processing Facility. There is one facility serving 23 cities.Combustible residue will transfer to the incineration plants after pulverization for incinerate.Incombustible residue will sent to Central Breakwater Landfill Disposal Site or New Sea SurfaceDisposal Site. The results of the process will be transferred to the Chubo Incombustible WasteProcessingCenterforferrousmetalsandaluminumrecoverytoaluminimummetalsstockyard,forlargenon-combustablesolidwaste.Thepicturebelowdrawtheoverviewofprocessinglarge-sizedwaste.

Source:WasteReportCleanAuthorityofTokyo,2017

Picture5.Large-SizedWasteProcess

4. Resources.Whichbelong to these resourcesarebottlesuseddrinks,cans, foodsushibox,andsoforth.The resourceswill collect,eachcitycollectspaper,bottles, cans,PETbottlesand trays,buttheitemsandmethodsinthecollectionofeachcityvary.Resourcesrecycledintonewresourcesbyrecycling centers or private recycling businesses. The basic law that promotes the creation of asocietyorientedtorecyclingare:- ActonthePromotionofEffectiveUtilizationofResources- ContainersandPackagingRecyclingLaw- HomeApllianceRecyclingLaw- FoodWasteRecyclingLaw- ConstructionMaterialsRecyclingLaws- LawonrecyclingofEndof-LifeVehicles- SmallHomeAppliancesRecyclingLaw

InJapan,centralandlocalgovernmentshaveanimportantrole inwasteandwastemanagement.Thecentral government establishes a municipal waste management framework and collects and uses

Incombustiblewaste Pulverization Separation

Ferrousmetals

Otherwaste

Incombustibles

Aluminium

Landfill

Landfill

Recoveredasresources

Large-sizedWaste Pulverization Separation

Ferrousmetals

Pulverizedwaste

IncinerationPlantsinthe23cities

combustible

Recoveredasresources

Landfill

incobustibles

Privatecementsfactories

Ash-meltingfacility

Landfill

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information, technological development, and assistance to local governments. Meanwhile, localgovernments created modern waste collection systems using the knowledge they collected whenbuildingacommunityhygienemechanismbecausetheamountofmunicipalwastegeneratedexplodedduring periods of high economic growth in the 1960s. Both central and local governments haveintensified their efforts to modernize sanitation and to implement environmental conservationmeasures. The key to Japanese success in managing waste is the understanding, participation, andcooperationbetweenthecentralgovernment,localgovernment,andthecommunity.ThreesecretsofJapanesesuccessinhandlinghouseholdwastearethehighpriorityofthecommunityinthe recycling program. Almost all Japanese people understand the importance of recycling wastemanagement. Second, the emergence of social pressure from Japanese society when littering. TheshameofsocietyisthekeytowasteeffectivenessinJapan.Third,amassiveandaggressiveeducationalprogramdonefromanearlyagesoastobuildacultureofwastedisposalinthesubconscious.WasteManagementinIndonesiaIndonesiaisonecountrythathasproblemsregardinggarbage.SitiNurbayaBakar,Indonesia'sMinisterof Environment and Forestry stated in the electronicmedia that the volume of garbage in Indonesiareaches65million tonsayear, thecompositiondominatedby60%organicwasteand14% increasingplasticwaste.Sourcesofwastecomesfromhouseholds,traditionalmarkets,andoffices.Theproblemofwaste in Indonesia becomes complex related issues of waste pollution at sea. Based on research byJambeck, JenaR.,et.al. In2015entitled"Plasticwaste inputs from land into theocean"declaredthepotentialofplasticwasteintheIndonesianoceanreached187.2milliontons/year.TheresearchstatesthatIndonesiabecamethesecondlargestcountryintheworldthatcontributeswastetotheseaafterChina.Indonesia worked in managing waste so as not to be a disaster that harms the community. Wastemanagement regulation in Indonesia regulated in Law (Undang-Undang)Number18 year 2008 aboutWasteManagement, Government Regulation Number 81/2012 about HouseholdWaste, PresidentialInstructionuntilMinisterialRegulationonwaste.BasedonLawNo.18of2008,wastemanagement isthe responsibility of local government. However, the central government must provide support andmakeeffortsnationally.Someexamplesofgovernmentpoliciestoreducewastearethetrialofreducingplasticshoppingbagsatconveniencestoresin2016.In 2014, Indonesian Government established the 2020 Free Indonesia Program ofWaste (ProgramIndonesia Bebas Sampah 2020).Which the central government, local government, non-governmentalorganizations, private, public figures, artists, themedia, and individuals concernedwithwaste issuesjoined the national action movement simultaneously in each region. In 2015 the national actionmovementfollowed in20citiesand23points.As fortheyear2016,1024communities in155cities/regenciesin34Provincesmovetogether.Besides launching the Indonesia Free Garbage 2020 Program, the Government will commemorateNationalRubbishDay(HPSN)everyFebruary21st.Thedatechosentocommemoratethetrashdebristragedyat theLeuwiGajahLandfillonFebruary21st,2005.Thedisaster resulted in141deathsand6injured, compensation payments amounting to Rp65 billion, and the release of 68 houses on a 12hectarelandaroundLeuwiGajahLandfillatacostofRp15billion.In2016,SurabayawonAdipuraParipurnaAwardforMetropolitanCityCategory.Atopawardinthefieldof cleanliness. Adipura Cup received by Surabaya for seven consecutive years. In 2015, SurabayaawardedAdipuraKencana,because it consideredsuperiorandable tocreate innovation,especially intermsofutilizationoflandfillsasasourceofenergy(wastetoenergy).WastemanagementconductedbySurabayaCitythroughwastereductionstartingfromitssource,iehousehold,school,hotel,campus,andmarket by adopting 3R. Garbage produced by Surabaya City per day reaches 1,500 tons and 3Reffortcanreducegarbagevolumeupto300tonsperday.Efforts to reduce the volume of waste in Surabaya City starting from households processed intocompost, handicrafts, to commercial products. Organic waste placed separately and processed intocompost. Surabayahasa composthouse that turnsorganicwaste into fertilizer to care forparksandurbanforests.Non-organicwasterecoveredorsoldtocollectors.Independentwastemanagementalsodone throughgarbagebanks, spreadacross almost all districts in Surabaya.Residents carryingplastic

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waste,paperorthatcouldsoldaside,valuedby junkbanks. Inaddition, thewaste inBenowoLandfillcanbeprocessed intoelectricityandsoldtoPLNupto2megawatts.Toreduceapollution filterandunpleasant smell, the Government of Surabaya City collaborated with Government of East JavaProvincialtopreparegreenbeltaroundBenowoLandfill.So,theair inthesettlementaroundBenowowillnotpolluted.HermawanSome,CoordinatorofZeroGarbageCommunity,statedthattherearefiveaspectsinwastemanagement: regulation, institution, social participation, financing, and technology. However, whatgenerallyconstrainsacity/districtinmanagingwasteisfinancing.Thisisbecausewastemanagementrequiresa largecost forequipmentand technologywhich isn’t cheapandAPBD inmanyareas isnotsignificant.Therefore,societyawarenessandparticipationregardingwastedisposalormanagementareessential. Besides government and society, producers or companies of packaging products, have theresponsibilityofextendedproducerresponsibility(EPR),withdrawtheirpackagingorrecycle.RecommendationWastebecomesacommonprobleminbigcities.Indonesiaalsoexperiencedproblemsregardingwasteand itsmanagement.Although inKabupatenTangerangconvertedgarbage intocoffeebriquettes,butgarbage remainsaproblem inother cities.Adopting theexistingwastemanagement system in Japanbeing applied in Indonesia is very important. However, to realize it required planning and costly. Inaddition, the most important thing that would be implemented is mental readiness of Indonesianpeople to love the cleanliness and discipline in disposing of garbage. Japan's success in wastemanagement supported by discipline and hygiene practices adopted by Japanese society. TheIndonesianGovernmentneedstoeducateandsocializetoalllevelsofsociety,bothinurbanandinlandaboutclean livingculture,not litteringandthrowinggarbage ingarbagebinsaccordingto thetypeofgarbage.Forthelastthingstarttobeapplied,butlesseffectiveinitsimplementation.Manyuneducatedor uninformed societies know to dispose of waste in its place according to the type of garbage.Educationaboutwasteshouldstartasearlyaspossiblefromthefamilyenvironmentuntilitbecomesahabit.Therearestillmanyoriginofdisposingofgarbageisnotunderthetrashprovided.Forexamplethrowingbottlesinorganictrash.Whileeducatingthepublicaboutthedisciplineindisposingofwaste,Indonesian Goverment have to make planning and realizing the incineration plant and wastemanagementmodelinIndonesia.Referenceshttp://www.olahsampah.com/index.php/manajemen-sampah/39-rahasia-sukses-pengolahan-sampah-di-jepanghttp://www.imccsub.com/tentang-jepang/jepang-modern/229-bagaimanakah-sistem-pembuangan-sampah-di-jepang.htmlhttp://www.kompasiana.com/weedykoshino/di-balik-kehebatan-jepang_563aa295747e61e30422d54ahttps://prezi.com/2fze7vuxm6g2/sosial-masyarakat-jepang-saat-ini/http://internasional.kompas.com/read/2017/03/24/08332631/jepang.catat.rekor.bunuh.diri.tertinggi.di.dunia.simak.datanya.http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3021.htmlhttp://www.beritasatu.com/ekonomi/329837-ini-dia-konsep-monozukuri-yang-membuat-industri-jepang-sangat-maju.htmlhttp://info-cool.com/tujuh-prinsip-moral-bushido/http://www.metropolitan.id/2017/02/di-belakang-uu-ada-etika-hukum-belajar-dari-jepang/http://japantourlist.com/id/robot-robot-futuristik-yang-keren-dari-jepanghttp://www.onlenpedia.com/2016/12/mengenal-sistem-ekonomi-jepang-salah.htmlhttps://www.infojepang.nethttps://id.japantravel.com/guide/info-belanja-pembebasan-pajak/21816http://www.mongabay.co.id/2017/03/15/indonesia-bebas-sampah-2020-kemandirian-pengelolaan-sampah-harus-dilakukan/Japan’sExperienceinPromotionofthe3Rs,MinistryoftheEnvironmentJapan,April2005.

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MengenalPasarJepang,http://www.kemendag.go.id.NREL,NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory.(1993).IntegratedSolidWasteManagementinJapan.

Springfield,VA:U.S.DepartementofEnergy.SuratEdaranNomorSE.1/MenLHK-Sekjen/Rokum/PLB.3/1/2017tentangPelaksanaanPeringatanHari

PeduliSampahNasional(HPSN)Tahun2017,KementerianLingkunganHidupdanKehutanan,Indonesia,2017.

WasteReport2017CleanAuthorityofTokyo.

DOKUMENTATION1. Ueno

2. Asakusa

3. JapanesePeople

4. Shin-KotoIncinerationPlant

5. TokyoCity

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6. ShisuiPremiumOutlets

7. DisposalBins

8. TsukijiFishMarket

9. TokyoTower

10. Ginza

15

11. TokyoSkytree

12. Harajuku,NakamiseStreet

13. Akihabara

14. Odaiba

16