INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC ......system, this project introduces a model of photovoltaic...

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2020 ISSN 2277-8616

260 IJSTR©2020 www.ijstr.org

The Model Analysis Photovoltaic With Battery Based Microgrid System

Alias Khamis, Marizan Sulaiman, Chin Kim Gan, Mohd Shahrieel Mohd Aras, Azrul Affandi J Azhari

Abstract: Nowadays, distributed generation technology had gained more popularity by many countries. Recently, there are many problems with power system. One of the problem is high electricity price. The price in power generation rely largely on the type and market price of the fuel used, government subsidies, government and industry regulation, and even local climate patterns. Other than that, usage of fossil fuel needed to be cuts. By using the fossil fuel, it will cause the smog and acid rain. Afterwards that, it will cause the greenhouse emission and earth's climate will shift. To supply a better power system, this project introduces a model of photovoltaic (PV) and a battery storage microgrid (MG) system. The PV is the small scale which widely used in power generation system. Through this project, MG will be modelling by using PV and battery storage system. The PV and battery storage system will be analysis in grid connected or stand-alone mode.

Index Terms: Battery storage, distributed generation, microgrid and photovoltaic. ————————————————————

1. INTRODUCTION The Distributed Energy Sources (DERs) are becoming popular nowadays in the growing trend towards conventional energy resources and in increasing electricity demand. The distributed energy sources consist of distributed generation which act as sources energy to provide uninterrupted power to the connected microgrid for example photovoltaic system. Normally, this PV system is strategically placed at residential area due to the higher usage of electrical energy is used, which can let up on generation, transmission and distribution systems. Therefore, it can lead on delaying the need for new investments, improvement the load curve and voltage profile of the feeder, reducing the level of grid and transformer loadings and reduce electrical losses and avoid pollution [1]. Beside it is also have distributed storage such as battery storage to provide improve stability of the microgrid [2] and can be placed to store excess energy and provide it at times of deficiency [3]. However, while using the distributed generation in energy resources, it has their advantages and disadvantages. It will increase efficiency,

reduce rates, improve reliability and diminished emissions. While for the disadvantages, the microgrid becomes more complex and difficult to analyze. A microgrid can be defined as a separate energy system that consist of distributed energy sources, distributed energy storage and loads capable that parallel with the main power grid. Besides, microgrids provide varies favorable circumstance for integrating the renewable resources into the distribution system. Microgrid systems operate at low voltage distribution and consist of several distributed energy resources. The microgrid structure consists of Distributed Generation (DG), energy reserves from battery (Distributed Storage/DS) and loads. Through this research project, there are two types microgrid that had been analyzed which are photovoltaic microgrid system and battery storage microgrid system.

2. METHODOLOGY

2.1 Design of Photovoltaic and Battery Storage Microgrid

System with Grid-Connected and Grid-Disconnected

Fig. 1: Design of photovoltaic and battery storage in grid-connected



Fig. 1 shows the photovoltaic and battery storage system are connected to grid. The grid connected to wye-delta transformer to step-up the voltage and current. This power system connected to the load and supply the load demand. The voltage and current are measured by three phases VI measurement block. Meanwhile, for the active power and reactive power were measured by power measurement block. The frequency at the load measured by frequency measurement block. There are rectifier and converter that used after distribution generation of photovoltaic and battery storage. Its function to compatible in voltage and frequency with electronic power system to which it will be connected and contain necessary output filter. The filters used is LC filter which to filter noise to obtain synchronous voltage and frequency. The inverter after battery storage system used to convert DC voltage to AC voltage. The key role in this design is the usage of the three-phase breaker. Its function to open or close the circuit after trigger at transition time regarding to grid-connected or grid-disconnected. Besides,

this breaker also installed at photovoltaic and battery storage system due to 3 cases need to be analyzed. The 3 cases are photovoltaic supply the load, battery storage supply the load and lastly both photovoltaic and battery storage supply the load. The transition time has been set at 4/60 to 10/06 second. The system has run in 3 second. Due to the grid-connected condition, the breaker will act as close circuit. Difference in grid-disconnected where the breaker will act as open circuit as Fig. 2. In grid-disconnected mode also have 3 cases same as in grid-connected which is PV supply the load, battery supply the load and both supply the load. In this breaker consist of snubbers resistance. It is used to reduce or eliminate any severe voltages and currents. It placed across each switch and allowing voltage or current spikes to be suppressed by critically dampening the surge and protecting the switch from damage. So, even in open circuit as Fig. 9, there will be small flow of voltage and current. The snubbers resistance has been set up to 100 ohms.

Fig. 2: Design of photovoltaic and battery storage in grid-disconnected

2.2 Design of 11 kV Microgrid in Grid-Connected and Grid-Disconnected



Fig. 3: Design of 11 kV microgrid

Fig. 3 shows the design of 11 kV microgrid. By adding another transformer to step-up, the voltage is increased from 415 V to 11 kV. Next, the breaker is placed at grid side to ensure the grid either in grid-connected or grid-disconnected. The frequency block parameter is also installed to measure the frequency at required value such 60 Hz. The reading is taken at 415 V and 11 kV side for voltage, current, active power and reactive power.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Photovoltaic and Battery Storage System with

Grid-Connected In grid-connected mode, there will be three cases to be

analyzed which are: a) Case 1: Photovoltaic supply the system b) Case 2: Battery storage supply the system c) Case 3: Both supply the system

For each case, the value of voltage, current, active power and reactive are taken in primary and secondary side. Before that, the transition time of breaker have been set from 4/60 to 10/60 second. So that, at that time the breaker is trigger either from open to close or close to open depend on the cases. In the breaker, consist of snubbers resistance. Even in open condition, the current still can flow through the resistance. Case 1: Photovoltaic supply the system

Fig. 4: Photovoltaic supply in grid-connected

Based on the Fig. 4, the system only gets the supply from the photovoltaic supply nor the battery storage. In this case, the breaker at photovoltaic is close meanwhile at battery storage is open. Next, the transformer act as step-up the value of voltage

and current from PV to supply the load. Same as the grid connected at the load. The result that obtained from the simulation is shown as below.



Fig. 5: Primary voltage and current

Fig. 6: Primary active power and reactive power

Fig. 7: Frequency at primary side

Fig. 5 and 6 show the result of primary side at the transformer of voltage, current, active power and reactive power. The value of voltage is 170V, current is 1.35A, active power is 65W and

reactive power is -330Var. Meanwhile, Fig. 7 shows the result of the frequency at the primary side at the transformer which is 60 Hz.

Fig. 8: Secondary voltage and current



Fig. 9: Secondary active power and reactive power

Fig. 10: Frequency at secondary side

Fig. 8 and 9 show the result of voltage, current, active power and reactive power at secondary side of transformer. The value of voltage is 415v, current is 5A, active power is -3500W and reactive power is 1200Var. Meanwhile, Fig. 10 shows the result

of frequency at the secondary side of transformer which is 60Hz. Case 2: Battery supply the system

Fig. 11: Battery supply in grid-connected

Based on Fig. 11, the supply only come from the battery storage. Means that the breaker at battery is closed and the breaker at photovoltaic is opened. The voltage and current from the

battery will step-up at the transformer to give the supply at load and the microgrid also are connected to the load.






Fig. 12 and 13 show the result of voltage, current, active power and reactive power at the primary side of transformer. The value of voltage is 170V, current is 0.9A, active power is 70W

and reactive power is -165Var. Meanwhile, Fig. 14 shows the result of the frequency at the primary side of transformer which is 60Hz.






Fig. 15 and 16 show the result of voltage, current, active power and reactive power of secondary side at the transformer. The value of voltage is 415V, current is 5A, active power is -3200W and reactive power is 1400Var. Meanwhile, Fig. 17 shows the

result of the frequency at secondary side of transformer which is 60Hz. Case 3: Photovoltaic and battery supply the system

Fig. 18: Photovoltaic and battery supply in grid-connected

Based on the Fig. 18, the system gets the supply from the photovoltaic and the battery storage. In this case, the breaker at photovoltaic is close and at battery storage. Next, the voltage and current from the photovoltaic will flow through the

transformer and the batteries as back-up supply and charge if have redundant voltage from the photovoltaic. Then, it will step-up at transformer to supply to the load and the microgrid also are connected to the load.






Fig. 19 and 20 show the result of primary voltage, current, active power and reactive power at primary side of transformer. The value of voltage is 170V, current is 0.8A, active power is

80W and reactive power is -180Var. Meanwhile, Fig. 21 shows the result of the primary frequency which is 60Hz.






Fig. 22 and 23 show the result of secondary voltage, current, active power and reactive power of secondary side at the transformer. The value of voltage is 415V, current is 5A, active power is -3000W and reactive power is 1400Var. Meanwhile, Fig. 24 shows the result of the frequency at secondary side of transformer which is 60Hz

3.2 Photovoltaic and Battery Storage System with

Grid-Disconnected In grid-disconnected mode, there will be three cases to be analysed which are: a) Case 1: Photovoltaic supply the system

b) Case 2: Battery storage supply the system c) Case 3: Both supply the system

For each case, the value of voltage, current, active power and reactive are taken in primary and secondary side. Before that, the transition time of breaker have been set from 4/60 to 10/60 second. So that, at that time the breaker is trigger either from open to close or close to open depend on the cases. In the breaker, consist of snubbers resistance. Even in open condition, the current still can flow through the resistance. Case 1: Photovoltaic supply the system

Fig. 25: Photovoltaic supply in grid-disconnected

Based on Fig. 25, the supply come from the photovoltaic only. Means that, the breaker at PV is close and the breaker at battery storage is open. The voltage and current from the wind

turbine will step-up at the transformer to give the supply at load but the microgrid are disconnect with load.











Fig. 29 and 30 show the result of secondary voltage, current, active power and reactive power of secondary side at the transformer. The value of voltage is 146V, current is 1.8A, active power is -370W and reactive power is 140Var.

Meanwhile, Fig. 31 shows the result of the frequency at secondary side of transformer which is 60Hz. Case 2: Battery supply the system



Fig. 32: Battery supply in grid-connected

Based on Fig. 32, the supply come from the battery storage only. Means that, the breaker at PV is open and the breaker at battery storage is close. The voltage and current from the

battery storage will step-up at the transformer to give the supply at load but the microgrid are disconnect with load.











Fig. 36 and 37 show the result of secondary voltage, current, active power and reactive power of secondary side at the transformer. The value of voltage is 145V, current is 1.8A, active power is -365W and reactive power is 168Var.

Meanwhile, Fig. 38 shows the result of the frequency at secondary side of transformer which is 60Hz. Case 3: Photovoltaic and battery supply the system

Fig. 39: Photovoltaic and battery supply in grid-disconnected

Based on the Fig. 39, the system gets the supply from the photovoltaic and the battery storage. In this case, the breaker at photovoltaic is close and at battery storage. Next, the voltage and current from the photovoltaic will flow through the

transformer and the batteries as back-up supply and charge if have redundant voltage from the photovoltaic. Then, it will step-up at transformer to supply to the load but the microgrid are disconnected to the load.













Fig. 43 and 44 show the result of secondary voltage, current, active power and reactive power of secondary side at the transformer. The value of voltage is 145V, current is 1.8A, active power is -370W and reactive power is 165Var. Meanwhile, Fig. 45 shows the result of the frequency at secondary side of transformer which is 60Hz.

3.3 Photovoltaic with Battery Storage System Based

Microgrid at 11kV There will be 2 cases to be analysed which are: 1) Grid-connected

2) Grid-disconnected For each case, the value of voltage, current, active power and reactive are taken in primary and secondary side. For the primary side represent as 415 V, meanwhile secondary side represent as 11 kV. Before that, the transition time of breaker have been set from 4/60 to 10/60 second. So that, at that time the breaker is trigger either from open to close or close to open depend on the cases. In the breaker, consist of snubbers resistance. Even in open condition, the current or voltage still can flow through the resistance. Case 1: Grid-connected

Fig. 46: 11 kV of microgrid in grid-connected

Based on Fig. 46, the system gets the supply from the photovoltaic and the battery storage. In this case, the breaker is close at grid side. Next, the voltage and current from the photovoltaic will flow through the transformer and the batteries

as back-up supply and charge if have redundant voltage from the photovoltaic. Then, it will step-up at transformer to supply to the load.

Fig. 47: Voltage and current at 415V side



Fig. 48: Active and reactive power at 415V side

Fig. 49: Frequency at 415V side



Fig. 50: Voltage and current at 11kV side

Fig. 51: Active and reactive power at 11kV side

Fig. 52: Frequency at 11kV side

Fig. 50 and 51 show the result of secondary voltage, current, active power and reactive power of secondary side at the

transformer. The value of voltage is 11kV, current is 0.25A, active power is 1200W and reactive power is -3200Var.



Meanwhile, Fig. 52 shows the result of the frequency at secondary side of transformer which is 60Hz.

Case 2: Grid-disconnected

Fig. 53: 11kV of microgrid in grid-disconnected

Based on the Fig. 53, the system gets the supply from the photovoltaic and the battery storage. In this case, the breaker is open at grid side. Next, the voltage and current from the photovoltaic will flow through the transformer and the batteries

as back-up supply and charge if have redundant voltage from the photovoltaic. Then, it will step-up at transformer to supply to the load.

Fig. 54: Voltage and current at 415V side

Fig. 55: Active and reactive power at 415V side

Fig. 56: Frequency at 415V side



Fig. 54 and 55 show the result of primary voltage, current, active power and reactive power at primary side of transformer. The value of voltage is 240V, current is 2A, active power is 60W

and reactive power is -800Var. Meanwhile, Fig. 56 shows the result of the primary frequency which is 60Hz.

Fig. 57: Voltage and current at 11kV

Fig. 58: Active and reactive power at 11kV side

Fig. 59: Frequency at 11kV side

Fig. 57 and 58 show the result of secondary voltage, current, active power and reactive power of secondary side at the transformer. The value of voltage is 6.5kV, current is 0.15A, active power is 30W and reactive power is -1500Var. Meanwhile, Fig. 59 shows the result of the frequency at secondary side of transformer which is 60Hz.

4 CONCLUSION In conclusion, to model the photovoltaic with battery storage based microgrid by using MATLAB Simulink Software. There are theory and basic principle need to know before modelling the PV and battery storage microgrid. Next, the simulating the photovoltaic system and battery storage system to microgrid using MATLAB Simulink software. There are two conditions has been simulated for the microgrid system which are in grid-connected and grid-disconnected. The output result shows there are many differences between this conditions. Lastly, the performance of photovoltaic with battery storage based microgrid in grid-connected and grid-disconnected by using MATLAB Simulink software. The system has been analyzed in term of voltage, current, power and frequency. The values taken shows that the values when grid-connected is higher

compare to in grid-disconnected. Means that, if the system is connected with grid, the load will get supply through the grid instead of from distributed generation such PV. Thus, PV shows that it is good distributed generation to use now day because have many advantages compare to disadvantages.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author wants to express appreciation to Robotics and Industrial Automation Research Group, Centre of Excellence in Robotics and Industrial Automation (CERiA) and Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC ......system, this project introduces a model of photovoltaic...

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