INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 30 … TIJOSS Volume/2 Andi Murni-fajar.pdf · reference...

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 30

th January 2016. Vol.41. No.1

© 2012-2016 TIJOSS & ARF. All rights reserved

ISSN 2305-4557 www.Tijoss.com

12

THE ROLE OF APPARATUS QUALITY ON COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT

INDEPENDENCE EFFORTS

IN BEKASI CITY WEST JAVA ROVINCE INDONESIA

Andi Murni Amin Situru

Rinny Dewi Anggraeni

(IPDN Lecturer, Indonesia)

ABSTRACT

Human resources quality enhancement (PNS) can be viewed from a variety of non-physical

potential, namely : (1) knowledge, employees must have the basic knowledge that is wide enough so be

able to carry out the mandate of his job duties; (2) intelligentsia, employees will be able to receive any

orders in carrying out their duties; (3) expertise, employees are expected to possess specialized skills in

performing their duties as to operate existing technologies; (4) skills, employees are able to create new

innovations or new ideas in the task that he gets to be more motivated. (5) human relations, good human

resources is human resources capable to organize or communicate with each other and work well

together on the surrounding environment, as professionals are those who are able to communicate

between individuals.

Empowerment Research is one of the descriptive study. Descriptive study was not intended to test a

specific hypothesis, but simply describes "what is" about something variable, symptoms or circumstances.

Indeed, there are times when the results also prove the allegations but not too often done. Descriptive

study was not intended to test the hypothesis.

But if we mention the word research, then this will come into contact with something scientific

nuances. Thus, it can be stated that the empowerment research are to generate policies that can be

justified scientifically, within the limits that do not collide hardly with political will or social political

environment in a country. This study discusses and examines about THE ROLE OF APPARATUS

QUALITY ON COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT INDEPENDENCE EFFORTS IN BEKASI CITY

WEST JAVA PROVINCE INDONESIA This research method is descriptive qualitative and source data used are primary data sources and

secondary data. Data collection techniques are made by observation, documentation, and interviews.

This research generally aims to obtain information on community empowerment, namely by

reference to the economic empowerment evaluation on PNPM Urban in Bekasi. The evaluation result for

the local government can be a basis decision, whether to terminate, continue, or improve the

implementation of economic empowerment in PNPM Urban Independence Program. Operationally the

objectives of program evaluation are as follows: (1) The context of economic empowerment program on

PNPM Urban, which includes government policies, goals, community needs and objectives; (2) Economic

empowerment program input on PNPM Urban, in the form of infrastructure work and resource

managers; and (3) The process of economic empowerment program on PNPM Urban, in the form of

planning, capacity building, and managing performance; and (4) Economic empowerment program

Products on PNPM Urban, the economic benefits for society.

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I. Introduction

1.1 Background of The Problem

National development is an effort to

improve the quality of human and people of

Indonesia that carried out on an ongoing basis,

based on national capacity, by utilizing the

advancement of science and technology as well

as attention to the challenges of global

development in the implementation of the

national identity and refers to the noble

universal values to embody the life of a

sovereign nation, independent, fair, prosperous,

advanced and morally and ethically solid. To

achieve these objectives we need a government

that is strong and able to carry out the task of

organizing and integrating the activities of

people in order to achieve prosperity.

In the era of regional autonomy and

transparency like today, the government's role in

the present and future in order to realize the

construction of welfare function as a regulator,

Modernisator, catalyst / facilitator, motivator,

stabilizers and pioneer / stimulator, which

emphasizes self-reliance in community

development efforts. As a regulator, the

government provides basic reference which is

then translated by the community as an

instrument to regulate social life in the corridors

of the unity of Indonesia. As Modernisator

government is obliged to bring changes in the

direction of society renewal.

As a catalyst / facilitator, the government

tried to create or facilitate the orderly

atmosphere, comfortable and safe, including

facilitating the availability of development

structure and infrastructure. As a pioneer or

stimulator, the government must be able to

demonstrate real examples and encourage

people to follow the example through action

indeed if these examples helpful.

The government function requires the

"public participation" actively through

participation efforts, initiative and creativity.

Definition of 'public participation' in

development is a development process that

involves the community through two-way

communication continuously in disseminating

intensive efforts to obtain a full understanding

of the community and the whole of the

development process. In other words 'public

participation' is how people can get involved in

'social change' that allows people to get part of

the profits. The purpose of community

involvement in development is in order to

produce the 'input and perception' that is useful

for policy makers in order to improve the

quality of decision making.

Community development is part of an

effort to build community, namely the efforts

made consciously and continuously to change

the state of society toward a better and more

advanced capabilities through a variety of

community development, changes in people's

behavior (negative behavior) until the society

was able to organize itself (independence).

Community development can not be done






14

partially, but it must be done in a

comprehensive manner is the responsibility of

various stakeholders, government, NGOs

(nongovernmental organizations), BUMN /

BUMS and others.

The concept of community development

or community empowerment in the future more

emphasis on "self-reliance", because it is in the

development of society is necessary for the

active role of the community itself. This means

participation, initiative and creativity in the

development of society must be more to come

from the community itself, while the central

government serves as a regulator, Modernisator,

catalyst / facilitator, motivator, stabilizers and

pioneer / stimulator without interfering or

intervening too much that it can turn off the

independent development efforts.

Public participation in the society

development efforts is an absolute demand that

the community can play a role with regard to

people's desire to progress and develop through

the mechanism of its involvement in the

development process, such as preparing

development programs through a bottom-up

mechanism (bottom up) that treats people not

only as development "target" but also as

"agents" of development. This implies the need

for contributions, in addition to the prosecution

of justice and the right to enjoy the development

results.

Independence describes the capabilities

and potential of self-help, in this case the

government is gradually encourage self-help

potential exploration through the mechanism of

community development at the initial stage

initiated or encouraged by government

initiatives by the government to the people, then

the increase of government by the people for the

people; and ultimately the mechanism of

community by community to community.

Partnerships in community

development efforts intended as an effort to

establish cooperation with various parties aimed

at improving the competence and capacity of

the community, especially to support their

involvement in the development process that

can further implications on the: (a) the

maintenance of development sustainability, (b)

the creation of harmony variety of interests and

(c) as an instrument to avoid any inaccuracies or

gaps. Therefore, the necessary understanding of

the basic principles of "partnership" in the

development of society, such as: (a)

complementary, (b) mutually reinforcing, (c)

raising each other and (d) mutually beneficial.

In the Law of the Republic of Indonesia

Number 20 Year 2003 on National Education

System Article 3, it is stated that: National

Education serves to develop the ability and

character development and a dignified

civilization in order to educate the nation, aims

to develop students' potentials to become a man

of faith and piety the Lord of the Almighty,

noble, healthy, knowledgeable, capable,

creative, independent, and become a democratic






15

and responsible citizens. Thus, the purpose of

education is to develop the potential of learners

so that later can become Indonesian man who

adhered to the noble values and have strong

competitiveness.

Shane Harold in Sudrajat, Ahmad,

2010 Posted on 23 September 2010 suggests

that the success of education in Indonesia

depends on the ability of the government and

people of Indonesia in improving its human

resources. Education is one area that is quite

important, to be able to respond and keep pace

with changes in the development effort and was

able to answer the demands of society.

Education in Indonesia based on the national

educational goals set forth in Law No. 20 of

2003, which is to create an educational

institution that has a great responsibility in

developing the attitudes and abilities as well as

provide basic knowledge and skills necessary to

live in the community, and prepares participants

students who qualify for education in

accordance with the level and type.

An understanding of the basic concepts of

educational policy is essential possessed by

practitioners of education to equip itself to be

able to make the right policy and in accordance

with the duties and responsibilities of each.

Because mistakes in taking such policy,

especially in the education fields that will have

broad impact for the community because

education essentially involves the development

of the nation's future quality.

Education is a tool to improve better

economic conditions. Education internally and

externally influence on the family and

community environment, which can be

observed in the social and economic

improvement. Education can be formal and

informal aimed to improve the knowledge,

attitudes, and income.

Recognition of the benefit-cost analysis can be

used as the basis of national considerations for a

decision to invest in education or simply

looking for a comparison of the benefits among

several education programs implemented.

Benefit-cost analysis Techniques using

quantitative estimate calculation performed

accurately in educational investment. Elchanan

Cohn in Sudrajat, Ahmad (2010) Posted on 23

September 2010 stated that the benefit-cost

analysis is an analysis technique to calculate the

cost (cost) issued a student or group of students

during a particular educational program by

estimating the benefits (benefits) acquired

(return) as a result of education. Comprehensive

study of this issue was made by Hansen in

Sudrajat, Ahmad (2010) Posted on 23

September 2010, by calculating the return

(return) of various levels and types of education

in the US.

Indonesia requires human resources in

sufficient quantity and quality as the main

supporter in development. To meet the human

resource, education has a very important role.

This is in accordance with Law No. 20 Year






16

2003 on National Education System in Article

3. Based on research at Harvard University,

United States (Ali Ibrahim Akbar in

http://www.enotes.com/business-finance-

encyclopedia/professional education, April

2011) turns a person's success is not determined

solely by the knowledge and technical abilities

(hard skills), but is determined also by the

ability to manage themselves and others (soft

skills). Some research revealed that success is

determined only about 20 percent of the hard

skills and the remaining 80 percent by the soft

skills. Even the most successful people in the

world can be successful due to the more widely

supported capabilities of soft skills than hard

skills. This suggests that the quality of

education by emphasizing the character and

talent of the students is very important to be

improved.

These days there are shift of

governance paradigm from "government rule"

to "good governance" or "from government to

governance", from centralized to decentralized,

it needs to be addressed and balanced with the

Civil Servants who have sufficient competence

and in accordance with the demands of the task.

The existence of civil servants in the reform era

and the implementation of regional autonomy

have a very strategic position, as smoothly or

not, good or bad governance and public

services, is dependent upon the competencies

that are owned and controlled by civil servants.

Therefore, the current required

qualifications of government apparatus (civil

servants), particularly leaders in the public

bureaucracy which morally clean and not

disabled, and has a vision for the future that can

be met (Widodo, 2007). Furthermore, according

to Ulrich in Tilaar (1997), that to create a

superior public leadership needed four main

agenda, namely: (1) be a strategic partner, (2) be

an expert, (3) be a hard worker, and (4) become

an agent of change (agents of change).

In an effort to meet the competency of

civil servants, Bass (in Widodo, 2007) and then

added that can be pursued through: (1)

improving employee awareness of the value and

importance of the task and work, (2) directs

employees to focus on the groups and

organizations objectives, rather than the

personal interests, and (3) develop employee

potential optimally.

This is consistent with efforts to improve

the competence of civil servants, especially the

structural officials, in accordance with Law No.

43 of 1999 (Act 43/199) on Amendments to the

Law 8/1974 on the Principles of Personnel, in

Article 17, paragraph 2, which set the

appointment of civil servants in a position

implemented based on the principle of

professionalism in accordance with competence,

work performance, and rank the level specified

for the job and other objective conditions

regardless of gender, ethnicity, religion, race, or

class.






17

In addition, to determine Position

Competency Standards, have been assigned the

Head of State Personnel Board Decision No. 13

of 2011 dated June 28, 2011 on Guidelines for

Preparation of Position Competency Stand

ards. These guidelines are guidelines

for each institution both central and local

government in developing job competency

standards in their respective agencies. Position

Competency Standards, here in after were

referred Managerial Competency Standards are

the minimum requirements of managerial

competence that must be possessed of a civil

servant in carrying out the duties. While

Managerial Competence the underlying

characteristics of individuals that reference to

the effective criteria and / or superior

performance in a particular occupation.

Through education in synergy with

talent and competence of civil servants, civil

servants mindset are expected change from

wanting to be served to be servants (officials)

that delightful people. From relaxing, lazy and

undisciplined cultural patterns, becomes a hard

work, vibrant, innovative, creative and

disciplined cultural patterns, from the

bureaucratic government system (management)

to the business / entrepreneur patterned

government system.

In an effort to realize reform of the

bureaucracy and improve the competence of

civil servants reached through: the realignment

of institutional / organizational, apparatus

human resources and management

(management) administration of the appropriate

size (right sizing) in accordance with the

purpose, urgency, vision and mission carried;

increase the capacity and capability of the

bureaucrats (PNS) in policy formulation, service

delivery and community empowerment. The

increase in capacity and capability or

competence of civil servants sought by:

1. Formal Education, by assignment civil

servants to follow higher education S1,

S2, and S3, as well as granting

permission to learn S1, S2, and S3;

2. Education and required position

training , ie Diklatpim Level IV,

Diklatpim Level III, Diklatpim

Diklatpim Level II and Level I;

3. Functional Education and training for

civil servants prepared for functional

positions;

4. Education and Technical Training, to

meet the needs of the civil servants

expertise in specific technical areas;

5. Granting the ability through experience

(tour of duty) of the civil servants;

6. Improved system of governance

(management) government affairs and

community services by optimizing the

use of information and communication

technology. Today almost all agencies

/ regional organizations already have a

website, so that various information /

policy can be accessed by the public;

7. Improved system of reward and

punishment. Reward system by

applying equal work for equal pay, or

the provision of decent wages in

accordance with the level of his

position within the organization. The

provision of penalties for the offense in

accordance with Government

Regulation No. 53 of 2010 on civil

servants discipline;






18

8. Repair of ethics and morality of civil

servants as stipulated in Government

Regulation No. 42 Year 2004 on Life

Coaching Corps and the Code of

Conduct for civil servants, and increase

supervision (internal control, external

supervision, community supervision).

The locus of this research is the City

government of Bekasi West Java Province. In

this study, the authors focused on the quality of

personnel at community empowerment

independence efforts in Bekasi West Java

Province, with the goal of research is to assess

the implementation of community development

programs related to community self-reliance,

community capacity building, as well as

assessing the degree of community

empowerment in Bekasi.

Table1.Individual Welfare State Data

Bekasi City Per Juni 2015

No

Districts Name

Grup1

(very poor)

Grup2

(Poor)

Grup3

(Vulnerable

Poor)

TOTAL

1 PONDOKGEDE 15093 12561 10863 38517

2 JATISAMPURNA 7128 3998 3380 14506

3 PONDOKMELATI 7906 7599 7311 22816

4 JATIASIH 16604 12030 8707 37341

5 BANTARGEBANG 6506 5025 4505 16036

6 MUSTIKAJAYA 10892 9894 8169 28955

7 BEKASITIMUR 12402 9446 8407 30255

8 RAWALUMBU 11575 8384 7131 27090

9 BEKASISELATAN 8759 8752 8399 25910

10 BEKASIBARAT 15033 12753 13366 41152

11 MEDAN SATRIA 7995 7570 6745 22310

12 BEKASIUTARA 11537 12047 13802 37386

Jumlah 131.430 110.059 100.785 342.274

Source:BappedaKotaBekasi, 2015






19

1.

2 Problems Identification

Community development implies an

independent, self-supporting and strengthening the

bargaining position of the community /

communities against external forces that would be

detrimental in the development process; in

addition also implies protecting, defending and

siding with the weak to prevent unequal

competition and exploitation of the weak. The role

of government as decision / policy makers in

community development more as a regulator,

Modernisator, catalyst / facilitator, motivator,

stabilizers and pioneer / stimulator in order:

a. Improve the community competence and

capacity in order to optimize their

involvement in the development process;

b. Accelerate the process of equitable

development;

c. Involving Public participation /

community groups as real in every

implementation of development;

d. Increase community sense of belonging

to the development products so that

maintained its maintenance;

e. Provide the widest opportunity for the

public to develop creativity in accordance

with the culture, character and potential

of local communities.

These days there are shift of governance

paradigm from "government rule" to "good

governance" or "from government to governance",

from centralized to decentralized, it needs to be

addressed and balanced with the Civil Servants

who have sufficient competence and in accordance

with the demands of the task. The existence of

civil servants in the reform era and the

implementation of regional autonomy have a very

strategic position, as smoothly or not, good or bad

governance and public services, is dependent upon

the competencies that are owned and controlled by

civil servants.

In an effort to realize reform of the

bureaucracy and improve the competence of civil

servants reached through: the realignment of

institutional / organizational, apparatus human

resources and management (management)

administration of the appropriate size (right sizing)

in accordance with the purpose, urgency, vision

and mission carried; increase the capacity and

capability of the bureaucrats (PNS) in policy

formulation, service delivery and community

empowerment.

Apparatus Quality becomes very urgent

role on community empowering independence

efforts in Bekasi West Java Province, and

therefore qualified personnel may play a role in

reviewing and implementing community

development programs related to community self-

reliance, community capacity building, as well as

the degree of community empowerment in Bekasi.

1.3 Problem Formulation

As for the problems in the form of research

questions are:

1. What is the role of qualified apparatus on

community empowerment independence

efforts in Bekasi West Java Province?

2. How about the quality of the apparatus

with the professionalism principles of

competence and his work achievement in

increasing self-reliance on community

empowerment in Bekasi West Java

Province?

1.4 Purposes n Benefits of the Research

The purpose of this Research:

1. To identify and analyze the role of

qualified apparatus on community






20

development e independence fforts in the

city of Bekasi, West Java Province.

2. To identify and analyze the quality of the

apparatus with the professionalism

principles of competence and his work

achievement in increasing self-reliance

on community empowerment in Bekasi

West Java Province

As some of the expected benefits of this

research are: to provide input and brainstorming to

the Municipality of Bekasi West Java Province, in

the policy making on independence efforts in the

community capacity building, in addition to

providing advice to the qualified apparatus with

the principles of competence and professionalism

in accordance with his performance which

contribute to self-reliance in community

empowerment efforts in Bekasi West Java

Province.

II. Research Methods

1. Research Methods

The method used in this research is

descriptive method with qualitative approach.

Descriptive research method is a method that is

used in research to analyze the events that

occurred during the study. Winarno Surachmad

(1988: 19) states that "a descriptive study focused

on solving the problems that exist at the present

time. Implementation of the descriptive method is

not limited only to the collection and compilation

of data but through the analysis and interpretation

of the meaning of the data.

The methods used in data collection are:

a. Interview method;

b. Documentation methods and Browsing:

collecting data on Bekasi city

government policies on empowering

communities independence efforts ;

c. Observation method: observation to the

Bekasi, West Java, local government

office to obtain the required data;

d. Library Study Methods: look for sources

that can be used as a reference of the data

source or literature.

2. Types of Research

Empowerment Research is one of the

descriptive studies. Descriptive study was not

intended to test a specific hypothesis, but simply

describes "what is" about something variable,

symptoms or circumstances. Indeed, there are

times when the results also prove the allegations

but not too often done. Descriptive study was not

intended to test the hypothesis.

But if we mention the word research, then

this will come into contact with something

scientific nuances. Thus, it can be stated that the

empowerment research are to generate policies

that can be justified scientifically, within the limits

that do not collide hardly with political will or

social political environment in a country. This

study discusses and examines about THE ROLE

OF APPARATUS QUALITY ON

COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT

INDEPENDENCE EFFORTS IN BEKASI

CITY WEST JAVA PROVINCE INDONESIA

Source of data in this research is the source

of primary data and secondary data. Data

collection techniques are by observation,

documentation, and interviews.

As for the source of the data in this research

are:






21

1) The informant, as the initial informant

selected purposively, the object of study to master

the problems studied (key informant) that the

apparatus is based on the quality (education,

experience and his skills). Further information

requested to the informant beginning to show

other people who can provide the information, and

then this informant was asked also to show other

people who can provide information and so on.

This method is usually referred to as a snow ball

that is done serially or sequentially. In this study,

which is seen as the first informant is: 5 Bekasi

city local government officials (the actor who

plays a role in improving the quality of personnel

and in community empowerment independence

efforts in Kota Bekasi West Java Province), which

consists of: (1) The head of BKD in Bekasi city

government; (2) Subsection Head of General

Government in Bekasi city government; (3)

Subsection of Development and Administration

Development in Bekasi city government; (4)

Subsection of Empowerment Bekasi city

government; (5) Subsection of Education and

Technical Training Functional in Bekasi city

government; and 5 Bekasi government staff; 7

people in Bekasi which are getting empowerment

from Bekasi City local government (community

selected purposively based on data from the

implementation of community empowerment in

Bekasi 2015). Then two people from non

Governmental Organization (NGO), and one

public figure, so the numbers of whole informants

are 20 people.

In the respondent selection both apparatus

and the public, researchers used purposive

sampling method to determine sample. In this

study sampled criteria are: (1) People who live in

Bekasi city, West Java Province, (2) Bekasi city

government Apparatus that plays a role in the

drafting, implementation and evaluation of

community empowerment in Bekasi West Java

Province.

2) The document, which is a technique used to

obtain documentation of data through written

materials in the form of materials, reports and

other records that are still relevant to community

empowerment policy in Bekasi, West Java. This

technique is done to supplement researcher’s

information in addition to supporting data

collection techniques mentioned above.

3) Place and events as a source of additional data

is done through direct observation of the places

and events related to community empowerment

policy in order to attempt independence in Bekasi,

West Java.

Research Result

1. Qualified Apparatus

Employees are the most important resource in

public organizations. Good employees and meet

the qualification standards can only be obtained

through effective recruitment efforts. Therefore, in

order to carry out the recruitment process

effectively, there must be accurate and continuous

information on the number and qualifications of

individuals who are required to carry out various

duties and functions within the organization.

human resources quality enhancement (PNS)

can be viewed from a variety of non-physical

potential, namely : (1) knowledge, employees must

have the basic knowledge that is wide enough so

be able to carry out the mandate of his job duties;

(2) intelligentsia, employees will be able to

receive any orders in carrying out their duties; (3)

expertise, employees are expected to possess

specialized skills in performing their duties as to

operate existing technologies; (4) skills,






22

employees are able to create new innovations or

new ideas in the task that he gets to be more

motivated. (5) human relations, good human

resources is human resources capable to organize

or communicate with each other and work well

together on the surrounding environment, as

professionals are those who are able to

communicate between individuals.

Professional terms that apply to all

official began from top-level to lower levels.

Professionalism can be defined as a sign of ability

and skill to do the job according to the fields and

the level of each. Professionalism involves a

match between the capabilities of the

bureaucratization with the needs of the task, met a

match between capabilities with the needs of the

task which is the condition of professional

apparatus formation. This means that apparatus

skills and abilities reflect the direction and

objectives to be achieved by an organization

(Kurniawan, 2005: 74).

Training (Education and Training) civil

servants is undertaken efforts for civil servants to

improve the personality, knowledge, and

capabilities in accordance with the demands:

(1) Professionalism

Based on observations and the observations

made by government officials researcher that is a

professional so it can be able to improve the

quality, knowledge, skills, driven by the many

responsibilities of the government's duty and

devotion to the public in accordance with the

capabilities of the employees. A professional’s

official or government apparatus are significantly

and positively very influential to the progress and

improvement of government organizations quality.

This is due to government employees as a

determinant, planners, implementers, and

superintendent of administration.

Lack of apparatus professionalism in the

public services management resulted in a lack of

willingness to participate in the planning of

development and the apathy of society against the

government which are making society feel

excluded from the process of governance. From

different areas of work that was involved

government officials it is clear that the problem is

related to lack-professionalism of employees in

performing entrusted important tasks.

(2) Skills

Every individual has different skills; skills

that exist in a person must be explored. Skills in a

person can help them to improve their quality. Not

all Employees have the skills that can be expected,

so that with the training is expected to help

employees improve their skills in the workplace.

In Here are more focused a person's skill to

develop creativity and ideas in completing the

task. A person who has a highly creativity

automatically the imagination power to develop

their intelligence are good. Therefore the skill is

one way to improve self professionalism.

(3) Expertise

The expertise comes from the word

expert which means mastering a particular field.

Expertise could mean that someone who has the

ability to master or run a particular technological

tools. Expertise is one way to support

professionalism. Expertise can be obtained

someone through training; the training makes a

person become more deeply what their main duty

so as to enhance his ability to master the job.

(4) knowledge






23

Knowledge is impact on a person quality

standard. Standard quality refers to the quality of

anything related directly or indirectly to

organization human resources. Quality standards

are lies in their own individual abilities.

Individual’s abilities affect a person's

development. One effort to help improve the

knowledge is to follow the training.

(5) Ability

The ability of someone who comes from

themselves are becoming initial capital to get a

certain place in an organization.

(6) Willingness

Willingness is the impetus that is in

oneself. Willingness that owned by someone must

be dug well enough, so that willingness can give

positive energy to help improve one's ability to be

better. Willingness is also the basis of a person, if

one has the willingness to change indirectly all the

other components will follow. Thus a willingness

that can encourages a person to work in a

professional manner.

(7) Discipline

Discipline is a rule that must be obeyed by

someone on self-awareness. Discipline is actually

not out of willingness, willingness to abide by the

rules that exist in the organization. Self-discipline

is very big role in achieving organizational goals.

Through self-discipline, beside to value himself an

employee also can respect others. Working

discipline beside influenced by the work

environment (how culture within the organization)

is also influenced by personality factors. If one

employee violates the necessary efforts so that

disciplinary action principles such as fair

socialization discipline can be maintained.

(8) Cooperation

Talking about the Human Relations is closely

related to the interaction of a person in the world

of work. Interaction is done not only on one side

but more than that. Good interaction between

leaders and subordinates and subordinates and

subordinates, maintaining good interaction can

increase the motivation to work. The easiest form

of interaction is to maintain good communication

and cooperation in carrying out the task of the

organization. In the work environment influence

the development of human resources. Good an

comfortable workplace environment will give

encouragement for someone to further improve the

quality in work. The internal environment is a part

that can not be ignored in efforts to improve the

quality of human resources.

The internal environment is everything

that is owned by the organization, both attached to

the structure, as well as support, both material and

nonmaterial. Maintaining good relations to fellow

employees is a spirit of its own to work harder.

However, not everyone or employee it can be said

one way or perception. No doubt in a cooperative

relationship in the world of work to unify the

perception was quite difficult, but there are certain

ways in the organization cope with that kind of

thing.

According to Blumberg & Pringle theory (in

Jewell & Siegall, 1990) there are several factors

that determine a person's job performance,

namely: a) Opportunity: includes the tools,

materials, supplies, working conditions, co-

workers actions, behavior management, mentors,

policies, regulatory, organizational procedures,

information, time, and salaries; b) Capacity:

consisting of age, health, skills, intelligence, motor

skills, education levels, endurance, stamina and

energy levels; c) Willingness: consists of






24

motivation, job satisfaction, job status, anxiety,

legitimacy, participation, attitudes, perceptions of

the characteristics of the task, work engagement,

norms, values, perceptions and sense of justice.

The theory is to be used as a reference to

determine the human resources quality

improvement after they followed the training

program. Is it in accordance with what is expected

or is still lacking? It was as one way to make it

easier to assess the success of the training program

to improving the quality of human resources is

expected.

Government apparatus Coaching in order to

improve working quality, which meant by

coaching in this study is an activity or a form of

business that is done by discipline coaching,

career coaching, and Civil Service professional

ethics coaching in an organization of government

to improve the ability of employees to provide

services to the community through basic tasks and

functions in order to achieve the vision and

mission of the government organizations. While

performance is a result of work accomplished by a

Civil Servant in performing the tasks assigned to

him on proficiency, skill, seriousness, and time.

In Act No. 43 of 1999 points staffing and

Law No. 5 of 2014 concerning the civil state

apparatus (ASN) stated that employees coaching is

an important effort in the organization because of

these employees coaching will make organization

be more advanced and developed. Malthis (in

Widjaja, 1986) stating that the employee coaching

is an activity that is associated with an increase in

employee skills for sustainable growth within the

organization. Widjaja (1986: 15) added that

employee coaching is all efforts to improve the

ability in performing general administration and

development. Of the three definitions, it is clear

that employees coaching conducted for the growth

and sustainability of the quality of employees in

an organization. Thus, employees coaching are

essentially an increase in the ability of employees

to provide services to the public through the basic

tasks and functions in the implementation of the

development in accordance with established

policy.

Civil Servants Professional Ethics

coaching in accordance with Regulation No. 42 of

2004 in (www.bkn.go.id.penelitian) using the

terminology of mental coaching corps and the

Civil Service code of conduct, which is a kind of

design (design) that illustrate the various

components that need to be in the Civil Servants

Professional Ethics coaching, so it can be used as

a reference pattern or guidelines by the head of

government agencies at every level in doing Civil

Servants Professional Ethics coaching in the

governments agency an d working units

environment

2. Independence Effort In Community

Empowerment

Empowerment as a process of developing,

independent, self-supporting, strengthens the

bargaining position of the lower layers of society

against the forces in all areas and sectors of life

(Sutoro Eko, 2002). The concept of empowerment

also can be understood by two perspectives.

Empowerment interpreted in the context of putting

public standing position. The position of

community is not beneficiary object

(beneficiaries) it is dependent on the provision of

external parties such as the government, but rather

in the position of the subject (agent or participant

who acts) that act independently. Act

independently does not mean escape from the






25

responsibility of the state. The provision of public

services (health, education, housing, transport and

so on) to the community is certainly state tasks

(liabilities) that are given. Independent community

as participants means open space and capacity to

develop potential -creation, environmental control

and its own resources, solve problems

independently, and and also determine the

political process in the realm of the state.

Communities participate in the development

process and governance (Sutoro Eko, 2002).

Regulation No. 7 of 2007 concerning Community

Empowerment Cadre, stating that community

empowerment is a strategy used in community

development as an effort to realize the capabilities

and independence in society, nation and state

(Article 1, paragraph (8)). The core notion of

community empowerment is a strategy to leverage

the power and independence of the community.

The goals of community empowerment are to

enable and dependence community mainly from

poverty and underdevelopment / gap /

powerlessness. In other words, underdevelopment

problem regarding structural (policy) and cultural

(Sunyoto Usman, 2004). How do strategies or

activities that can be pursued to achieve the goal

of community empowerment? There are several

strategies that can be considered to be selected and

then applied in community empowerment.

Strategy (1): Creating a climate, strengthen,

and protect. In an effort to empower the

community can be seen from three sides, namely:

creating an atmosphere or climate that allows the

potential of society, rather than society becomes

increasingly dependent on a variety of granting

programs (charity). Therefore, basically every

enjoyed what must be produced on their own

business (which results can be exchanged with

another party). Thus the ultimate goal is the

community's independence, enable and build

capacity to advance thems toward a better life on

an ongoing basis.

Strategy (2): Government Development

Programs in developing countries including

Indonesia have launched a variety of programs,

namely (1) the development of agriculture, (2) the

industrialization of society, (3) development of an

integrated society, and (4) strategic growth centers

(Sunyoto Usman, 2004).

The success of this development requires

a system and executor apparatus that is capable,

responsive and creative as well as managers in

accordance with the principles of modern

management in attitudes and behavior of technical

capabilities, including the deliver effective

services to the public. Due to effective service will

expedite the development process. For that reason,

the effectiveness of excellent service as one of the

variables studied. Since the New Order era until

now, the conditions in the Indonesian bureaucracy

notorious as inefficiency, abuse of authority,

corruption, collusion and nepotism. This is proven

by the demands and community complaints

against the services were rated less than

satisfactory. People are increasingly away from

the hope of obtaining appropriate services owned

rights as citizens. Bureaucracy in this case the

government becomes less get the full confidence

of the public. To realize the neutral government

bureaucracies in fact still face many obstacles,

while people always demand the effectiveness of

government services. Policies to achieve a neutral

bureaucracy in the administration and state

government, in practice there are face many

obstacles. Yet amid the barriers, people really






26

missed a good public service, in the sense of

proportion to the benefit, namely; bureaucracy

oriented to the creation of a balance between

power (power) owned by responsibility

(accountability) to be given to the communities

served. Local government officials as bureaucrats

demanded to deal with the constraints faced in the

development efforts recommended by the

government. The apparatus must be able to

perform its main function is to give good service

to the community, agile, effective and efficient.

Community empowerment is actually a

part of the four functions of government expressed

by Ryaas Rashid. Ryaas divides government

functions into four parts, the service (public

service), construction (development),

empowerment (empowering), and setting

(regulation). [1] The functions of government are

carried out at a given moment will describe the

quality of governance itself. If the next

government to function properly, then the

principal tasks can be done well as services can be

led to justice, empowerment led to independence,

and then to create prosperity development.

Community empowerment process in general

forms and builds prosperity and self-reliance to

fight the currents of rapid globalization. To

increase the creativity of the poor in view of the

economic outlook based on how the government is

serious about building a strong human resource.

Thus, improving the quality of society through

empowerment programs is needed. Ndraha

mentioned that the government has two basic

functions, namely primary function or service, and

a secondary function or empowerment.

The primary function is continuously

running and positively associated with the

empowerment of the governed. This means that

more helpless people, then more increase the

primary function of government. Conversely

secondary function negatively related to the level

of empowerment of the governed. This means that

more helpless people, then diminishing the

government's secondary function of rowing

(setting) to steering (control). A secondary

function or empowerment gradually handed over

to the community to meet their own needs.

Government is obliged to continuously seek to

empower people to improve their empowerment

so that in turn they have the ability to live

independently and apart from government

interference. Therefore, the empowerment

encourages community self-reliance and

development will create prosperity in the

community. Along with it, the results of

development and empowerment of the

government, along with its limitations, then

gradually people were able to live independently

sufficiency.

Government functions in relation to

empowerment, to direct the independence

community and development for the creation of

self-reliance and prosperity, not necessarily

imposed by society. The need for a government

role optimally and depth to build community

3. Community Empowerment

Independence Efforts In Bekasi City

The success of national development can

not be separated from the role and functions of

government organizations in carrying out the tasks

of government because the government

organization's success in achieving the objectives

strongly supports the achievement of national






27

development goals. In order to achieve the

national goals and objectives of the national

development required the participation of Civil

Servants (PNS) as an element of the state

apparatus, civil servants and public servant whose

job is to carry out the tasks of government and

development. In Law Number 43 Year 1999

regarding amendments to the Law No. 8 of 1974

on the Fundamentals of Civil Service, in Chapter

II, Article 3, paragraph 1 stated that: "Servants

serves as an element of the state apparatus whose

job is to provide services to the community in a

professional, honest, fair, and equitable in the

administration duties of the state, governance, and

development." Civil Servant is not only an

element of government officials, but also servants

of the state and public servant which is basically a

public servant. Civil servants as a apparatus of

bureaucracy than as a state apparatus and civil

servants, as well as a public servant. So with the

interests of the communities in bureaucratic

apparatus must devote themselves. Bureaucracy is

expected to have a devotion soul and service to the

community. Thus the output of the

implementation of the tasks is in the form of

service to the community so that the service is said

to be effective if apparatus succeeded in carrying

out their duties. In other words, the success of the

task of the government in national development

depends a lot on the performance and capabilities

of civil servants. From these explanations we can

conclude that the position and role of civil

servants is critical and determines the success of

national development. Apparatus in Bekasi city

government as part of the civil servants are

required to be the motor of development because

they are in direct contact with the public, so it will

better understand the circumstances and

conditions of the community.

In explanation of Law No. 43 of 1999 on

the amendment of Law No. 8 of 1974 on the

Fundamentals of Civil Service stated that the

smooth run the administration and implementation

of national development, especially depending on

the perfection of the state apparatus, and the

perfection of the state apparatus depends on the

perfection of civil servants , From these

explanations it can be said that the perfection of

bureaucracy depends on the perfection of the state

apparatus so that the quality of the bureaucracy we

reflected on the quality of the state apparatus. The

task of government is not only to set the course,

but also provide services to the public. Service

function has not received the attention of the

bureaucracy, because the function set is more

dominant than the portion of the service.

Bureaucracy felt no more in a position of power

who puts himself as a director rather than officials,

therefore, arises a tendency to see people as

passive objects in service excellence. Government

bureaucracy occupies an important position in the

implementation of development because it is one

of the important instruments that will sustain and

accelerate development efforts.

The success of this development requires a

system and executor apparatus that is capable,

responsive and creative as well as managers in

accordance with the principles of modern

management in attitudes and behavior of technical

capabilities, including the deliver effective

services to the public. Due to effective service will

expedite the development process. For that reason,

the effectiveness of excellent service as one of the

variables studied. Since the New Order era until

now, the conditions in the Indonesian bureaucracy






28

notorious as inefficiency, abuse of authority,

corruption, collusion and nepotism. This is proven

by the demands and community complaints

against the services were rated less than

satisfactory. People are increasingly away from

the hope of obtaining appropriate services owned

rights as citizens. Bureaucracy in this case the

government becomes less get the full confidence

of the public. To realize the neutral government

bureaucracies in fact still face many obstacles,

while people always demand the effectiveness of

government services. Policies to achieve a neutral

bureaucracy in the administration and state

government, in practice there are face many

obstacles. Yet amid the barriers, people really

missed a good public service, in the sense of

proportion to the benefit, namely; bureaucracy

oriented to the creation of a balance between

power (power) owned by responsibility

(accountability) to be given to the communities

served. Local government officials as bureaucrats

demanded to deal with the constraints faced in the

development efforts recommended by the

government. The apparatus must be able to

perform its main function is to give good service

to the community, agile, effective and efficient.

This research generally aims to obtain

information on community empowerment, namely

by reference to the evaluation of PNPM Urban

economic empowerment in Bekasi. Evaluation

result of the local government can be a basis for a

decision, whether to terminate, continue, or

improve the implementation of economic

empowerment in PNPM independence Urban

Program. In the operational objectives, evaluations

of program are as follows:

1. Context program of economic

empowerment in PNPM Urban,

which includes government policies,

objectives, community needs and

goals.

2. Input economic empowerment programs

in PNPM Urban, in the form of

infrastructure work and resource

managers.

3. The process of economic empowerment

programs in the form of PNPM

Urban planning, capacity

development, and performance

manager.

4. Economic empowerment program

Product in PNPM Urban, the

economic benefits for society.

III. Conclusions and Suggestions

1.

Conclusions

a. In order to realize a good working apparatus to

the community in need of human resources that

have good quality also, therefore the employee

continue to be developed so that they have a good

ability to carry out its tasks and role in efforts to

empower the independence of people in Bekasi

city government. Employees are the most

important resource for government institutions,

one implication is that the government should

provide a sufficient development of poor

communities to develop businesses to employees,

in the sense that the development of poor

communities to investments made by the

government for these employees aimed at creating

sources human power who have added value to

government and society. So as to produce a






29

working apparatus that efficiency in the execution

of duties

In connection with this empowerment of apparatus

resources, the role of the apparatus performance

must have very significant value in improving the

apparatus quality working in the field of

empowerment of the poor development. It is

expected that the personnel working for the poor

does not take too long. Because look at the

development of poor communities residing in the

District of Bekasi City officer who has a number

of families or the poor souls who have insufficient

income and economic needs.

Community empowerment process by the

apparatus is done in three stages, namely

initials, participatory, and emancipatory.

Initials interpreted as the government, by the

government, and for the people. The

participatory is means government with the

people, by government together with the

people, for the people. Meanwhile,

emancipatory means of the people, by the

people, for the people, and supported by the

government with the people. Thus the role

and functions of government in the welfare

and society's independence is indispensable.

b. Quality apparatus with the principles of

competence and professionalism in accordance

with his performance increase self-reliance in

community empowerment in Bekasi West Java

Province, namely the role of the apparatus as:

1) Regulator; be able to prepare the way to

balance the implementation of

development through the issuance of

regulations. As a regulator, the

government through professional

apparatus has provided the basic

reference to the community as an

instrument to regulate all activities of the

implementation of empowerment.

2) Dynamist; able to mobilize community

participation in case of constraints in the

development process to encourage and

maintain the dynamics of regional

development. Government role are

through competent personnel in

providing guidance and direction

intensively and effectively to the public.

Usually it is realized through the

provision of guidance and assistance

teams specific agencies to provide

training.

3) The facilitator; be able to create

conducive conditions to the

implementation of development to bridge

the various interests of the community in

order to optimize regional development.

As facilitator, the government is moving

through the apparatus that professional

and competent in the field of assistance

through training, education and skills

training, as well as in the field of capital

financing or through the provision of

capital to the people who are empowered.

As for the role the apparatus in the context of the

program is done through:

1. Evaluation

Context

Aspects of this policy has met the criteria

for success, namely an Independent

PNPM is a national program in the form

of a policy framework as the basis and

reference for the implementation of

poverty reduction programs based on






30

community empowerment.

2. Evaluation Input

The success rate of the provision of BKM

working facilities and infrastructure are in

the medium category. BKM manager

recruitment pattern was in accordance

with the procedures set out in the

guidelines for the implementation of

PNPM Urban. Furthermore, the public

institutions have been formed 100 percent.

3.Evaluation

Process

Socialization program of economic

empowerment through revolving loans

are made by government leaders in the

village as the village level to facilitate

the implementation of PNPM Urban.

Besides, socialization is also done by

the facilitator at the base of society such

as RT, RW, PKK, health center.

4. Economic empowerment programs

through revolving loans to help the poor

in accessing capital for productive

enterprises in addition to improve the

infrastructure managers to improve

services in the future. Socialization and

assistance are doing to the public, as

well as the provision of skills training

to the poor to help increase revenue,

and the partnerships that can assist in

improving community empowerment.

2. Suggestion

Based on the conclusions of the research,

presented the following suggestions:

1. PNPM Urban economic empowerment

Program can further improve the

income level of the poor should be

coupled with improved access to

capital and skills of the poor.

2. Better for Local Government and BKM,

First, provide working facilities and

infrastructure for BKM managers

completed in accordance with the needs

of working to improve the quality of

service to the community. Secondly,

better access to capital can be enhanced

through the partnership program. Third,

there is training that can improve

people's skills in order to increase family

income.

3. If further research or studies conducted

by other researchers, that focused on

the evaluation of the PNPM Urban

wider by analyzing the physical

aspects / environmental and social

aspects.






31

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