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International Organizations and Groups
Chapter # 6
United Nations Organization
• Established 26th June 1945
• Aim: maintain international peace and security and to promote cooperation involving economic, social and cultural and humanitarian problems
• Structure: 6 principal organs1.General assembly2.Secretariat3.Security council4.Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)(54
members)5.Trusteeship council6.International court of Justice (15 judges)
1. General assembly:• (192 state members)• composed of representatives of all Member
States• main deliberative organ
2. SecretariatCarries day to day work of organizationSurveys and preparing studies, administrating
peacekeeping activities
3. Security council(5 permanent and 10 non)Permanent: USA, UK, China, France, RussiaMaintenance of international peace and security
4. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)(54 members)Coordinate economic and social activities
5. Trusteeship councilTo provide international supervision for 11 Trust
Territories placed under the administration of 7 Member States
to prepare the Territories for self-government and independence
1994, all Trust Territories had attained self-government or independence
International Court of Justice
• World court• Established in 1946• Aim: primary judicial organ of UN. functions
are to settle legal disputes submitted to it by states and to give advisory opinions on legal questions
• Members: 15 judges
• President of General Assembly: Dr Aliabdussalam Treki (Lebanon)
• Secretary General: Ben ki-moon (South Korea)
World Bank
• Financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world– International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD)– International Development Association (IDA).
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
• Established in 1944• Also known as world bank• Aim: Finance the reconstruction of nations
devastated by World War II. Now promote economic development loans.
• Members 184
International Development Association (IDA)
• Established in 1960• Providing interest-free credits and grants for
programs that boost economic growth, reduce inequalities and improve living conditions.
International Labor
Organization
• Established in 1919• Agency of UN• Headquarters:
Switzerland• Deal with labor issues
International Monetary Fund
• Established in 27th Dec: 1945• Special agency of UN• Members 184• Aim: to promote world monetary stability and
economic development
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
• Established in 1964• Develop friendly integrations of developing
countries• Forum for discussions
International Atomic Energy Agency
• Established in 1956• Members: 137• Aim to promote peaceful use of atomic energy
and inhibits military use.• The IAEA and its former Director General,
Mohamed ElBaradei, were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize that was awarded on October 7, 2005.
United Nations Development Program
• To help people build a better life– Democratic Governance – Poverty Reduction – Crisis Prevention and Recovery – Environment and Energy – HIV/AIDS
World Food Program
• Established 1961– Save lives and protect livelihoods in emergencies – Prepare for emergencies – Restore and rebuild lives after emergencies – Reduce chronic hunger and under nutrition
everywhere – Strengthen the capacity of countries to reduce
hunger
United Nations Institute of Training and Research
• Established 1961• Training for capacity development in the fields
of Environment; Peace, Security and Diplomacy; and Governance.
International Fund for Agricultural Development
• 1977• Improved agricultural technologies and
effective production services • To empower poor rural women and men in
developing countries to achieve higher incomes and improved food security
World Health Organization
• 1946• Providing leadership on global health matters• Providing technical support to countries and
monitoring and assessing health trends.
Developed Countries
• Have a high level of development
• Citizens to enjoy a free and healthy life in a safe environment.
• Advanced economies
Developing countries
• Less advance then developed countries• Higher standard of living then less developed
countries
Least Developed Countries LDC
• Show lowest indicator of economic development– Low income – Human resource
weakness– Economic instability
European Union
• Established in 7th February 1992• Members: 17• Aim: coordinate policies among members in
economics, building European Economic Community, and to establish common market and currency.
African Union
• Established on 9 July 2002• Members states: 53• in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.• President: Bingu wa Mutharika • Objective:• To achieve greater unity and solidarity
between the African countries and the peoples of Africa;
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
• ASEAN• Established in 8th August 1967• Member 11• Its aims include the acceleration of economic
growth, social progress, cultural development among its members, the protection of the peace and stability of the region.
Arab Cooperation Council
• Estabkusged 16th February 1989• The ACC was created partly in response to the
four countries being left out of the Gulf Cooperation Council
• North Yemen, Iraq, Jordan, and Egypt.
Gulf Cooperation Council
• Also known as Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
• Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman
• Established in 1981
• Coordination, integration and inter-connection between Member States
• Encouraging cooperation of the private sector; • Strengthening ties between their peoples; and • Encouraging cooperation of the private sector
League of Arab States
• Regional organization of Arab states in North and Northeast Africa, and Southwest Asia
• Established March 22, 1945 • Members: 22• To safeguard their independence and
sovereignty, and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries.
• mediate disputes among them or between them and third parties
North American Free Trade Agreement
• Members: USA, Canada, and Mexico
• Trade bloc in north America• January 1994• Eliminate trade barriers• Promote fair competition• Create procedure to settle
disputes
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Intergovernmental Military Alliance• Based on North Atlantic Treaty which was signed
on 4 April 1949.• Headquarters: Brussels (Belgium)• Members: 28 states• Member states agree to mutual defense in
response to an attack by any external party.• Organization's goal was "to keep the Russians out
• Also known as Commonwealth of Nations• Established in 31 December 1931• Headquarters: Marlborough House, London,
United Kingdom• 54 independent states• Head: Queen Elizabeth II• Aim of international understanding and world
peace
Commonwealth of Independent states
• Regional organization• Established 1991• Members : former Soviet Union countries
(10), one participating and other is Russia• Headquarters: Moscow• Aim: to coordinate inter-commonwealth
relations.
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
• Established in 1960• Aim: coordinate petroleum policies• Members: 11 Muslim countries• Determination of the best means for
safeguarding the cartel's interests, individually and collectively
Asian Development Bank
• Established 19th December 1966• Aim: reduce poverty and improve the quality
of life of their citizens.• Regional members: 44• Non-regional: 18
African Development Bank
• Established in 1964• Headquarters Abidjan• Mission To contribute to the sustainable
economic development and social progress of its regional members, individually and jointly
Islamic Development Bank
• Established in 1974• Members 54 and Philistine Liberal
organization• Aim: to promote Islamic economic aid and
social development• provides interest-free loans • providing financial assistance to member
countries in other forms for economic and social development
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
• APEC• objective is to enhance economic growth and
prosperity in the region and to strengthen the Asia-Pacific community
• Member 21• Established 1989• Chair: Japan
Economics Cooperation Organization
• Members: seven Asian and Three European countries
• Platform to discuss ways to improve development and promote trade, and investment opportunities
• Headquarters: Tehran• Established 1985
European Free Trade Association
• Established in 1960• Aim: to promote expansion of free trade• Members: Iceland, Liechtenstein,
Norway, Switzerland G77
G77
• Collation of developing countries• Established 15th June 1964• Designed to promote economic interest of
members and enhance negotiating capacity to the United Nations
• Expended 133 members• Chairmanship: Yemen
G8
• Initially known as “Group of Six”• Created by France 1975• Members 8: Canada, France, UK, USA,
Germany, Italy, Japan and now Russia (1997)• Annual Meeting of Head of Government• Aim: to discuss and coordinate major
economic policies
G7
• Meeting of the finance ministers from a group of seven industrialized nations.
• Non communist • It was formed in 1976, when Canada joined
the Group of Six: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States.
• To discuss economic policies.
Paris Club
• Informal group of financial officials• Includes wealthiest members of IMF, provide
most of money to be loaned• Established 1956• Members: Included 19 world largest
economies• Provide financial services
Economics Cooperation Organization
• Members: Seven Asian and three European countries
• Headquarters: Tehran (Iran)• Secretary General: Yehya Marufi
(Afghanistan)• Established 1985• Objective: Promote regional cooperation
in trade, transportation, communications, tourism, cultural affairs and economic development.
Former Soviet Union
• USSR• Group of 15 countries
International Olympic Committee
• Established in 1894• Members: 205• Aim: promote Olympic ideals and administer
Olympic games.
International standard Organization
• Established 1947• Members: 97• Aim: to promote the
development of international standards