Organic Farming & Effective Degradation of Pesticide Residues through Microbes

5th National Conference on Organic World Advantage to India

October 15, 2015, Shangri-La, New Delhi

International Panaacea Limited

D. K. MishraPh.D. (IIT-Delhi); PMP

General Manager – Tech. & Dev.

Presented by:

Major Focus

Organic Farming: Experiences Sharing

Pesticide Residues: Challenges and Microbial Solution

IPL Organic Farming Projects

Adoption & Certification of Organic Farming of Litchi Project in Muzaffarpur district of Bihar by Deptt. of Horticulture, Government of Bihar (NHM).

Organic farming (adoption and certification) of vegetable crops in Bhiwani and Hisar district of Haryana by HSHDA (NHM) Haryana.

Internal Control System (ICS) for organic farming in East Sikkim, by Sikkim Organic Mission, Government of Sikkim.

Maintenance of internal Control System (ICS) in 9 District of Rajasthan by Deptt. of Agriculture, Government of Rajasthan.

Organic Farming (Adoption & Certification) in 2 District of Jammu & Kashmir (Ramban, Kupwara) by Deptt. of Agriculture, Government of J &K.

Good Agriculture Practices (GLOBALG.A.P) Project by HSHDA (NHM) Haryana.

Implementation of existing organic farming projects in Jhajjar & Mewat district of Haryana by HAFED.

Major Focus:Awareness Generation & Capacity Building for,1. Easy Adoption of OFPs2. Maintenance of ICS, Traceability

and Certification 3. Establish Marketing Channel

Bihar Project in Print Media

Sikkim Project in Print Media

Rajasthan Project in Print Media

J&K Project in Print Media

Participation in Horti Expo’s

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National Exhibition Horti Expo2010 form 28th-30th May 2010 at Bangluru

Dr. D.K. Mishra (Project Director-Organic, IPL) presenting organically produced litchi to Chief

Minister of Karnataka (Dr. B. S. Yedurappa)

C2 certified Litchi presented to Honrable Speaker of Uttrakhand Legislative Council

C2 certified Litchi presented to Honrable MP Mr. Hukum Dev Narayan

Marketing Linkage

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Bihar-Buyer-Seller Meeting

Bihar-Marketed 35 MT Litchi

Rajasthan-Buyer-Seller Meeting

Sikkim – Marketed 65 MT Ginger & 25 MT Turmeric

Credential’s

Pesticide Residues: Consequences Finland rejects organic rice consignment from India 1

Organically challenged: During 2007, 1,763 shipments of both organic and inorganic food from India were rejected by the US alone. 2

A report said that due to excessive usage of pesticides in fruits and vegetable here, "various countries have banned the import of Indian vegetables and fruits and many more are under scrutiny".3

As part of its food safety laws, the US has started prescribing zero tolerance levels for food contaminants like aflatoxins and pesticide residues. The stringent norms have led to the rejection of a few consignments of chilli and chilli products from the country. 4

There has been a number of cases of rejection of Indian chilli powder. Italy rejected an Indian consignment of crushed hot chilli containing unauthorised colour Sudan 1 and Sudan 4. In June 2005, the EU rejected 12 Indian food consignments while US rejected 216. 5

Saudi Arabia, the fifth largest importer of fresh vegetables from India, has banned the import of green chillies because of the presence of high pesticide residues. 6

1. http://www.worldtradereview.com2. http://currentnews.emsme.in/2008/09/15/organically-challenged/ 3. http

://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-02- 11/news / 59043501 _1_ vegetables- and-fruits-pesticides-amicus-curiae

4. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-03-10/news/28675514_1_chilli-norms-pesticide-residue-levels

5. http://www.fnbnews.com/article/detnew.asp?articleid=15633&sectionid=236. http://

www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/saudi-arabia-bans-indian-green-chilli-over-pesticide-concerns/article1-1358152.aspx

Average Dietary Intake of pesticide Residue (mg/day/person)

Countries Avg. Dietary intake

USA 7.6

UK 12.0

Canada 13.3

Australia 20.0

Germany 149.0

Europe 156.0

Indian-N. Veg. 356.3

Indian-veg. 362.5

Source: Organic Horticulture, TNAU

ENDOSULFAN

Endosulfan is one of the most toxic pesticides in the market today, responsible for many fatal pesticide poisoning incidents around the world.

India is one of the largest producers and the largest consumer of endosulfan in the world.

Of the total volume manufactured in India, three companies produce 4,500 tonnes annually for domestic use and another 4,000 tonnes for export.

Endosulfan Toxicity

Toxicity ClassificationThe U S Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) classifies endosulfan as Category Ib – Highly Hazardous.

The European Union also rates it Highly Hazardous.

World Health Organisation (WHO) classifies endosulfan in Category II – Moderately Hazardous.

The Industrial Toxicological Research Centre (ITRC) in India classifies Endosulfan as Extremely Hazardous.

Although classified as toxic, highly toxic and moderately toxic in different countries of world, it has been used for a long time and many country still continue to use it.

Acute toxicity:

As per the reports from different agencies published from time to time,

• Primary acute effect is on the nervous system, causing hyper excitation and nervous system mediated effects on respiration and heart.

• Death results from low levels of exposure.

• Interferes with male hormones, causing chronic depression of testosterone.

• Suppresses the immune system, as well as promoting allergic responses.

• Linked to long-term neurological effects such as epilepsy, and may cause Parkinson’s disease.

Toxicity is increased by increased temperatures, more problems can be expected with global warming.

Persistence

Endosulfan is semivolatile persistent to degradation processes Long-range atmospheric transport found in remote locations like

Antarctic atmosphere, Arctic Ocean Dust from the Sahara Desert; where it was never applied.

Once applied, the compound breaks down endosulfan (.. sulfate, .. diol and .. Furan), all of which have structures similar to the parent compound.

The estimated half-lives for the combined toxic residues (endosulfan plus endosulfan sulfate) ranges from roughly up to 6 years.

Endosulfan’s persistence has resulted in it becoming a ubiquitous global contaminant of soil, sediment, fresh and marine waters, aquatic and terrestrial biota; and human food.

• According to a report, in the tea-growing areas of West Bengal, -endosulfan, -endosulfan and endosulfan sulphate ranged from 7.40 to 81.40, 8.50 to 0.256.1 and 55 to 95.9 g/kg respectively.

DBT – IPL Joint Initiative

To overcome the harmful effects of Endosulfan and its residues in the soil, Department of Bio Technology, Government of India sponsored a research project to

M/S International Panaacea Limited, New Delhi.

Study Conducted: International Panaacea Limited,

developed a consortium of bacterial isolates (all from nature i.e. soil)

These isolates were subjected to very higher concentration of endosulphan.

Both commercial and technical grade endosulphan were used for degradation studies in liquid as well as potted soils.

About the Study

The DBT supported study, aimed to find microbial solution for effective degradation of chemical and its residues in soil. It involved,

Soil sampling from Kasargod in KeralaArtificial contamination of Soils with chemical for Pot studySoil testing and analysis to determine residues of ChemicalSoil inoculation with Microbial consortiaExtraction and Gas chromatography analysis to determine chemical and its metabolites in

soilSoil analysis to determine rate of degradation and residues in soil.Based on the detailed testing and analysis of soil samples the formulation is tested fully

and ready for commercialization.

Major Findings

Even at higher concentration of Endosulfan the organism showed positive growth.

The consortium of microbes degraded up to 81 % of alpha and 56 % of beta endosulphan in 25 days.

In liquid medium, there was 33% & 66% degradation of alpha & beta endosulphan respectively.

Similarly in the pot culture study the degradation of alpha & beta endosulphan was 77 % & 93 %

respectively.

Under field conditions, the isolates showed 99% of alpha endosulphan & 100% of beta endosulphan within

30 days.

Most importantly the most persistent and highly toxic residue i.e. Endosulfan Sulphate was not

detected in any study.

Conclusions / Suggestions / Recommendations

Endosulfan and its residues can be degraded (within 30 days) both in the soil as well as water bodies; using SAFE product.

Suggested to be applied in areas where Endosulfan was applied in the past Still being applied and / or Any other place, water bodies where Endosulfan contamination is suspected;

Areas / states moving towards Organic Farming and / or Sustainable Agriculture to be benefited by producing residue free SAFE FOOD forHealthy People Increase in exports / export earnings, and Better return from Agriculture

…for SAFE Food & SAFE Future……….

Thank Youdkmishra@iplbiotech.comPhone: 011-4366 7235Mobile: +91-98181 96987www.iplbiotech.com

International Panaacea Limited

International Panaacea Limited (IPL) www.iplbiotech.com  (M2K Group Company) is an

ISO 9001:2008 certified leading biotechnology company headquartered at New Delhi.

Broadly, IPL has two divisions, one is into production and marketing of nearly 40

organic bio-products (mostly microbial and certified agri-inputs for Organic Farming) in

almost all the major States of India.

The second division in into technology transfer (in the areas of Organic farming, post-

harvest, good agricultural practices, vegetable production, packaging, transportation,

certification etc.) and have been working in the Indian States of Bihar, Haryana, Sikkim,

Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir.

Our R & D unit is recognized by Department of Scientific & Industrial Research (DSIR),

Govt. of India since October 2004.

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